First, the current situation of population migration and flow
Population migration refers to the movement of population across a certain boundary in a certain time range, which includes three elements: time, space and behavior, including migration with household registration changes and migration without household registration changes. It is a more complicated population process than the birth process and death process.
(1) The scale of population migration has increased substantially.
Since the reform and opening up, the population migration in Jilin Province has become active rapidly, and its scale and intensity have been significantly improved and enhanced compared with those before the reform and opening up. According to the data of the fifth census in 2000, the total number of migrants in Jilin Province reached 3.557 million, accounting for 13.27% of the total population of Jilin Province. Compared with the fourth census in 1990, the number of migrants increased by 2.353 million, an increase of nearly three times. Among them, 264. 1 10,000 migrants in the province left their registered permanent residence, accounting for 74.25% of the total migrants, 608,000 migrants from other provinces, accounting for 17.09%, and 308,000 migrants from other provinces, accounting for 8.66%. It shows that after the reform and opening up, the number and scale of population migration and flow have increased rapidly, and the population migration and flow in the province is the main one.
(2) Inter-provincial migration of population
According to the data of the fifth population census, during the five years from 1995 1 month1day to 20001October 3 1 day, the population of Jilin province moved to other provinces was 608,000, compared with/kloc.
From the perspective of the inter-provincial migration population in Jilin Province in the fifth census, the population of Jilin Province who moved to other provinces showed the following characteristics:
1.The population moving to the eastern coastal provinces has greatly increased, reaching 73. 18%.
Although the population of Jilin province who moved outside the province radiated to all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, it mainly moved to coastal provinces with more developed economy. According to the data of the Fifth General Plan, the number of people who moved to the eastern region 12 provinces reached 445,000, accounting for 73. 18% of the total population in Jilin Province, which was 232,000 more than that in the Fourth General Plan. Among them, the province with a large growth rate is that the population moving to Guangdong Province has reached 3. 1 10,000, an increase of 25,000 people or 4.3 times compared with the fourth general plan; The number of people who moved to Tianjin reached10.9 million, an increase of10.4 million compared with the fourth normal period, an increase of 3. 15 times; The number of people who moved to Beijing was 47,000, an increase of 33,000, or 2.22 times. Shanghai, Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangxi provinces also increased by more than 1 time.
Among the people who moved to the eastern region, the population who moved to Liaoning Province was174,000, which was 85,000 more than that in the fourth general plan period, with an increase of 95.77%, accounting for 28.58% of the population who moved outside Jilin Province, which was more than the total population who moved to the central and western regions 1. 1 10,000. The population who moved to Shandong Province was106,000, an increase of 46,000 or 75.24% compared with that in the fourth general plan period, accounting for 17.44% of the population who moved out of Jilin Province.
2. The population moving to the central region reached148,000, an increase of 17.79%.
According to the data of the Fifth General Plan, the population of Jilin Province who moved to eight central provinces was148,000, 22,000 more than that of the Fourth General Plan, with an increase of 17.79%. Except for Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang Province and Shanxi Province, the population of which increased by 39.73%, 23.86% and 2 1.50% respectively, the other five provinces showed a downward trend. The decline ranges were 48. 16% in Hunan province, 46.80% in Jiangxi province, 38.70% in Henan province, 37.54% in Hubei province and 13.09% in Anhui province.
3. The population moving to the western region was10.5 million, down by 4.85%.
According to the data of the Fifth General Plan, the population of Jilin Province who moved to the western 10 province was10.5 million, which was 4.85% lower than that of the Fourth General Plan. It only accounts for 2.44% of the population in Jilin Province who moved outside the province. The provinces that showed a significant downward trend were Sichuan Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province and Shaanxi Province, which decreased by 59.78%, 43.73%, 37.44% and 27.88% respectively.
4. Inter-provincial migration is mainly based on short distance, and the distribution is relatively concentrated.
Although the inter-provincial migration of population in Jilin province radiates to all provinces in the country, it is mainly characterized by short-distance migration and relatively concentrated distribution. In the population who moved outside the province during the Fifth Five-Year Plan period, neighboring provinces accounted for a large proportion. Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang provinces have a total population of 4 1.26 million, accounting for 67.78% of the population of Jilin Province who moved out of the province, and showed a large increase, with the growth rates of 95.77%, 75.24%, 39.73% and 23.86% respectively.
5. The working population who moved out of provinces has a higher education level and brain drain.
According to the calculation results of the relevant data of the national census in 2000, the working population in Jilin Province who moved to other provinces has a higher education level (see Table 2), among which those who have received higher education with a college degree or above account for 15.94%, ranking sixth in the country, which is 10.98 percentage points higher than the national average; People with secondary education accounted for 18.44%, ranking 1 1 in China, which was 4.56 percentage points higher than the national average. It shows that Jilin province, as an economically underdeveloped province, has a relatively high education level of the working population and belongs to a talent export province. However, there is a talent bottleneck in the economic development of Jilin Province, and the brain drain will be worse, which will inevitably have a negative impact on Jilin Province's upgrading of industrial structure and long-term social and economic development.
