Official document writing and computer foundation

basic knowledge

know

First, the official document writing part

(A) the basis of official document writing

knowledge

1, official document format: master various elements of official documents and their identification rules; The elements of official documents are divided into three parts: brow, text and version record. All elements placed above the red reverse line on the front page of official documents are collectively called eyebrows; All the components below the red reverse line to the subject word (excluding) are collectively referred to as the subject; All elements placed under the subject words are collectively referred to as version notes. Eyebrow: number of official documents. Confidentiality level and duration. The degree of urgency. Identification of the issuing authority. It consists of the full name or standardized abbreviation of the issuing authority followed by "document"; Document number. The document number consists of the word, year and serial number of the issuing authority. Issuer. The official documents submitted shall indicate the name of the issuer and be arranged side by side on the right side of the document number. Body part: title. Main transmission mechanism. Official document text. Attachment. Written date. Effective identification of official documents. Notes. If there is any comment on the official document, it should be marked with 1 line in brackets with "Fang Song Ti" No.3 and "Left Space" No.2 under the written date. Version record part:

Key words:

Cc authority. Issuing authority and issuing date. Page numbers are marked with white Arabic numerals with a half angle of 4, and the marking rules of official document numbers and official documents seals in joint writing are mastered: only the document number of the organizer is required for joint writing. Joint sealing. When joint writing needs to be stamped with two seals, the date should be written, with 7 words left and right; The seal of the organizer is in front; Both seals are stamped with the date of writing, and the two seals are not intersected and tangent with each other, and the distance is not more than 3mm. When joint writing needs to be stamped with more than three seals, in order to prevent blank seals, the names of issuing authorities (abbreviated as "names") should be arranged in the corresponding positions according to the stamping order, and the seals should be stamped or overprinted on them. The seal of the organizer is in the front, with a maximum of 3 pieces in each row, and the two ends shall not exceed the core; If there are one or two seals in the last row, they are all in the middle; Seals do not intersect or are tangent to each other; At the bottom of the last row of seals, the two words on the right indicate the writing time. Understand the basic rules of document typesetting II. Type of official document: familiar with the usage norms of various languages; Master the similarities and differences between asking for instructions and reporting; Master the difference between notification and notification; Familiar with the difference between decision-making and resolution, the similarities and differences between request and report.

Same:

They all belong to the upper language, and they are all differences in reporting documents.

First of all, the report is a simple work report, reflecting the situation. Its purpose is to let the superior know the situation and grasp the dynamics, so as to strengthen the leadership and provide the basis for the decision-making of the superior leadership. Therefore, he doesn't need a reply or reply from his superiors, and he can "just look at it". On the other hand, asking for instructions is an upward document that needs the approval of the superior, asking for instructions from the superior to help solve difficulties and answer related questions, so it needs the superior to reply in time. Secondly, in the use of language, the report focuses on clarifying the situation and can only be objectively stated without obvious repetition. Repetition is a major feature of asking for instructions, especially the conclusion. In addition, in terms of writing time, requests for instructions must be written in advance and can only be handled after approval by superiors. The writing time of the report is flexible, and it can be written before, after and during the event, and more often after the event. The so-called "asking in advance and reporting afterwards" is such a situation. (5) the difference between notification and notification

"Communication" has the meaning of communication here, and notices and announcements are all informative official documents. According to the habit of understanding, communication is generally from top to bottom, so it is all in the following text. Notice is an informative language, which focuses on putting forward requirements and defining boundaries; Circular letter is a declarative official document, which focuses on the explanation and introduction of a certain thing or problem. The notice can put forward the next requirements (such as guidance notice) or not mention any requirements (information notice); The notice must have opinions and requirements for the next step. If it is a typical case that just happened, it is necessary to replace "notice" with "notification"; If it is a comprehensive situation, use "notice" instead of "notification". 3, official document language: understand the characteristics of official document language 4, official document theme and materials: official document writing should have a clear theme and specific content 5, official document writing basic skills: master the expression of time, place, quantity and measurement unit in the process of official document writing; Master the writing skills of official document titles

(1) Names, place names, time, figures and quotations in official documents must be accurate and specific. When quoting official documents, the title should be quoted first, and then the document number should be triggered. The expression of time:

The date should indicate the specific year, month and day. Unless it is unnecessary or not allowed (for confidentiality, etc.). To accurately express the time, it must be expressed in words with exact semantics, and the date should be marked with complete year, month and day, and in special circumstances, more accurate hours and minutes should be marked. Try to avoid using time pronouns such as "this year", "tomorrow", "this month" and "last month" which require other time concepts to accurately understand their meanings. It is necessary to prohibit the use of words that are difficult to draw a clear line, such as "before last month" and "after this year". All years should use the full name of the Gregorian calendar year. For example, 2006 cannot be omitted as 2006. "The title of the official document shall accurately and briefly summarize the main contents of the official document and indicate the type of the official document, and generally indicate the issuing authority. Except for the name of laws and regulations and the title of books, punctuation marks are generally not used in official document titles. " The title of an official document usually has a fixed format and generally consists of three parts: the issuing unit, the cause and the name of the language. Moreover, the preposition "about" is often used before the cause. (B) official document writing skills

part

1, mastering the writing of notice ○ issuing notice ○ means.

indicatory

Notification ○ Approval and Forwarding

notification

2. Mastering the basic rules of writing instructions and writing instructions "instructions" is an upward language used when asking for instructions and approval from superiors. According to the purpose and function of writing, "asking for instructions" can be basically divided into two categories: first, asking for instructions directly, that is, asking for instructions or approval directly from superiors or guiding organs; The second is to ask for instructions for changing jobs in batches, that is, to report the work opinions of a certain aspect to the higher level with "instructions" and request to transfer them to the relevant units for processing. title

. "Because", plus the word "seek". Words.

