As an important media, Baidu shoulders an important historical mission! Seven measures to build a harmonious socialist society
China's experience of reform and opening up for more than 30 years, as well as the positive and negative experiences and lessons of other countries, show that reducing low-income groups and expanding middle-income groups, while encouraging people to get rich legally and reasonably, using financial, taxation, security, welfare and assistance tools to carry out social integration and social adjustment, and correctly handling various social contradictions are important guarantees for strengthening social unity and realizing social stability. At present, we should pay special attention to the following seven aspects: 1, reverse the situation of excessive upward concentration of financial resources, strengthen transfer payments, and alleviate financial difficulties at the grassroots level. At present, the county and township financial revenue accounts for more than 20% of the total national financial revenue, while the county and township financial support personnel account for about 70% of the total national financial support personnel. Since the 1994 tax sharing system, the proportion of central fiscal revenue and provincial fiscal revenue in the national fiscal revenue has more than doubled. According to estimates, the national township finance has to pay about 250 billion yuan for the salaries of township civil servants, subsidies for village cadres, maintenance and construction of public products, office expenses, subsidies for needy households and interest on debts. However, the fiscal revenue that the township can legally obtain is less than 654.38+000 billion yuan, and it can only rely on the so-called "income generation" and various excuses to charge the following to maintain the operation of the political power, resulting in tension between the grassroots cadres and the masses. At present, there is a "world of difference" between the financial income of poor towns and rich towns, and the financial resources of towns and villages operating in debt are estimated to account for 2/3 of the national towns and villages. A considerable number of towns and villages have to rely on "fiscal idling" (paying loans to county-level finance), "buying taxes" (spending money to dig tax sources in other places) and "paying taxes" (paying taxes in the name of individuals or towns). Even so, many towns and villages are often in arrears with wages. Hotels around the central and provincial authorities are often full of local governments that want to "run money". According to experts' estimation, the total debt at the grassroots level below the county level (including the county) has exceeded 800 billion yuan. Therefore, it is necessary to control the central and provincial financial expenditures and alleviate the financial tension at the grassroots level. harmonious socialist society
2. Continue to strengthen anti-corruption and anti-bribery.
To gradually straighten out the order of income distribution, it is necessary to gradually reverse the huge wage gap between party and government organs, people's organizations and fully funded institutions, and implement a transparent and monitorable "sunshine wage". In different regions, wages at the same level can be adjusted according to prices and consumption levels. The state and local finance should ensure the normal operation of the political power, and the departments fully funded by the state should not carry out so-called "income generation" and income distribution other than wages, and strictly "two lines of revenue and expenditure". National civil servants shall implement a personal property registration system and establish a property inspection system for civil servants' appointment, resignation and job change.
3. Improve the personal income tax system and strengthen tax enforcement.
We will crack down on illegal enrichment and establish a system to appropriately raise the baseline of individual income tax collection according to the growth of income level. Improve the personal income tax system, change the current situation of decoupling income tax collection from residents' consumption, and establish a universal annual declaration system for personal income tax. Strengthen tax collection and management, improve the technical level of tax management and supervision, and strengthen supervision over tax evasion, tax evasion and tax avoidance. 4. Change the backwardness of rural areas, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and reduce poverty. We must strive to fundamentally reverse the excessive and widening gap between urban and rural areas, continue to strengthen measures to increase farmers' income, gradually change the gap between the average income and consumption of urban and rural residents for more than 20 years, connect the chain of urban production and rural consumption, and improve and reform the compensation system for expropriation of farmers' land. Integrate the existing rural poverty alleviation system, the "five guarantees" support system, the rural cooperative medical system and the pilot rural old-age subsidy system to implement the birth policy, and establish the basic framework of the rural social security system with "low level and wide coverage"; In line with the UN Millennium Development Goals, we will implement a new poverty reduction plan, and strive to greatly reduce the rural poor population in the next 15 year, which is currently calculated according to international standards.
