The so-called gender consciousness means not only realizing the innate differences between men and women in physiology, but also realizing that men and women should have the same personality, equal dignity, equal rights and equal opportunities as human beings, so as to eliminate the traditional gender concept of "men are strong and women are weak" and promote gender equality. Analyzing the current entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial atmosphere and entrepreneurial policies from the perspective of gender awareness is a concrete manifestation of achieving gender equality, developing small and medium-sized enterprises and promoting full employment in the new period.
First, formulate policies and regulations to support women entrepreneurs in SMEs.
According to statistics, the economic benefits of the enterprises where female entrepreneurs work are relatively good, and the income level of female entrepreneurs is slightly higher than that of male entrepreneurs. From the perspective of self-evaluation, female entrepreneurs think that they are more competent than male entrepreneurs and more satisfied with their economic, social and political status.
Case 1: Yan Qi, Chairman of Chongqing taoranju Food Culture Group: I used to be an accountant in the insurance industry and have more than ten years of accounting experience. I think women are fully capable of independently engaging in the same career as men and achieving success. The key is that women must choose the industry that suits them. I started to open karaoke bars in the sea, and achieved good results with my understanding, sincerity and enthusiasm. Then I invested 300,000 yuan to open a restaurant, started with five tables, and began to set foot in the catering industry, expanding the scale of the restaurant to 1000 square meters, so as to occupy a place in the catering industry. At the same time, I am not satisfied with my current success. Now I have more than 40 direct-operated, cooperative and franchise stores all over the country. At present, we are preparing to open direct stores in Beijing and Shanghai, and make unremitting efforts for the cause of "taoranju" to a new level. I think we should do a good job and not blindly expand. After the goal is determined, it is necessary to become stronger and bigger, and the later development of the project must be planned in detail. At the same time, at work, relying on their own expertise and unique understanding and coordination of women, I explored a set of effective management methods in personnel and finance, and achieved success in practice.
Case 2: Adrian Xu, General Manager of Chongqing Kangman Women's Club: As early as when I was an obstetrician in the Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, I decided that women should get the best care through their own efforts. Since the Fifth People's Hospital called in sick to apply for a job in a foreign company, I firmly believe that I can adapt to the future social development. So, I officially resigned on 1993. After working in a foreign company for two years, I became more clear about my development goals, made a plan of "giving special care to a group of people with financial strength in Chongqing", and started to co-organize a "medical insurance center" with the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University to implement membership service. Innovative operation and management have made the "first bucket of gold" for entrepreneurship. 1999, I founded "Kang Hua Community Hospital" in Nanyuan. Strict and standardized management won the titles of "National People's Trust Hospital" and "Chongqing Model Community Hospital". "Kangman Women's Club" is being established to realize the conditioning and care for women from the inside out. I'm going to turn the club into a women's activity center focusing on medical treatment and taking care of beauty and fitness. By holding women's salons and other activities, the taste and quality of Chongqing women will be improved, so that Chongqing women can have first-class quality and first-class taste.
As can be seen from the above examples, although successful female entrepreneurs have different entrepreneurial experiences, they all choose industries they are familiar with, such as catering, wholesale and retail trade and social services, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and their chances of success are relatively high. At the same time, women's natural intuition determines that they have unparalleled advantages and specialties in management. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to formulate special policies and regulations to support female entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized enterprises. First, it is necessary to define and divide "female enterprises". In the definition, men and women should be distinguished according to their participation in investment and management. In other words, female enterprises are divided according to the personal contribution, shareholding ratio and responsibility of participating in management of female citizens in China. The specific division criteria can be formulated by the management departments of small and medium-sized enterprises in government organizations at all levels in consultation with women's federations and women workers' committees, private associations and financial and taxation departments. Secondly, policies to support women's entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized enterprises can include various preferential policies, such as discount micro-loans, low-interest loans, loans for special funds for women's entrepreneurship, reduction and exemption of registration fees, tax relief, etc. You can also enjoy the social security provided by the state to female entrepreneurs for old-age or bankruptcy; Can organize exchange visits at home and abroad and provide management training opportunities. In short, all kinds of preferential policies for "female enterprises" are formulated and implemented in practice.
Second, establish an organizational network to support women's entrepreneurial development.
