The administrative organ is the most typical form of administrative organization in China. The system of administrative organs in China is mainly composed of the following administrative organs.
First, the highest state administrative organ
According to the laws of the country, the government agency whose activities cover the whole country and lead and direct the national administrative work in a unified way is called the highest state administrative organ, also known as the central administrative organ or the central government. The highest administrative organ also includes its constituent departments, directly affiliated institutions or offices.
1, the State Council. In other words, the Central People's Government is the executive organ of the highest organ of state power. The State Council is directly established by the Constitution. The State Council implements the responsibility system of the Prime Minister. All ministries and commissions implement the responsibility system of ministers and directors.
The State Council meeting is divided into the State Council plenary meeting and the State Council executive meeting. The plenary session of the State Council is composed of all members of the State Council. The executive meeting of the State Council is composed of the Prime Minister, Vice Premiers, State Councillors and the Secretary-General. The Premier convened and presided over the plenary session of the State Council and the executive meeting of the State Council. Major issues in the State Council's work must be discussed and decided by the the State Council executive meeting or the the State Council plenary meeting.
2. Composition of the State Council.
1) personnel. The State Council is composed of the following personnel: the Prime Minister, several deputy prime ministers, several State Councillors, ministers of ministries, directors of committees, the Auditor-General and the Secretary-General.
2) Structure. The administrative departments of the State Council include: General Office of the State Council, ministries and commissions of the State Council, directly affiliated institutions of the State Council, General Office of the State Council, state administrative agencies managed by ministries and commissions of the State Council, and deliberation and coordination institutions of the State Council.
At present, the State Council has 22 ministries and commissions, 5 committees, 17 directly affiliated institutions, 6 offices, 10 national bureaus managed by ministries and commissions in the State Council, and more than 40 the State Council deliberation and coordination bodies.
In addition to the above-mentioned institutions, the State Council also has agencies in two special administrative regions: the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Office of the Central People's Government in the Macao Special Administrative Region.
Two. Local administrative organs at all levels
Local administrative organs refer to government organs that exercise administrative power in a certain area, generally referring to local governments at all levels in a country, including functional departments of local governments at all levels and their directly affiliated institutions and offices. Consistent with China's administrative divisions, China's local people's governments are divided into four levels: provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) people's governments, city (state) people's governments, county (district, banner) people's governments, and township (town) people's governments. Local people's governments at all levels are the executive organs of local people's congresses at all levels and the local state administrative organs at all levels. Local people's governments at all levels implement a dual subordinate system: that is, they are subordinate to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels, responsible for and reporting on their work to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels, subordinate to the state administrative organs at the next higher level, responsible for and reporting on their work to the administrative organs at the next higher level, and accept the unified leadership of the State Council.
Local people's governments at all levels are composed of heads of governments at all levels and deputy heads of government departments. Township people's governments only have townships, deputy townships, mayors and deputy mayors, and there is no special department. Local people's governments at all levels implement the head responsibility system. Local people's governments at or above the county level also set up plenary meetings and executive meetings. The establishment of working departments of local people's governments shall be decided by the people's governments at the corresponding levels and reported to the people's governments at the next higher level for approval. The working departments of local people's governments are usually under the unified leadership of the people's governments at the same level, and are also under the leadership or professional guidance of the competent departments of the people's governments at the next higher level.
Three. Special administrative region government
China Special Administrative Region (SAR) is a local administrative region established in accordance with the Constitution and enjoying a high degree of autonomy, which is directly under the Central People's Government. At present, China has two special administrative regions, Hongkong and Macau.
The government of the Special Administrative Region and the Central People's Government shall practise separation of powers. The Central People's Government is responsible for managing foreign affairs and national defense affairs related to the Special Administrative Region, and has the right to appoint and remove the Chief Executive and principal government officials of the Special Administrative Region; The Special Administrative Region enjoys executive power and has the right to handle the administrative affairs of the Special Administrative Region on its own in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region. It can be said that the government of the Special Administrative Region has its own system, which is a unique local government system in China and does not belong to the local people's government system in China.
The head of the SAR Government is the Chief Executive of the SAR. The SAR Government is responsible to the Legislative Council of the SAR, implements laws passed by the Legislative Council and coming into effect, and regularly delivers policy addresses to the Legislative Council to answer questions raised by Legislative Council members. Attached is a detailed list of the State Council. People's Republic of China (PRC), the Central People's Government, is the executive organ of the highest state power organ and the highest state administrative organ. It consists of the Prime Minister, Vice-Premiers, State Councillors, Ministers of Ministries, Committee Directors, Auditor-General and Secretary-General. The State Council implements the responsibility system of the Prime Minister.