5. Promote urbanization and change the employment structure.
Seize the "population development opportunity" of China's working-age population with a low social dependency coefficient and a population age structure of "big in the middle (working-age population) and small at both ends (old people and minors)", take expanding employment as an important goal of economic and social development, make full use of China's comparative advantage of huge human resources development potential, adapt to the upgrading of industrial structure, and promote the transformation of employment structure. We will strive to transfer the surplus agricultural labor force to about 65,438 billion people in the next 15 year, increase the employment ratio of the tertiary industry from about 30% to about 50%, and increase the urbanization rate from about 40% to about 60%.
6. Change "a country with a large population" into a country with a large human resource.
Taking "people-oriented, investing in people" as a national strategic choice to improve the quality of the population and establish a "big country with human resources"; Vigorously develop basic education, encourage private capital to invest in education, and increase the proportion of people with higher education from the current 8% to 20 10/2%; Improve the medical and health level, and the proportion of serving doctors will increase from the current 1.6% to 2.0% in 20 10; Constantly improve the social security system and gradually expand the coverage of social security.
7. Establish a conservation-oriented society for all.
In order to gradually reverse the shortage of resources per capita and the deterioration of the ecological environment in China, we should save resources in production and life, improve the efficiency of resource use, vigorously reduce environmental pollution in air, water and soil, and strive to achieve "zero growth" in resource and energy consumption rate and ecological environment degradation rate. All kinds of new development opportunities and influencing factors show that China is likely to break the past rule that the average economic growth rate of 10% is difficult to exceed 20 years and enter a new round of high-speed economic growth cycle. In the next 15 years, as long as we can ensure the stability and continuous improvement of social order and political system, China will achieve new achievements that attract worldwide attention and make special contributions to international development experience.
Edit the overall objective of this paragraph.
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the strategic goal of building a harmonious society. In 2005, the social blue book, entitled "Building a Harmonious Society: China under the Guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development", analyzed the social development in 2004 and some social development trends in 2005, and put forward the overall goal of building a harmonious society. The overall goal of building a harmonious society in China should be to expand the middle class, reduce low-income and poor groups, straighten out the income distribution order, severely crack down on corruption and illegal enrichment, increase the government's transfer payment, take expanding employment as an important goal of development, strive to improve social relations and labor relations, correctly handle various social contradictions under the new situation, and strive to build a more happy, just, harmonious, economical and energetic all-round well-off society!
Edit the four points of this paragraph.
The decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward an important new concept of building a harmonious socialist society. "Harmony" has become the main theme of China's strategic opportunity period. Therefore, grasping the key point of "harmonious society" from a deeper theoretical level has immediately become the focus of attention. China society is in the process of rapid transformation. Transformation is for development, and the goal of development is to develop a harmonious society. At the same time, development also needs to be based on harmony and conditions. Disharmonious and difficult to develop. The transition period can be a golden period of economic growth, and it can also be a period of high incidence of social contradictions. This contradiction is a difficult problem before us. How to build a harmonious society? This must start with several basic questions about harmony. harmonious socialist society
First, to achieve harmony between social classes "Birds of a feather flock together, people are divided into groups" Since the disintegration of primitive society, different interest groups, different classes and strata have appeared in human beings. The disparity in wealth possession leads to disharmony and even sharp opposition between classes. In China, the irreconcilable two hostile classes have basically disappeared. There is no fundamental conflict of interest, so there is no need to die. All China people may become laborers and builders of the Republic, or at least patriots. In recent 20 years, different social strata in China have been divided and combined due to their different positions and roles in the reform process. The emergence of new interest groups will inevitably lead to various contradictions in the process of safeguarding their vested interests and expected interests. How to solve these contradictions in order to achieve the harmony of social class structure is a problem that needs serious consideration. Some scholars believe that according to the distribution of high, low and middle income, there may be three trends in China's social stratum structure: first, through appropriate systems and policies, the distribution of social stratum has changed from "onion-shaped" rich and poor to "olive-shaped" rich