Flowers in the Morning Pick Up in the Evening-Warm Memories and Rational Criticism
brief Introduction of the content
"Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening" was written in 1926, with ten articles * * *, plus one introduction and one postscript. Among the ten articles, Dog, Cat and Mouse, Ah Chang and <: Shan Hai Jing > Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, Five Canons Club, Impermanence, From Baicaoyuan to three pools mirroring the moon, and Father's Disease are seven articles, in order to recall childhood life, let readers see the folk customs of Mr. Lu Xun's hometown, and also see the world at that time. Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong are words that people miss in life. Fujino is an upright and enthusiastic Japanese scholar, and Fan Ainong is a patriotic youth who is depressed and resentful in the dark. Notes on Petty Notes records the author's own difficulties and aspirations in seeking "another kind of people".
"Flowers in the Morning" is rich in ideological content, which describes the author's memories of childhood and sincere nostalgia for his teachers and friends, and truly describes the various lives the author experienced before and after the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911-from rural areas to towns, from family to society, from China to Japan, each article vividly reflects a corner of social life in that era.
The work describes the author's childhood life and the course of studying in his youth, recalls those unforgettable people and events, and also expresses his nostalgia for his former relatives and teachers. In the narration and discussion, the works show a blow and ridicule to the reactionary and conservative forces.
Writing background
At first, "Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening" was published in the semi-monthly magazine "Mangyuan" with the theme of "Reviving the Past". 1In July, 927, Lu Xun added "Introduction" and "Postscript".1In September, 928, it was renamed "Flowers in the Morning". "Morning Flowers Pick Up in the Evening" * * * earns ten works. Including: Dog, Cat and Mouse, which hates cats; I miss my long mother and mourn her misfortune, and I am angry with her indisputable "A Chang and <: Shan Hai Jing > 》； Criticizing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety; Wu Cang Hui, which shows the shadow of feudal paternalism; Depicting impermanence, the heady messenger in superstition and legend; "From Herb Garden to three pools mirroring the moon" about childhood; Exposing the quack's "Father's Disease"; Notes describing an evil and disgusting image of YanTaitai; Mr. Fujino, the Japanese teacher who most appreciated Lu Xun; Fan Ainong, a fellow countryman friend who has been down and out all his life. Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening combine memories of the past with real life, which fully shows the author's great enthusiasm for paying attention to life and social reform.
These ten essays are "memories", which completely record Lu Xun's life path and experience from childhood to youth, and vividly depict the life picture of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. These chapters are profound and meaningful, and they are classic works in China's modern prose.
1926 After the "March 18th" massacre, Lu Xun wrote articles such as "In Memory of Liu Hezhen Jun", angrily denouncing the shameless behavior of the reactionary government, and was persecuted by the reactionary government, so he had to lead a wandering life. He used to live in Yamamoto Hospital, German Hospital and other places. Despite the hard life, I also wrote a lot of essays and three essays, Twenty-four Filial Pieties, Five Canons Club and Impermanence. They later wrote Dogs, Cats and Rats, A Chang and Shan Hai Jing under the east wall of Beijing apartment before the tragedy. "Together, I received the prose collection" Morning Flowers and Evening Picks ".
1926 In September, Lu Xun went south to teach at Xiamen University, where he saw the ugly faces of all kinds of intellectuals and attacked them mercilessly. In Xiamen University, Lu Xun wrote five essays: From Herb Garden to three pools mirroring the moon, Father's Disease, Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong.
