Wuhai city is rich in mineral resources, with many kinds of minerals, most of which are of good quality, concentrated distribution and good matching. There are 37 kinds of coal, iron, lead, zinc, copper, nickel, gold, silver, germanium, cadmium, electric limestone, hydraulic limestone, alkaline limestone, flux limestone, refractory clay, high soil, cement clay, bentonite, dolomite, diabase, purple clay, brick clay and mineral water, and there are 82 mining areas with proven reserves. There are 8 large deposits, 2 1 medium deposits and 25 small deposits. The main proven mineral reserves in this area are: 2.7 billion tons of coal, 7.57 million tons of iron ore, 565.438+400,000 tons of magnesium dolomite, 369.4 million tons of refractory clay, 865.438+430,000 tons of soft refractory clay, 265.438+300,000 tons of kaolin, 356.42 million tons of soluble limestone and 654.38+434,000 tons of alkali marl. There are 23.67 million tons of potassium-bearing rocks, 74.36 million tons of cement ingredients and brick clay, 6.5438+0.65438+0.338 million tons of siliceous raw materials, 3.58 million tons of purple clay and 6.5438+0.304 million tons of gypsum. The potential economic value is 427.8 billion yuan. The unique advantages of mineral resources provide resources guarantee and industrial "food" for the development of mining industry in Wuhai city.
(2) Land resources
Wuhai City is mountainous and hilly, accounting for about 2/3 of the total area. To the east are Table Mountain and Gandre Mountain, and to the west are Wuhu Mountain, all of which extend from north to south. The middle part is a wide valley gully, which is composed of alluvial fans at the western foothills of Table Mountain, Gandre Mountain and Wuhu Mountain and alluvial terraces of the Yellow River, accounting for about 1/3 of the total area. The Yellow River runs through the north and south. There are 6 soil types, 1 1 subclass, 22 soil genera and 157 soil species. The proportion of six soil types in the total land area of the city is: grey desert soil accounts for 265,438+0.98%, brown calcium soil accounts for 23.34%, chestnut soil accounts for 0.003%, aeolian sand accounts for 7.65,438+0%, meadow soil accounts for 65,438+0.3%, and saline soil accounts for 0.065,435. Among them, 1 164.38 hectares of land cannot be used, such as flat gully beds, flowing sand dunes and exposed rocks. The vegetation in this city is sparse. Coverage is less than 5- 10%, and the coverage area is large. In addition, the soil is mostly sandy or Quaternary alluvial with loose structure, which is easy to cause soil erosion under the action of water and wind. There are 14347.97 hectares of cultivated land, 12678.2 hectares of fruit land,110.57 hectares of woodland and 17868.2 hectares of grassland, which are not suitable for grazing and enclosure. 59637.868686666606 The land use status is agricultural land 13996 1.39 hectares, construction land 15628.72 hectares and unused land1646.38 hectares.
The two sides of the Yellow River are flat and fertile, suitable for pumping irrigation, and are good areas for developing irrigation, oasis and ornamental agriculture. A large number of idle land provides cheap land reserve resources for urban construction and industrial and agricultural development.
(3) Water resources
The Yellow River flows through the urban area 105km, with an average river width of 250-500m, a water depth of 2.5- 1 1.6m and an average annual runoff of 26.9 billion cubic meters. Affected by the upstream snowmelt, water consumption, precipitation and the upstream reservoir regulation, the water level of the Yellow River changed greatly during the year, ranging from 2 to 4 meters.
Groundwater recharge in Wuhai mainly comes from precipitation infiltration, a small amount of condensed water, reinjection infiltration and direction-finding infiltration of the Yellow River. According to the preliminary calculation of the General Administration of Hydrology of Inner Mongolia, the stable exploitation of groundwater resources in Wuhai City is112 million cubic meters, and the available water is 95 million cubic meters, which forms a natural complementary system with the Yellow River and provides sufficient water resources for the development of industrial and agricultural production.
(4) Plant resources
There are 69 species of wild plants in Wuhai city, 18 1 genus, 279 species. Among these plants, there are medicinal plants such as licorice, Cynomorium songaricum, cistanche deserticola, Sophora alopecuroides root, ephedra, polygala tenuifolia, apocynum venetum and so on. There are paper-making plants such as salsola, Honghe, Artemisia ordosica and Artemisia ordosica. There are national second-class endangered and rare protected plants, such as Tetraena mongolica, sunflower, Acacia spinulosa, Sakeqing and Populus euphratica. In particular, the scientific research value of Tetraena mongolica is immeasurable.