and poor with a lot of middle income; Second, the system and policies are not suitable, and continue to maintain the "onion type"; Third, if there are major mistakes in system and policy reform, it will degenerate from "onion type" to "candlestick type" with fewer rich people and more poor people. The first trend is relatively harmonious, which is self-evident and conducive to stability. From the hypothesis of scholars, it is not difficult to see that it is institutional factors that directly affect the change of social stratum structure. If the system is not perfect, it will be impossible to form the ideal state of social stratum structure, and it will also be impossible to realize the harmony of its structure. Second, the use of social organizations to achieve a harmonious society. In order to achieve certain goals, social groups formed by coordinating and combining their behaviors are called social organizations. The emergence of non-profit organizations (that is, the "third sector" outside the government and the market) is an important change in China's social transformation period. In fact, "government", "market" and "the third sector" must exist, and their relations are complementary. Therefore, what we need to pay most attention to is how to coordinate the three problems, because only by achieving harmony among the three can we realize the optimal allocation of resources. Undoubtedly, this still needs the improvement and adjustment of the system. The vertical proportion of social organizations in China has increased, but the horizontal proportion is too small. The number of clubs per thousand people is only a small part of some countries, even a few tenths. Social organization is a harmonious environment between people and society, and also the basic unit of social harmony. Of course, harmony lies in the ingenious operation. We should learn to use social organizations to achieve social harmony. Thirdly, starting with the adjustment of social structure, building a harmonious society is the most typical and prominent problem in China's social structure. Since the reform, the national policy has provided relatively free activity space for the rural population. Farmers flooded into cities to make a living. In this state, the urban-rural dual structure seems to have disappeared. Surprisingly, the gap between urban and rural areas is widening. On the one hand, the household registration system still restricts every living condition of citizens and farmers from birth to death; On the other hand, farmers do not have the same opportunities as urban residents. Their employment and education are restricted by social capital and their own human capital. In this way, on the one hand, there is still an obvious urban-rural dual structure in China society; On the other hand, the potential urban dual structure consists of two parts: the space formed by the citizen relationship network and the space formed by the farmer relationship network. The existence of this potential structure fundamentally affects the harmonious development of social structure. Obviously, the key to break this dual structure is to start with the system. Fourth, the key lies in institutional innovation. There are indeed many discordant noises in the melody of China's social transformation. But social harmony is achieved in the process of gradually eliminating various disharmonious factors. If there is no disharmony, why should we study and build a harmonious society? Everyone who makes a difference should seize the opportunity of building a harmonious society and make contributions to institutional innovation in view of the imperfection of the system during the social transformation period. Institutional innovation cannot be separated from theoretical support. Harmonious thinking is called order or balance in the context of sociology. It can be said that Marx, a social thinker, and Comte, the originator of sociology, have elaborated on "harmony" in detail. Marx used several "comprehensiveness" and "freedom" in his critique of political economy, that is, "harmony" to describe the advanced social form. Talcott Parsons, an American sociologist, can be said to be a master of equilibrium theory. In his book The Structure of Social Action, he pointed out that different elements in the social system are rationally absorbed under various conditions to solve social problems. He believes that standardizing behavior and social order and building a harmonious socialist society.
Make people's subjective will obey the rules and value system. It is precisely because of the normative factors of society that the actual society as a whole is in a relatively harmonious state, not a state of war. This view is obviously in line with the reality of China. At present, China is in a transitional period, and when there is no perfect "normative factor", there will be disharmony. Therefore, whether in reality or in theory, the key to eliminate these disharmonies is to start with the system. It is worth noting that the system here includes both formal and informal systems. In Parsons' context, it is called norms and values. Political discourse corresponds to the rule of law and the rule of virtue. Therefore, institutional innovation should start from the formal system and informal system, or from the aspects of rule of law, discipline, rule of virtue and customary system. While continuing to promote the construction and improvement of the market economic system, we should strive to establish and improve China's democratic political system. We have every reason to believe that as long as these solid foundations are laid from a macro perspective, "disharmony" will lose its foundation of existence. A harmonious socialist society is just around the corner.
Editing this paragraph is of great significance.
