The body of the request consists of three parts: reasons, contents and requirements. When asking for instructions, the reasons should be fully explained, and the proposed solutions should be concrete and feasible.
In addition to its characteristics, the precautions for asking for instructions should also pay attention to the difference between asking for instructions and reporting, and avoid using reports to ask for instructions; If the request involves other departments or regions, it should be negotiated in advance and merged if necessary. If the relevant parties disagree, it shall be reflected in the actual request; In addition, a budget statement should be attached when applying for funds; Requests for approval of rules shall be accompanied by the contents of the rules; Ask for instructions to deal with the problem, the unit should first make a clear statement; When issuing a formal request for issuing a document to a higher authority, the name of the issuing authority shall be indicated at the head.
Interpretation of asking for instructions: asking for instructions is an official document that is "applicable to asking for instructions and approval from superiors". Asking for instructions belongs to the above article. Where the authorities have no right or ability to decide and solve matters, they can ask for instructions from their superiors, who should reply in time. This is a common style in practical writing practice. Asking for instructions can be divided into three types. Ask for instructions, ask for instructions, reply, reply.
Prerequisites: The following three conditions must be met when asking for instructions:
It must be written by a subordinate to a superior.
The problem of asking for instructions must be that you have no right to make decisions and deal with it.
It must be approved by the superior.
Features:
One article and one thing. In order to facilitate the examination and approval of leaders, it is necessary to ask for instructions. In other words, each request can only ask the superior to approve one thing and solve one problem.
Please approve the corresponding. A request for instructions, a batch of replies. No request, no reply. The problems involved in asking for instructions are generally urgent. Without approval, the lower authorities cannot work. Therefore, the lower level should ask the higher level for instructions on relevant issues in time, and the higher level should approve them in time.
Write beforehand. Ask for instructions should be written before the problem occurs or is handled, and no action can be taken first.
Example:
Provincial Economic Research Center awarded Liu XX
Provincial Federation of Trade Unions:
Our center is a provincial organization, responsible for the province's economic research. Because there is no trade union organization in the center, it is impossible to participate in trade union related activities in time. Recently, the Federation of Trade Unions is carrying out awards activities in the whole province. Now I will ask for instructions on Comrade Liu XX's meritorious service in our center as follows:
Liu XX, male, aged 52, graduated from 1964 University and is now an associate researcher. This comrade has been engaged in agricultural economic research for a long time and has achieved many outstanding results. He has been praised by leaders many times and has created remarkable benefits for agricultural production. In which: ×× year × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × month × day × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × day × month × day × day × month × day × day × month × day × day × month × day × month × day × day × month
According to the spirit of document 19, ××× year × month × day × month × day × month × month × day × month × month × day × month × month × month × day × month × month × month × day × month × month × month × month × day × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month ×
Above, no, please indicate.
Provincial Economic Research Center
1990 * month * day
Why do you insist on an article in the writing of instructions? The first is the official document regulation. Let me explain to you the reason: the document processing program is complicated. If more than one article is invited, there will be more competent leaders, departments and managers involved, so the processing time will drag on for a long time, which will affect efficiency.
What are the writing requirements for words? Writing of characters
Ci is born out of poetry and is more vivid than poetry. So the situation is more complicated. It is divided into the following aspects:
1, single sentence spectrum:
The single sentence spectrum of words is more complicated. Some dictionaries think that the sentence pattern of words is a cross sentence from one sentence to another, but we can also see that some eight-character, nine-character and cross sentences can be divided into one to seven sentences.
There is also a special case: a word is funny. Teasing is a pause. The so-called word teasing is a single sentence with a word as the leading case and then the following content. For example, "He Yunshan made a promise himself and was angry all his life. A man's clothes laugh against dust "(Xin Qiji's" Qinyuanchun "(a new house with a lake will become a success)), with" He "as the protagonist, leads to the later content.