Case 3: Yu Huimin, director of Chongqing Hongqi Kindergarten, national model worker and reemployment star of laid-off workers: I used to be a kindergarten teacher in a large state-owned enterprise. I was laid off when I was 43. After being laid off, I was forced by life. I used to shine shoes and wash dishes for restaurants. Later, I went to work in a rural kindergarten. After hard work, I was hired as the director a year later. From the experience of working in kindergarten, I was inspired: rural people can also run kindergartens, and I graduated from kindergarten teachers. Why not? So I found the right starting point and started my own kindergarten in the suburbs. And with the spirit of honesty and pragmatism, it has been recognized by the society. Later, on the basis of the original kindergarten, I opened a kindergarten for disabled children and children of laid-off workers, which was also a great success. His entrepreneurial experience has been reported in newspapers many times and received by national leaders. In the process of starting a business, I can't do without the care and support of leaders at all levels. It is the "One Help One" activity of the Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce that gives me social support and career development. At the same time, I don't think being laid off is terrible. We must not be pessimistic and disappointed. We must firmly believe that the road is at our feet. As long as we have a heart to do things, it is possible to do them well. Opportunities are for those who are prepared.
Dean Yu is one of many laid-off women workers. With the help and care of the government, she became the darling and model of laid-off women workers. From her successful experience, we found that without the "One Help One" activity of the Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce and the support of the government, her chances of success would be greatly reduced, and the scale of enterprise development would not be as large as it is now. Therefore, from another perspective, in order to achieve more unemployed entrepreneurs, if a bridge is built between the government and female entrepreneurs in addition to the government's support, the purpose is to implement the government's preferential policies, feedback the requirements of female entrepreneurs, explore women's unique difficulties, analyze market changes, and share successful entrepreneurial experience. Especially the guidance and consultation on the selection before starting a business and the market development of products during starting a business. Undoubtedly, it will play an irreplaceable role. This bridge is an organizational network that supports the development of women's entrepreneurship. Women's federations at all levels under the All-China Women's Federation should bear the main responsibility and share the leadership responsibility with the small and medium-sized enterprise management institutions of governments at all levels.
Third, carry out women's entrepreneurship development knowledge training.
Case 4: Liu Lu, General Manager of Chongqing Xing Hang Glass Technology Co., Ltd.: I have more than ten years' working experience as a factory director, producing special glass. My newly developed stained glass has a broad international market. Most of the vice presidents of my enterprise are men. I think a woman must be operable, cohesive and persuasive to make men make decisions together. Although today's society is still a male world and women still play a supporting role, not all women are worse than men. The era of competition has brought opportunities to women's entrepreneurship, but also requires women to keep learning, broaden their horizons and update their concepts. After studying MBA in Tsinghua, I broadened my horizons and learned a lot from my teachers and classmates, especially new ideas. I think the only thing that binds women's entrepreneurial ideas is the backward concept. If Chongqing enterprises want to enter the international market, they must have new ideas and greatly improve their personal quality.
From the above cases, we find the importance of women's quality in women's entrepreneurship. With the continuous development of social economy, more requirements are put forward for female entrepreneurs. It is not only the traditional careful calculation and good interpersonal communication, but also whether entrepreneurs can use new technology, new knowledge, new technology and new enterprise management mode to develop new products and carry out pioneering innovation in enterprises. Therefore, training is particularly important for women who lack new scientific and technological knowledge more than men. The training content reflects the characteristics of caring for and supporting women, and the necessary knowledge for women's entrepreneurship, such as psychological endurance, communication and cooperation ability, market evaluation ability to ensure the success of entrepreneurship, and application ability of new knowledge and skills. Try to take care of women's characteristics in time, give priority to spare time, and combine teaching with self-study.
Fourth, create a social atmosphere and mechanism for the development of women's entrepreneurship.
In case 3, Yu Yuanchang said that in the process of starting a business and after her success, her entrepreneurial experience was reported by various newspapers and magazines, which aroused strong repercussions in society. Many laid-off women workers have joined her team or started their own kindergartens, most of which have achieved good economic and social benefits. Therefore, in the process of women's entrepreneurship, while strengthening their self-improvement, the whole society should create a public opinion, form an atmosphere and create a good mechanism for women's entrepreneurship:
First of all, let female entrepreneurs know their position. In the face of opportunities, we should be "not in a hurry", know how much room there is for subjective and objective efforts, and know how to make characteristics in our own fields and become stronger and bigger. Secondly, it is necessary to gain the recognition and care of male society. Including relatives, friends and social workers, should form a kind of care for women entrepreneurs, care about their growth and help them overcome the difficulties in the process of starting a business. Therefore, mass media should be used to publicize women's entrepreneurial spirit, form a social atmosphere to support women's entrepreneurship, and promote the success and development of women's entrepreneurship.