The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward "more harmonious society" as one of the goals of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward "improving the ability to build a harmonious socialist society" as an important aspect of the party's ruling ability, which is the first time in the history of our party. The proposition of this important thesis is an important enrichment and development of Marxist theory, and it is another theoretical sublimation of our party on what socialism is and how to build it. Understanding and grasping the rich connotation of building a harmonious socialist society is of great significance for us to fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, promote the coordinated development and all-round progress of China's economy and society, and realize the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The construction of a harmonious socialist society put forward by the CPC Central Committee is the overall layout of China's socialist modernization, which has expanded from the trinity of developing socialist market economy, socialist democratic politics and advanced socialist culture to include the content of a harmonious socialist society, and has achieved a leap in the quaternity. Building a harmonious socialist society is an important strategic measure for our Party to conform to historical development and change and promote the great cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is an inevitable requirement of China's economic and social development in the special historical period of system transition and social transformation, an inevitable requirement of meeting the people's growing material and cultural needs, an inevitable requirement of consolidating the social foundation and realizing the historical task of the Party's governance, and an inevitable requirement of comprehensively implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and realizing the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Human society is a historical process from low level to high level. Building a harmonious society of equality, mutual assistance and coordination has always been a beautiful pursuit of mankind. In the Manifesto of the Productive Party, Marx clearly pointed out: "What will replace the old bourgeois society with class and class opposition will be such a consortium, in which the free development of everyone is the condition for the free development of all people." Marx's exposition on the combination of free people and the all-round free development of human beings refers to the target model of a high-level harmonious society in the future. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the idea of "building a harmonious socialist society", which gradually turned Marx's scientific exposition into reality. This fully meets the requirements of the law of human historical development and is another major theoretical innovation for our party to promote the great cause in the new period. According to the basic principles of Marxism and the practical experience of China's socialist construction, according to the new requirements of China's economic and social development in the new century and the new trends and characteristics of China society, the socialist harmonious society we want to build should be a society with democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and friendship, full of vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature. Building a harmonious socialist society is determined by the fundamental purpose of our party to serve the people wholeheartedly, which not only embodies the "short-term purpose and interests" of the broad masses of the people, but also embodies the "future" interests of the broad masses of the people. Fully meet the requirements of "Theory of Three Represents". In the new period and new stage, if our party wants to maintain its advanced nature, consolidate its ruling position and improve its ruling ability, it must strive to realize the people's desire for social stability and harmony. Only in this way can we win the support of the people and socialism be full of vitality. At present, China's reform and development is in a critical period. The reform involves economic, political, cultural and other fields in breadth and touches people's specific economic interests in depth. In terms of development, from the simple pursuit of GDP to the pursuit of humanistic GDP and environmental GDP, the coordinated development of population, resources and environment is realized. International experience shows that when a country's per capita GDP reaches $65,438+0,000 to $3,000, it is both a golden period of development and a period of prominent contradictions. If it is handled well, it will develop smoothly and the economy will soon reach a new level. If it is not handled well, the economy will stagnate or retrogress. At present, China has entered the stage of per capita GDP 1 1,000 USD. In order to avoid possible economic and social problems, consolidate the achievements of reform and development, and promote sustainable economic development, we should actively maintain social stability, promote social harmony, reconstruct social structure, improve social organizations, adjust social relations, give full play to the creative vitality of all social strata, groups and organizations, resolve various contradictions and problems, build a socialist harmonious society, and make the whole society form a joint force. Building a harmonious socialist society must be guided by Scientific Outlook on Development. Scientific Outlook on Development is an important guiding ideology for building a well-off society in an all-round way and promoting socialist modernization, and building a harmonious socialist society is an important content of building a well-off society in an all-round way. In the new historical period, we should adhere to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, constantly improve our ability to build a harmonious socialist society and realize the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. With the continuous progress of human society and the continuous improvement of productivity, the wave of economic development has swept the world. In today's world, peace is the mainstream of development. Human civilization is constantly replacing evil and war. People yearn for democracy, freedom and harmony, and opposing war to build a harmonious world has become the development trend of human history in the world. Socialist harmonious China will work hard to build a harmonious world according to Scientific Outlook on Development's theory!