(3) Inter-provincial migration of population
According to the data of the fifth population census, during the five years from 1995 1 month1day to 20001October 3 1 day, the number of people who moved from other provinces to Jilin Province was 308,000, an increase over the previous five years. Compared with the emigration population, the province has a net emigration of 300,000 people. It can be seen that although the immigrant population has increased, it has not changed the situation that the immigrant population in Jilin Province has exceeded the immigrant population since 1990, and it is a net emigration province among all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China.
1.The data in Table 3 show that among the people who moved into Jilin Province from outside the province, 12 provinces moved in132,000, an increase of1.20,000 compared with that in the fourth general period, with an increase of 9.85%, accounting for 42.69% of all the people who moved in. Among them, Fujian Province 1.7 times, Jiangsu Province 1.4 times, Zhejiang Province increased by 40.50%, and Hebei Province increased by 27.04%. At the same time, Guangxi, Tianjin and Beijing decreased by 72.58%, 69.65% and 56.73% respectively.
2. The number of people who moved into Jilin Province from eight provinces in the central region was159,000, an increase of 58,000, or 56.83%, accounting for 5 1.58% of the total population. This shows that the population moving in from the central region has increased substantially. Among them, Anhui, Hubei, Henan 1.3 times increased more than four times, and the other five provinces all showed double-digit growth except Shanxi, which decreased by 38.86%.
3. The number of people who moved into Jilin Province from the western region 10 provinces was10.8 million, an increase of 0.2 million compared with the fourth general plan, with an increase of 1 1.42%, accounting for 5.73% of the total population. In the western region 10 provinces, except Sichuan province, which increased by 90.98%, all the other provinces decreased by more than 40%, while Ningxia and Qinghai provinces decreased by 80.78% and 74.02% respectively.
4. The education level of the inter-provincial migrant workers is low.
According to the data of the national census in 2000, the education level of the working population who moved into Jilin Province from other provinces is far lower than that of the working population who moved out of Jilin Province, forming a strong contrast. On the one hand, the population with high quality and high education moved out of Jilin Province, on the other hand, the population with low quality and low education from other provinces moved into Jilin Province. Only 2.46% of the working population who have moved to Jilin Province have received higher education, ranking 29th in China, which is 2.5 1 percentage point lower than the national average. Secondary education accounted for 1 1.48%, ranking 22nd in China, 2.39 percentage points lower than the national average; At the same time, a large number of people with low academic qualifications moved to Jilin Province, among which 82.79% of the working population who moved to Jilin Province had primary education, ranking third in the country, 3.8 1 percentage point higher than the national average; Illiteracy and semi-illiteracy accounted for 3.28%, ranking17th in China, which was 1. 1 percentage point higher than the national average. It shows that the population with low quality and education from other provinces, especially a large number of farmers, moved into Jilin Province.
(D) The education level of the floating population in Jilin Province
Among the floating population, the education level is low at two ends and high in the middle. Among the floating population in the province, especially those with junior high school education, the proportion of floating population is the highest, and the proportions of those who have never attended school, literacy classes and graduate students are 3. 10%, 0.34% and 0.32% respectively, and the total of the three items only accounts for 3.76%. The proportions of primary school, junior high school and senior high school are 17. 12%, 32.37% and 19.00% respectively, which together account for 68.49% of the total floating population, and the proportion of floating population with junior high school education is the highest. The floating population with technical secondary school, junior college and undergraduate education accounted for 10.23%, 9.65% and 7.87% respectively, and the total of the three items was 27.75%.
(5) The occupational composition of the floating population in Jilin Province.
According to the data of the Fifth General Plan of Jilin Province, commercial service personnel, operators of production and transportation equipment, and personnel of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy all account for a large proportion of the floating population, whether they are in the province or in and out of the province. Among the floating population in the province, the proportion of people engaged in the above three occupations reached 23.09%, 25. 17% and 19.24% respectively, accounting for 67.50% in total; Among those who entered from outside the province, the proportion of people engaged in these three occupations was 26.77%, 34.04% and 28. 1 1%, making a total of 88.92%. It can be seen that the main reason for the migration and mobility behavior is to work and do business.
Followed by the migration of professional and technical personnel, office workers and related personnel, accounting for 18. 1 1% and 9.28% respectively in the province; Outside the province accounted for 5.33% and 2.86%.
The third is the migration and flow of state organs, party organizations, heads of enterprises and institutions and other employees who are inconvenient to classify. The proportion of migration and flow in the province is 4.79% and 0.32% respectively; The proportion of immigration and inflow from outside the province is 2.64% and 0.25%.