Artistic feature
1, the narrative, description, lyricism and discussion are organically integrated into one, full of poetry and painting. For example, describing the scenery of the Herbal Garden is fascinating. 2. When recalling the past fondly, the author can't forget the reality, and occasionally inserts some "essays" (that is, comments on reality), which shows Mr. Lu Xun's true and rich inner world. For example, the article Dog, Cat and Mouse not only has the author's deep memories of a cute little hidden mouse he had in his childhood, but also vividly narrates the folk stories told by his grandmother, and at the same time reveals the true features of those gentlemen who look like cats in reality. 3, often absorb the small details in life, see the big from the small, write the charm of the characters, and write the essence of the event. For example, in impermanence, from the fact that impermanence also has a wife and children, the author not only writes the characteristics of impermanence full of human feelings, but also cleverly satirizes those hypocritical intellectuals in life. 4. When the author criticizes and satirizes the old feudal system and morality, he often uses irony, also known as pun. On the surface, calmly describing the whole story of the incident is actually an irony, which implies the clever irony of "saying this and meaning that". For example, in "Father", there is no positive accusation and irony in the medical practice of quacks, but there is angry criticism and irony between the lines. For example, in Mr. Fujino, the author used "Peugeot" to satirize the ugliness of students studying in Qing Dynasty. It is actually boring to satirize the "current affairs" that Qing students are "proficient in" with "proficient in current affairs"; Use "patriotic youth" to satirize some young people in Japan who were arrogant, blindly loyal to the monarch and narrow-minded by militarism at that time; Use "why" to strengthen the tone of irony, thus strengthening affirmation and so on. 5. The author often uses contrast in his prose. For example, "Wu Cang Hui" expresses my disgust and criticism of feudal society through the comparison of my mood before and after; By comparing the ghost of impermanence with the real person, impermanence profoundly depicts the ugly face of some people whose personality is not as good as ghost in real life. There is a sharp contrast between the author's love for the little hidden mouse and his strong hatred for the cat.
Character image
The five main characters in Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers are the author's nanny (eldest mother), teacher (Mr. Fujino), friend (Fan Ainong), father, neighbor (YanTaitai) and the author's childhood private school teacher (Shou Jingwu). The eldest mother-has a foolish and superstitious side, but she has a simple and kind love that the author will never forget. From the eldest mother, we can see Lu Xun's feelings for the working people at the bottom: he not only reveals their ignorance and numbness, but also praises their beauty and kindness. Mr. Fujino, a Japanese medical professor, is awe-inspiring for his simple and great personality because he shows an equal attitude towards others and cares about the studies of people in weak countries. Everything he did was ordinary, and there was no ethnic discrimination. If we put ourselves in Lu Xun's position at that time, it is not difficult to feel the greatness of this teacher. (Rigorous, serious, equal and amiable)
Fan Ainong-an awakened intellectual, but unable to gain a foothold in the dark society. He can't compromise with this society like a madman, nor can he forget it like Mr. N, so his heart is painful and sad. Like Mr. Lu Xun, we suspect that he committed suicide. (Compromise, cowardice)
Father-My father once puzzled Lu Xun as a child, because he ordered him to endorse when he was going to see the Wuxiang Club in high spirits. However, Lu Xun never accused his father. What he repented was that he didn't let his father die quietly, which made his mind restless and painful forever. From this, we can feel Mr. Lu Xun's strong love for his father. In real life, some dads are heartless. They don't pay attention to their children's efforts step by step, but they just perfunctory their children, which will damage their self-esteem and make them live like years. (stern and loving)
YanTaitai-showed Lu Xun unhealthy paintings and instigated Lu Xun to steal his mother's jewelry and sell it. While YanTaitai's own children naughty dirty their clothes, YanTaitai is going to beat and scold. Lu Xun praised her on the surface, but in fact he despised YanTaitai, because she was a selfish, talkative and mischievous woman.
Shou Jingwu, founder, simple and knowledgeable, is a person who is quite revered by Mr. Lu Xun.
Important articles
Dog, Cat and Mouse —— Hate and hatred for cats and their causes
-In this article, Mr. Lu Xun liquidated the crimes of cats: first, cats always play with their prey to the fullest before eating it; Second, it is related to liger, but sometimes it is coquetry; Third, it always howls during mating, which is annoying; Fourth, it ate a little hidden mouse that I loved when I was a child. Although it was later proved that it was not the cat, "I" would not have a good impression on the cat, not to mention that it did eat the rabbit later! This article takes the type of "cat" and satirizes people who are similar to cats in life sharply and vividly.