2. With regard to multiple names with one voice and multiple names with one voice:
The so-called multiple names of a song refers to the phenomenon that many songs have aliases, such as Nian Nujiao, also known as No Return to the River, Dajiangdong, Dajiang Cheng, Qijiangyue, Baiziling, Slow in the Pot, Meet, etc. This is because in the process of the development of the epitaph, if the author writes a good work with this epitaph, later generations will use some parts of this work as aliases to express their commemoration of the author. Taking Nian Nujiao as an example, the first sentence "River of No Return" and the last sentence "A statue returns to the moon" are excerpted because the word "River of No Return" by Su Shi is highly praised by the world. However, some aliases are due to the characteristics of the inscription itself. For example, "Hundred Characters Order" comes from Niannujiao 100 words, and some are for the author's needs. For example, Shan Guiyao, the alias of Fishing, came from Xin Qiji's epigraph, which gave him a strange stone named Shan Gui.
A polyphony refers to the situation that a epigraph name has multiple spectral shapes. The spectrum of many polyphonic aphorisms is framed and changed. Freeze frame refers to the basic format of a word, and the change of case generally refers to the format that changes on the basis of freeze frame. This is based on the spectral form of the whole word. Some changed cases have been modified many times, or only the name of this epigraph is used, which is completely different from freeze-frame, which is also an aspect of the vividness of words.
However, some people have different situations, such as "Langtaosha", and some authors have written "Selling Flowers", such as Zhang Shunmin's "The Yueyang Tower". "There are many leaves under Junshan, and there is endless water. Pour ten times to make you look beautiful. Don't sing Yangguan unless you are from the west of Weicheng. Drunk sleeves caress dangerous columns, and the sky is light and the clouds are idle. Who will survive on this road. " Looking back at sunset, it should be Chang 'an. "However, this is not the essence of selling flowers, and Lu You has Xie Chi Manchun, who was once annexed. Clouds are high and light, and wolves fly at night. Zhu Yan's temple is green, and he is guarded by Ge Xi. Laughing at the crown of Confucianism made many mistakes. The dream of fame and fortune is shattered, but the boat belongs to Wu Chu. Sad songs, mourning the past. The smoke is endless, but you can see where Qin Guan is. " Alas, the years have passed and become a waste. "This is the essence of" selling flowers ". So what is the ontology of Xie Chichun (that is, Xie Chichun Slow)? Li Zhiyi has a poem "Xie Chichun", which says, "The residual cold disappears, the rain has passed, and after the Qingming Festival. The flower diameter is red and the wind and marsh are wrinkled. Ru Yan wears a house, flying catkins touch the sleeves. When it's sunny, it's still late. It tastes like wine. Frequency shift follows the eyes, and the space is sparse. I didn't see and think, but I saw it anyway. In order to meet more often, why not stay together for a long time? People don't get married until they are old. "Let's give this resentment to Liu in front of the court. This is the ontology of Xie Chichun (Xie Chichun Slow). Although this is an extreme example, it also illustrates the vividness of words from one side.
3. Ye Yun:
Ye () rhyme refers to the rhyme problem of words. The Ye Yun of a word is not as fixed as a poem, but only rhymes. A word can be flat, flat or flat, and the situation is complicated. We will classify aphorisms according to rhythm.
4. Classification of words:
If classified according to the number of words, those with less than 58 words are called Xiaoling, those with 59 to 90 words are called Middle Tone, and those with more than 9 1 word are called Long Tone.
According to the classification of rhyme, words can be divided into flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat and flat.
According to several parts of words, words can be divided into monosyllabic words, disyllabic words, triple words and quadruple words.
The above methods are all based on the rules of words. If words can be divided into graceful words, bold words and so on according to style, this is not the scope of our discussion.
5, step rhyme (secondary rhyme):
When we read some words (poems), we often find similar words with the title "Bu (or Zi) so-and-so rhyme". Rhyme (secondary rhyme) means that someone has a poem (poem) in front of him, and he uses his epigraph (poetic style) when writing. The rhyme foot completely adopts the rhyme foot in the work, and the order cannot be disturbed. This situation is called prosody (secondary rhyme). This situation evolved from the mutual singing and singing of literati, but the singing and singing only require the same epigraph (poetic style), and there is not much requirement for rhyme.