Wuhai natural forest resources cover an area of 300,000 mu. There are mainly natural shrubs such as Tetraena mongolica, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Wang Ba and Nitraria sibirica. Secondly, there are Elaeagnus angustifolia, Populus euphratica, Salix psammophila, Huangbaici shrub and other natural riparian forests distributed in the Yellow River sandwich beach, such as Lihua Middle Beach, Huyang Island and some floodplains along the Yellow River. There is also zero amount of natural pine distributed on the valley wall of Xizhuo Mountain, and the main tree species are elm, birch, apricot and juniper. Most wild plants in Wuhai are short, but they have strong germination ability and play an important role in windbreak and sand fixation.
According to the results of forest classification management division in Wuhai city in 200 1 year, the area of suitable forest land in the city is 1 15000 mu. It is planned that by 20 10, the suitable forest land in the city will be afforested. Focus on the construction of 6.5438+10,000 mu grape base, 6.5438+10,000 mu Haloxylon ammodendron base and 600,000 mu Caragana korshinskii base, actively develop forestry follow-up industries, build wine and grape beverage processing enterprises, Caragana korshinskii stubble feed processing enterprises and fiberboard factories, and strive to realize the organic unity of forestry ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits.
(5) Landscape resources
Wuhai City has not only magnificent Yellow River landscape, but also unique scenery beyond the Great Wall such as steep mountains, deserts and grasslands, as well as rare historical and cultural relics.
1, scenery along the Yellow River. The Yellow River flows through the urban area 105km and flows downstream from south to north. Along the way, there are more than a dozen islands (beaches) in the middle of the river, especially Populus euphratica Island named after rare and protected plants, Dazhong Beach with an area of 500 hectares and Li Huazhong Beach with an area of 200 hectares. This is a rare beach island in the Yellow River. On Populus euphratica Island, Hu Yangshu, which is more than ten meters high, is a forest, lush, and the river flows slowly around the island, which is really a wonder of the Yellow River. There are swimming pools, racetracks, entertainment places and many tourist and holiday facilities with Mongolian characteristics on the island. Li Hua's middle beach is surrounded by green trees, reeds and grasses, flowers and plants, and natural scenery.
Wulanbu Desert is connected with the Yellow River desert water, with flowing waves on the river surface, undulating desert mountains and spectacular scenery outside the Great Wall. In recent years, more than ten yurts have been built in Jinsha Bay Desert Eco-tourism Zone to receive tourists. Relying on and utilizing the natural landscape of the Yellow River, Dayu Wharf, Yellow River Fishing Village, Xinze Water Park and other scenic spots have been set up along the river, adding more magnificent charm to the Yellow River.
2. The miracle of geological structure. Influenced by the Yanshanian and Caledonian orogeny, strata have been distributed and exposed in more than ten geological ages since Proterozoic, including Mushroom Mountain, Karst Cave, Feilai Peak, Rocky Canyon, etc., among which the famous scenic spot is Gande Shan Qi Canyon, also known as "the first sight". The valley is 650 meters long, and the peaks on both sides are towering like knives and axes, and the narrowest part is only about one or two meters. Entering the valley more than 100 meters, a huge stone is just sandwiched between two walls, which makes people feel strange and adds a mystery to the whole canyon.
3. Historical and cultural relics. Table Mountain Rock Paintings in Neolithic Age are the historical and cultural remains of hunting nationalities in northern China. Six rock paintings were found in Table Mountain, most of which were portraits of the sun god and others, animal images, hunting maps, symbols and so on. , rich in content and vivid in image. They are rare unearthed rock paintings at home and abroad, with strong primitive religious color and unique polishing style, especially the portrait rock paintings at a distance of 10 km from the urban area, which are the essence of portrait rock paintings in China and even the world. The rock paintings of Table Mountain have rich cultural connotations and important aesthetic values, which have attracted extensive attention from Chinese and foreign academic circles. At present, a preliminary closed protection facility has been built for tourists to enjoy.
4. Mambala Monk Temple. Located in Lasengmiao Town, Hainan District, it was built 55 years ago during the Qianlong period. During the Cultural Revolution, temples were destroyed. 1982 set up places for religious activities to restore incense. 1996 Hainan district government approved the registration and officially confirmed it as the only Gelug Sect (Lamaism) religious activity place in Wuhai area. While receiving tourists, temples are gradually being built.