A Chang and Shan Hai Jing —— Remembering the eldest mother
-Chang was Lu Xun's nanny when he was a child. Describe the scene of getting along with Ah Chang as a child, and describe the character of the eldest mother who is kind, simple, superstitious and nagging, and "full belly is troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude for her long-awaited drawing "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.
Twenty-four filial piety pictures-criticizing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety
-The so-called "Twenty-four filial piety pictures" is a book telling the story of twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures, the main purpose of which is to promote feudal filial piety. Starting with his feelings of reading Twenty-four Pictures of Filial Piety when he was a child, Mr. Lu Xun focused on describing the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories: "Old Lai entertained his relatives" and "Guo Ju buried his children", vividly exposing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety and revealing the poor and miserable situation of children in old China.
Wu Cang Hui —— Depicting the oppression and destruction of feudal paternalism
-Wuxiang Club is a meeting to meet the gods, and it is a festival in the mind of my childhood. Describe the eagerness and excitement of looking forward to watching the God Meeting when I was a child, and the disappointing and painful feeling of being forced by my father to recite Jianlue. It points out that compulsory feudal education suppresses and destroys children's nature.
Impermanence —— A Necromancer who depicts superstitions and legends
-impermanence is a ghost with human touch. When I was heady, I saw my mother crying her dead son so sad, and decided to let her son "return to the sun for half an hour". As a result, Yan Luowang, my immediate boss, hit me with a big stick. When recalling impermanence, the article occasionally adds a few words of irony to the so-called gentleman in reality, and the illusory impermanence gives some comfort to Lu Xun's lonely and sad heart at that time. At the same time, the article profoundly expresses that the people of China in the old days were desperate in the dark society and indignant at the injustice of the world, while "a just verdict lies in the underworld" and they can only seek sustenance and "a just verdict" in the dark.
From Herb Garden to three pools mirroring the moon —— Describing the fun of childhood and the boring of reading life.
-Described the fun I had at home in the Herbarium Garden as a child and the strict but fun-filled life of studying in three pools mirroring the moon, revealed the sharp contradiction between children's broad life interest and feudal bookstore education that bound children's nature, and expressed the reasonable requirement that children should grow up healthily and lively.
Father's Disease —— Exposing the essence of quack misleading people
-My father was delayed by quacks and died, which has always been a pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. This article focuses on the memory of delaying the treatment of his father's illness as a child, describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors", and reveals the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extorting money and disregard for human life.
Trivial Notes —— Describing an abominable image of YanTaitai with evil intentions.
-In this article, Lu Xun recalled that the surface of the house next door was good for children, but in fact it was YanTaitai who made children do dangerous things, showed Lu Xun unhealthy pictures and taught Lu Xun to steal his mother's jewelry, but he was very strict with his own children. It shows that she is a selfish, treacherous and wicked woman. I mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing for Nanjing to study. The works describe the disadvantages and difficulties of learning in Jiangnan Naval Academy and Mining Railway Academy at that time, and criticize the "cigar smoke" of Westernization School. The author described the excitement of initial contact with Evolution and the scene of eagerly reading Evolution despite the opposition of the older generation, showing a strong desire to explore the truth.
Mr Fujino —— Writing the Japanese teacher who most appreciated Lu Xun.
-Record the author's study and life while studying in Japan, and describe the process of being discriminated against, insulted and decided to abandon medicine and join literature by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College. The author highlights the preciseness, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, and expresses his deep memory of Mr. Fujino.
Fan Ainong —— Write the story of a fellow countryman friend who has been down and out all his life.
-Tracing back several life fragments of the author's contact with Fan Ainong when he was studying in Japan and after returning to China, describing Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark old society before the revolution and his pursuit of the revolution, and his persecution after the Revolution of 1911, showing his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.