For example, Zhang Zhifu's Water Dragon Hidden: "Swallows are busy with warblers, but lazy with fragrance, and willows float [fall] on the embankment. Dancing, painting the green forest, no talent [thinking] idle and gossamer, quiet in the deep courtyard, Nagato [closed]. The bead curtain is loose and hangs down, leaning against the quilt in front, and the wind helps [rise]. Aquamarine people sleep, strange spring clothes, snow-dyed embroidered beds are getting full, and there are countless fragrant balls in front of the circle. The fish swallowed the pool [water] when they saw the bees sticking pink on their backs. Looking at the road of Zhangtai, the golden saddle hesitates, and there are Yingying [tears] "as the original words. Su Shi's Hidden Water Dragon (the second rhyme Zhang Zhifu's Huayang Ci) is "like a flower instead of a flower, and everyone is unwilling to learn." Leaving home by the side of the road is cruel to think about. My heart hurts, my eyes are sleepy, and I want to open [close]. Dream with the wind Wan Li, looking for lang, and was called by the warbler. I don't hate this flower flying away, and I hate that the West Garden is hard to fall red. Where are the traces when it rains? A pool of ping [broken]. Spring is divided into three parts, dust into two parts and moisture into one part. In detail, it seems that it is not Huayang, but a little bit, which makes people cry. "It is a harmonious word. These two words have exactly the same rhyme, which is a typical step rhyme (secondary rhyme). (Those marked with [] are rhymes)
6. About interlining:
The so-called interline refers to the words added on the basis of the original notation. Interlayer is different from variant case. It was added by the author according to his own wishes, and the location was random. For example, the word "leaf" in "Vertical Banana, No Rain" is an interlining. However, it is not allowed to have too many bracketed words, generally only one, which is freer than poetry. Moreover, compared with the extensive use of bracketed words in Yuanqu, the use of words is quite strict.
The writing requirements of this book require us to help you write and publish it.
5. Pay special attention to () single choice A in the writing of official document application.
What are the writing requirements of the notice? Writing requirements of "notice"
Notice is the most commonly used official document with high frequency and wide range. Commonly used notices mainly include: notice of matters, notice of meetings, notice of appointment and removal, notice of examination and approval. Notice writing usually consists of two parts: title and text.
I. Title
There are two kinds of notice titles: complete and omitted.
(1) Full title: a title with complete publishing authority, reason and language.
(2) Elliptic title: omit one of the issuing authority, cause and language as required.
Or two. There are three kinds of omitted titles:
1, omitting the issuing unit
If the title is too long, the issuing authority can be omitted. For example, the people of x x Province issued the Notice on the Economic Management Authority of County-level Cities, and this title omitted the publishing unit "People of x x Province". The notice title of the issuing authority is usually omitted. If it is a document jointly issued by two or more units, it can generally not be omitted, such as the Notice of the XX Provincial Party Committee approving the Minutes of the Discussion Meeting on the Pilot Work of Stabilizing Forest Rights and Implementing the Responsibility System for Forestry Production in the whole province.
2. Omit the issuing authority and reasons.
If the scope of the notice is small, the content is simple, and even it can be posted, the title of the notice can omit the issuing authority and reasons, and only use the word "notice". For example, the meeting notice within the unit, the political study notice and the simple work notice.
3. Omit the language
Generally, the title of official documents cannot be omitted. Forwarding notice, sometimes because the word "notice" is included in the title of the file approved for forwarding, or the title of the file approved for forwarding is relatively long, the title of the notice can generally be omitted, and the word "notice" can be omitted. For example, the people of x x Province forwarded the Notice of the State Council on the Implementation of Tenure System for Factory Directors (Managers) of State-owned Enterprises. In this case, if the language is not omitted, the phenomenon of "notice of notice" will appear, and the title will be very long and difficult to read. Sometimes, there will be a long title because of layer-by-layer forwarding, such as: "People in XX county * * * about forwarding."
Second, the text
The text of the notice includes three parts: reasons, matters and requirements. The topic is in the question section. The following are several ways to write the text of the notice.
(a) Writing of "Event Notice"
1, the beginning: generally, it is the reason and purpose of the notice, explaining why this notice was sent and what its purpose is.
2. Main part: the matters part, which lists the specific contents of the notice one by one, explains clearly the assigned work or matters that need to be understood, and explains clearly the purpose, requirements, measures and methods. Most of these notices are used to arrange work, so some people call them "work notices".
3. Conclusion: Put forward the implementation requirements, such as "Please follow", "Please earnestly implement" and "Please study and implement". Some notices have no idioms at the end.