Generally divided into two levels: the first level, write "why ask for instructions", that is, the reason and background of asking for instructions, that is, the basis, starting point and purpose of asking for instructions. The second level is "If you have any questions, please ask for instructions". The content is relatively simple, and the full text is always written at the end, in one go; More complicated contents are expressed in a "item by item" way. final result

. "Whether it is appropriate (whether it is possible and feasible), please give instructions" or "If there is nothing wrong with the above, please forward it to the relevant units for implementation". 3. Be familiar with the writing of meeting minutes and the difference between meeting minutes and meeting minutes. 4. Be familiar with the writing of the notice. 5. Be familiar with the writing of work letters. 6. Master the recommended bibliography of work plan and work summary;

"Official Document Writing" Author: Yue China Yanshi Publishing House published the second issue in 2004. Computer application part.

(1) Basic knowledge of computer

Knowledge (1

0%)

1. Composition of computer system: hardware system and software system; Hardware system: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input and output equipment and other auxiliary equipment; Software system: system software and application software. 2. Data representation inside the computer: binary 3. Basic working principle of computer: stored program principle, that is, the corresponding operation is automatically completed under the control of the program. 4. Computer virus: a destructive computer program. (2) Windows

Operating system (25%)

1. The concept of operating system: a set of programs used to manage and control computer hardware and software resources, which is the interface between computer hardware and other software, and also the interface between users and computers. 2. Features of 2.Windows: multi-window technology, menu technology and online help technology. 3. Definition of file: a collection of information given by users and stored on disk media. 4. Classification of documents: program documents (such as. Exe and. Com) and data files (such as dat, etc. 5. How to switch between Chinese and English input in 5.Windows: Ctrl+Speace6. How do applications exchange information in Windows: Clipboard 7. Function of recycle bin: Recover deleted files.

Software (25%)

1. Functions of word software: word processing II. Usage of Word software: omitted 3. Default extension of Word file:. File 4. The difference between "cut" and "copy" in Word software 5. Typesetting Skills of Word (4) Excel

Software (20%)

The function of 1.Excel software: making and editing spreadsheets. 2. The use of 2.Excel software: omitted. 3. Default extension of 3.Excel file:. XLS4。 The use of summation and sorting in Excel software. 5. What to do before sorting and summarizing in Excel software: sorting (5) PowerPoint.

Software (5%)

The function of 1.PowerPoint software: making slide 2. The use of PowerPoint software: omitted 3. The default extension of PowerPoint file: ppt4 Shortcut for playing presentations in PowerPoint software: F5 5. A shortcut to stop playing presentations in PowerPoint software: Esc (6) computer network.

basis

Knowledge (5%)

1. Definition of computer network: A system that connects computers with independent functions through communication devices and transmission media, and realizes resource sharing and information exchange between computers with the support of communication software. 2. Networks are divided into local area network, metropolitan area network and wide area network according to their coverage. 3. What is the Internet? 4. The meanings of important and commonly used domain names: cn (China), com (Ministry of Commerce), gov (government department), net (network organization) and edu (Ministry of Education). 5. In which part of the computer is the physical address stored? 7. Network card information.

1, information system security protection strategy of State Grid Corporation of China: dual-machine and dual-network, partition and sub-domain, hierarchical protection and multi-layer defense. 2. System password modification interval: 3 months (8) Application system (5%)

1, meaning of ERP: enterprise resource planning 2, meaning of SG 186: Information system architecture of State Grid Corporation includes 1 integrated information platform, 8 business systems and 6 security systems. 3. The meaning of 3.PMS: the scope of production management system:

In 2006, China Electric Power Publishing House published the second edition of Practical Course of Computer Rank Examination of State Grid Corporation.

Explanation of basic computer terms

Electronic digital integral computer, computer-aided teaching, computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing

Computer-aided manufacturing, CAT- computer-aided testing, ASCII code-American standard information interchange code, basically centralized.

Including 128 characters and control symbols, computer viruses-destructive special programs, hackers-illegally invade.

A person's system is vandalized by others-hardware-all kinds of physical equipment and software that make up a computer-is used in the computer.

Various programs used and their documents (programs and documents), computer systems-hardware systems and software systems.

System, CPU- central processing unit (microprocessor), consists of arithmetic unit, controller and some registers, ROM- read only memory.