Under the leadership of the Prime Minister, Secretary General the State Council is responsible for the daily work of the State Council. The State Council set up a general office, headed by the Secretary General. The State Council Department of General Office of the State Council, People's Republic of China
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of People's Republic of China (PRC)
Ministry of Defence of People's Republic of China (PRC)
national development and reform commission
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Ministry of Science and Technology of The People's Republic of China
ministry of industry and information technology
state ethnic affairs commission
Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China
ministry of state security of the people's republic of china
Ministry of Supervision of the People's Republic of China
ministry of civil affairs of the people's republic of china
ministry of justice of the people's republic of china
the ministry of finance of the people's republic of china
ministry of human resources and social security of the people's republic of china
ministry of land and resources of the people's republic of china
Ministry of Environmental Protection of People's Republic of China (PRC)
Ministry of housing and urban-rural development of the people's Republic of China
ministry of transport of the people's republic of china
People's Republic of China (PRC) Ministry of Railways
ministry of water resources of the people's republic of china
The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China Ministry of Commerce
Ministry of Culture of People's Republic of China (PRC)
Ministry of Health
Population and family planning commission, People's Republic of China (PRC)
People's Bank of China
People's Republic of China (PRC) auditing bureau
(* The Ministry of Supervision and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection are co-located, and the institutions are listed in the the State Council sequence, and the establishment is listed in the institutions directly under the central government. ) the State Council directly under the ad hoc body.
The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council is directly under the State Council.
General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China
State Administration of Taxation (SAT)
State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC)
General administration of quality supervision
State Administration of Radio, Film and Television
State Press and Publication Administration (National Copyright Administration)
general administration of sport
State Administration of Work Safety
National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)
State Forestry Administration
China National Intellectual Property Administration
National Tourism Administration
State Administration for Religious Affairs
Counsellor's Office of the State Council
The State Council organ affairs management bureau
:: National Bureau of Corruption Prevention
(* The National Bureau of Corruption Prevention is listed in the sequence of institutions directly under the State Council, with the brand of the Ministry of Supervision. ) the State Council General Office
Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council
Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council
Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council
The research office of the State Council directly affiliated institutions is located in the State Council.
Xinhua News Agency
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
the Chinese Academy of Engineering
the Development Research Centre of the State Council (DRC)
China Administration College
Seismological Bureau of China
China Meteorological Administration
China Banking Regulatory Commission
China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC)
State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC)
National Council of Social Security Fund
National Natural Science Foundation
* Taiwan Province Affairs Office of the State Council.
the State Council Information Office
:: National Archives Bureau
(* The Taiwan Province Affairs Office of the State Council, the Taiwan Province Work Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the the State Council Press Office and the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Foreign Publicity Office are listed in the sequence of institutions directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The National Archives Bureau and the Central Archives Bureau, one institution with two brands, are listed in the subordinate institutions of the Central directly under the authority. ) National Bureau managed by ministries and commissions in the State Council.
National Public Complaints and Proposals Administration
State Administration of Grain (SAG)
National Energy Administration
National science administration
State Tobacco Monopoly Administration
State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA)
State Administration of Civil Service
State Oceanic Administration (SOA)
State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping
Civil Aviation Administration of China
the State Post Bureau
State Administration of Cultural Heritage
SFDA
National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
State Administration of Foreign Exchange
State Administration of Coal Mine Safety
:: State Secrecy Bureau
:: National Cryptography Administration
:: National Space Administration
:: National Atomic Energy Agency
:: National Language Commission
:: National Nuclear Safety Administration
(* The State Secrecy Bureau and the Office of the Central Secrecy Committee, the State Cryptography Administration and the Office of the Central Cryptography Leading Group have two brands, which are listed in the institutions under the Central directly under the authority. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology reserves the brands of National Space Administration and National Atomic Energy Agency. The Ministry of Education reserves the brand of the State Language Committee. The Ministry of Environmental Protection retains the brand of the National Nuclear Safety Administration. The State Council's deliberation and coordination body, local people's governments at all levels, is the executive organ of local state power organs and local state administrative organs at all levels. The local people's governments at all levels implement the responsibility system of governors, mayors, county heads, district heads, townships and mayors. The organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas are the people's congresses and governments of autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties. Provinces: Shanxi Province, Hebei Province, Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province, Shandong Province, Henan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Guangdong Province, Hainan Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Taiwan Province Province Autonomous Region: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xizang Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Beijing.