When writing a notice, come straight to the point and don't beat around the bush. When describing the notice, we should highlight the key points and write the main and important ones first. According to the needs, the main contents can be written in detail, explaining the reasons and measures, and the secondary contents should be as short as possible.
(2) Writing of Notice of Meeting and Notice of Appointment and Removal
The contents of these two kinds of notifications are not as complicated as activity notifications and forwarding notifications, but relatively simple, brief and informative.
The contents of the meeting notice generally include: meeting name, meeting time, place, content, participants, materials and documents to be brought. The format of the meeting notice is relatively fixed, as long as the above contents are clearly written.
The writing of the appointment and removal notice is simpler than the meeting notice, and generally has a fixed format, which can be written according to the appointment and removal decision.
(3) the writing method of "forwarding notice"
The notice of approval can be called "opinions", and the published and approved documents can be regarded as the main contents of the notice. The comment on writing shows the attitude of the issuing authority and puts forward the requirements for implementation, which generally plays the role of prompt and comment.
News writing requires the writing characteristics and requirements of news reports.
(1) The theme is outstanding and the text is refined. A piece of news usually reports a fact and explains a problem.
(2) the text is concise, with facts to speak, if necessary, there can be appropriate exquisite exposition.
(3) There is usually a lead at the beginning, which briefly explains the theme or main facts of the full text, so as to attract readers' attention and give them a general concept first.
(4) The structure is tight and distinct. Generally, according to the internal relations of things, write the most important and fresh first, and then write the secondary and more secondary; It can also be written in the order of occurrence, development and change, but the main parts should be highlighted.
(5) Explain the necessary background: historical background, occurrence, development, changing environment, conditions and the connection with other things. The purpose is to explain the political significance of things more clearly through comparison and contrast. The background materials should be concise and to the point, and don't pretend to be the host. Not every piece of news needs background material.
Basic requirements of news writing:
(1) News should speak with facts.
Facts constitute the main content of news, and speaking with facts is the basic method and requirement of news writing. Facts refer to news facts and background facts, and "saying" refers to the opinions and ideas implied in facts, that is, guidance and guidance. Literary writing depends on fiction, critical writing depends on theory, and news writing depends on facts. The special value and unique function of news lies in that it can reflect some truth, viewpoint and thought by reporting objective facts, thus infecting, influencing and educating the audience. The function and power of news are actually there. Audiences love news because news facts contain the information they need to know, as well as convincing truths and ideas.
How to speak with facts?
1) Select typical facts
This is the premise and guarantee of how to speak with facts. In the face of numerous facts, we can't find everything in the basket, and we can't summarize the whole process of things and activities in no particular order of priority. Instead, we should select the most typical examples in the national process of numerous facts and activities according to the needs of news themes.
2) Exquisite narrative theory.
If the facts are chosen correctly, things can be said to be half finished, but the other half of the work can not be ignored. In the concrete expression, it requires both truth and novelty, artistic conception and three-dimensional sense, which deeply infects readers. Sometimes relying on narrative facts can't completely answer, and readers can't understand the implied meaning of facts, which requires the finishing touch, but this discussion is triggered by news facts after all, and it can't be played arbitrarily without facts.
3) Interpolation of scenes, backgrounds and characters.
This practice aims to enhance the image and appeal of news. The authenticity of news, that is, the people and scenes reported, can have an artistic portrayal that conforms to the true colors of things, so that news can be vivid and tangible. It should be said that the facts are untrue and the news is lifeless; If news is not infectious, it can't leave an unforgettable impression.
(2) News should be innovative and fast.
A striking feature of news style is that it must reflect the reality quickly, report the latest facts in time and spread the latest information to the audience. Journalists are required to be sensitive to news, understand the objective laws of things, and discover new features, new personalities and new contradictions in the changes of things, that is, discover the news value of things. Dig as much information as possible around you. Writing should be innovative and fast, but it should be conducive to improving the positive effects of society, that is, it should pay attention to both speed and timeliness. As an enterprise newspaper, we should try our best to carry forward the enterprise spirit and spread the enterprise culture. Report the company facts positively.
(3) The news should be brief.
News should be original, fast and short. There is an inevitable internal connection between them. Therefore, how to refine the theme and whether the written expression is accurate and appropriate depends on the situation.
How can news writing be brief?