Devices (PROM, EPROM, EEPROM), RAM- Random Access Memory (DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM), RAM refresh-rewriting data or

Charging, cache- cache memory, between CPU and memory, the fastest access speed, BIOS- basic input and output.

Outside the system, CMOS- system installer, CD-ROM- read-only optical drive or CD-ROM OS- operating system, DOS- disk.

Operating system (16-bit character interface operating system), PC- personal computer MPC- multimedia computer, bus-public.

Computer information channel consists of a group of transmission lines, which can be divided into data bus, control bus and address bus.

Graphics accelerator card PCI- local bus interface, track-a series of concentric sectors on the disk surface-adjacent tracks.

Sector and track density (TPI) surrounded by equally divided arc segments-number of tracks per inch and bit density along the track radius.

Degree (BPI)-the number of binary digits per inch along the track direction, and the word length-the ——CPU reads/writes binary at a time.

The number of bits of data, MIPS- millions of instructions per second, operation speed unit program-a collection of several instructions or commands, refers to

Sequence-A set of binary codes consisting of operation code and address code. Instruction system-the basic instruction set, that is, calculation.

The symbol of machine stored program, machine language-a language composed of binary codes, is directly recognized and recognized by computer hardware.

The language of execution, the low-level language-machine language and assembly language, and the execution mode of high-level language programs-interpretation and compilation,

Operating system (OS)- used to manage computer hardware and software resources, control computer workflow and facilitate users.

The sum of a series of programs that use a computer. File-A named set of related information. It can be a program or a document.

Files, sounds, animations, etc. , Directory or Folder-Storage space for storing information such as file names and file attributes, the highest-level directory.

For the root directory, path-a series of directory names indicating the location of files or subdirectories, path types absolute paths and.

Relative path folder structure-tree hierarchy, Windows-Windows operating system or graphical interface operating system.

(32-bit graphical interface operating system), desktop-a computer with Windows installed, the whole computer screen after successful startup,

Window-a rectangular area on the desktop, which is the symbol of Windows running programs. There are two types of windows: program window and document window.

The document window can only be contained in the program window, the active window or the current window (the window being used or operated).

You can open multiple windows, but there is only one active window (current window or foreground window) and one dialog box-dialog box.

Rectangular area, but it is a human-computer interaction interface. There is no menu bar and toolbar in the dialog box, and the dialog box cannot be resized. wizard

-that is, a series of dialogs and menus-is a collection of operation commands. There are four kinds of menus in Windows, the start menu,

Window menu, shortcut menu and control menu. Toolbars are graphical buttons for some menu commands. ，Windows。

System icons-my computer, the recycle bin and my online neighbors, which are not allowed to be deleted and the recycle bin is not allowed to be renamed. , DOS text.

Naming rules -8.3 format (basic name. Extension), the number of characters of long file names in Windows-the longest is 255 words.

Operator, soft keyboard-also called dynamic keyboard-is a window keyboard provided by windows for mouse to input characters. * * * There are 13 types.

Recycle Bin-A storage area on the hard disk dedicated to temporarily storing deleted files, folders and other objects on the hard disk. Clipboard-

A storage area in memory for sharing data between applications. Windows only cuts and pastes once.

Board, Office2000 has 12 clipboard, copy (CTRL+C)- send the selected object to the clipboard, keep the original object, and cut.

Cut (Ctrl+X)- Send the selected object to the clipboard, delete the original object after pasting, and paste (Ctrl+V)- From the clipboard.

Write the cut or copied object in the specified position in the board, WORD template-a special file that exposes the content and typesetting style.

(.DOT) and style are a set of typesetting commands, and the application of style can realize typesetting function. Workbook.-Yes

EXCEL file (. XLS), composed of worksheets, which is the basic unit of EXCEL to store data and consists of 65536.

Row, 256 columns, that is, 65536x256 =16777216 cells, active cell-cell for data input (positive

In the cell used), the active cell can be switched to change, cell reference-that is, calling the cell with the cell name.

The data stored in, the reference types are: absolute reference, relative references and mixed reference, and the data filtering type is Excel-from.

Dynamic filtering and advanced filtering, the type of Excel chart-embedded chart and independent chart, main-is a special slide.

Film, mainly controlling the title and box format, PowerPoint viewing mode-normal, outline, slide show, slide show.

Browse, slide show and notes page, view mode in WORD- normal, outline, web page, web page layout international standard.

ISO OSI/RM- open system interconnect WWW- World Wide Web Email-Email

Software, FTP- File Transfer Protocol telnet- Remote Login TCP/IP- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

Website-Uniform Resource Locator-LAN-MAN-Internet-China

Internet ISP-internet service provider, DNS-domain name system BBS-bulletin board network adapter.

—— IP address of network card —— identification name of networked computer, which consists of 32-bit binary numbers. POP3-post office protocol (continued)

Receiving Protocol) SMTP- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Sending Protocol) ADSL- Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line HTML-Super

Text Markup Language, namely-WWW browser outlook express- E-mail client software.

Http- hypertext transfer protocol modem-modem, I/O- input/output device alu- arithmetic logic

Components UPS- Uninterruptible Power Supply, P4 CPU- Pentium IV Processor FAT- File Allocation Table