1) Choose the facts carefully and refine the theme carefully.
As a message, it should be written around a theme and an event, and many specific facts can only be summarized; As a communication, a long speech is only relative to a message. It also strives to be concise, and only selects facts or materials that can highlight the theme.
2) Carefully arrange the structure and learn from fault writing.
The inverted pyramid structure in message writing is convenient for writing, deleting and reading. This is an extremely effective form created by people in the long-term news dissemination process in order to adapt to the rapid exchange of information and strive for simplicity; A method of "out of context" is popular in western press, which is used for reference by China press. This is also a powerful means to keep news writing short. This method requires each clear meaning to be segmented independently, each formed fact to be segmented independently, and each background to be segmented independently. The advancement of facts depends only on the internal logic formed between paragraphs.
3) Be concise and to the point.
News writing shows that words reflect facts, and words are the most powerful tool to express ideas. Concise, can make the article short, concise, can be concise. Every Chinese character is an information block with rich connotations. From ancient times to the present, there are countless stories of people of insight refining words and sentences, which are worth learning from journalists.
4) The language is standardized, accurate and vivid.
News language is a kind of written language, which is different from literary language, diplomatic language, scientific language and documentary language. With the special requirements of news reports, it shows its unique characteristics in wording, expression and expression. It is required to abide by the Chinese language norms, not to form words and sentences at will, to pay attention to rhetoric and logic, and not to abuse dialects and dialects. In news works, the expression of language should be standardized, vivid and contemporary.
Requirements for writing a cover letter. 1. The content is true 2. The text is concise. The language is simple. The format is standardized. The form should be innovative.
Please briefly describe the writing requirements of the contract.
The content of 1 should be specific and the terms should be comprehensive. A contract is a binding document, and the draft must be specific, and the terms should be clear and comprehensive, so as to facilitate the performance of all parties.
2. The expression should be clear, vivid, concise and accurate. The expression of the contract mainly adopts the method of explanation. According to the different contents, it is explained item by item in several clauses to be clear and distinct. The language should be concise and accurate, and the tone should be positive to prevent ambiguity caused by semantic ambiguity.
3. Write in accordance with the contract format, with clear paragraphs, accurate punctuation and clear marks. Numeric characters indicating payment of goods and articles should be capitalized Chinese characters.
4. Be careful in drafting and writing. Once the contract is signed, it shall not be modified or smeared at will. If there are mistakes or omissions on that day, the children's contract shall be revised and supplemented with the unanimous consent of all parties to the agreement, and the repair place shall be stamped with the seals of all parties to the agreement.
Please modify the following requirements to meet the writing requirements of administrative documents. Professional answer: Please modify the following requirements to meet the writing requirements of administrative documents.
X River County Taxation Bureau Archives
X Shuizi [2003] No.65438 +0
Request for instructions from Xinhe County Taxation Bureau on the tax exemption of Xinhe Flour Mill.
Xx city tax bureau:
X River Flour Mill has been enjoying duty-free care since it was put into production in 2000, with a total tax exemption of 77,000 yuan. In 2002, the actual output of the factory increased by 30% compared with the planned output, but it still lost 60 thousand yuan for the whole year.
It is understood that the factory plans to make a profit of 400,000-450,000 yuan in 2003 if the tax paying enterprises still have a certain profit. Our opinion is: continue to give tax-free care for one year and support the factory to expand production.
Please indicate whether the above explanation is correct.
Attachment: Xhe Flour Factory's request for exemption from national tax in 2003.
(Seal)
2003 1 3/month
First, the three elements of document number are: agency generation, year and document serial number, and the order cannot be reversed; The year is enclosed in hexagonal brackets; The serial number does not use the word "first".
Two, the content of the text is approved by the request, the language should be "request", can not be written as "request report".
Three. If it is difficult for this organ to decide, it can ask for instructions from the higher authorities again, but it cannot "forward" the instructions from the lower units. "Forwarding" refers to sending letters from higher authorities or organs not affiliated with higher authorities to lower units.
Four, the main body of the request consists of two levels: "reasons for asking for instructions" and "matters for instructions". The writing of instructions must have a clear point of view, and you should come up with your own views and opinions for your superiors' reference.
Five, the end of the idiom should be used accurately, pay attention to punctuation.