(six) the age composition of the migrant population in the province
According to the data of the Fifth General Survey of Jilin Province, the age of the migrant population in Jilin Province shows the characteristics that the proportion of the low-age group and the high-age group is low, and the proportion of the young and middle-aged people is large. Among them, the proportion of migrants aged 0-14 is 12.26%, and the proportion of migrants aged 50-65 and above is 1 1.96%, making a total of 24.22%. The main reason for this part of people's migration is that they move with their families and rely on their relatives and friends, which is a non-economic passive migration. The proportion of migrants aged15-49 is as high as 75.78%. The main reasons for migration are business and study and training, which belongs to economic and cultural active migration.
From the perspective of the gender of the migrant population in the province, the proportion of male population has decreased from 48.9% to 46.88%, and the proportion of female population has increased from 5 1. 1% to 53. 12%. It shows that the migration of female population tends to be active since the reform and opening up. The share of women is gradually increasing, the scale and frequency of migration are gradually expanding, and the initiative of migration is also strengthening.
Second, the reasons for population migration and flow
As a social phenomenon in the period of social transformation, population migration and flow is the inevitable result of the comprehensive action of socio-economic and individual factors. As far as the individual is concerned, it is a decision based on the comprehensive measurement and repeated comparison of employment opportunities, personal income, living environment and development prospects.
(1) Macroscopically, the macro environment of reform and opening up is the premise of large-scale migration and mobility of population.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the migration and flow of population in Jilin Province never stopped intermittently. In the era of planned economy, due to various factors, the migration and flow of population was basically planned. Before the mid-1980s, in addition to planned migration, temporary employment of enterprises, knowledge youth going to the countryside, and decentralization of cadres, the direct cause of population migration in Jilin Province was to visit relatives and rely on friends to make a living and settle down. Large-scale population migration and mobility began to appear since the reform and opening up, especially in the 1990s. With the rapid development of market economy, the implementation of various reform policies, and the change of management system, it has provided conditions for the migration and flow of population. The large increase of the floating population has become a remarkable feature of population development, which is enough to illustrate this point from the scale and frequency of the floating population in Jilin Province.
(B) Southeast coastal provinces with rapid economic development have formed a pulling force of interest motivation.
After the reform and opening up, the rise and development of the southeast coastal special economic zones has made it the center of China's economic growth, providing more opportunities for the employment of a large number of laborers and generating strong attraction. In order to pursue more employment opportunities, higher income and better development prospects, people adopt migration and mobility.
Judging from the population of Jilin Province who moved to other provinces, most of them moved to the eastern coastal areas, and the fastest growth rate was in Guangdong Province, which reached 4.3 times. This shows that with the development of economy and society, the provinces and cities with vigorous economy attracted a large number of migrants, and in the process of such population migration and flow, the provinces with high agricultural proportion became the net emigration provinces.
(3) The existence of surplus labor force is the basis of large-scale migration and flow of population.
Jilin Province is a traditional agricultural province. Since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in rural areas in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the autonomy in production and management has greatly mobilized the labor enthusiasm of farmers, continuously improved the scientific and technological content of agricultural products, and greatly improved the labor productivity. On this basis, the labor force invested in agricultural production began to appear surplus. At the same time, with the inertia growth of population, the land occupied by national infrastructure, collective infrastructure and farmers' individual housing is gradually decreasing, that is, the so-called "more people and less land", and the scale of agricultural surplus labor is constantly expanding. With the loosening of external constraints, this part of surplus labor quickly transferred to industry, construction, tertiary industry and towns. However, due to the constraints of many factors such as hard environment and soft environment, it is difficult for surplus agricultural labor to be absorbed and digested locally and transferred to secondary and tertiary industries, so it is necessary to transfer to economically developed areas, and many local governments encourage farmers to go out to work in various ways. In addition, in economically underdeveloped areas, different degrees of idle waste of talents will inevitably generate a strong thrust, prompting these people to move and flow.
(4) The widening income gap between urban and rural areas and the rapid economic development of coastal provinces are the driving forces for the large-scale migration and flow of population.
Affected by many factors, there is a big gap between urban and rural economic development and income level. For example, in 2002, the per capita annual disposable income of urban households in Jilin Province was 6260. 16 yuan, and the per capita net income of rural households was 2360.8 1 yuan, with a difference of 3899.39 yuan, which further widened. Agricultural surplus labor force can get much higher income by regional migration and flow and engaging in non-agricultural labor.
According to relevant data, the average per capita net income of rural households in Guangdong Province was 39 12 yuan in 2002, which was 155 1 yuan more than that of our province and 1.65 times that of Jilin Province. In 2002, the per capita annual disposable income of urban residents reached1137.2 yuan, while that of Jilin Province was only 6,260.16 yuan, 4,877.04 yuan more than that of our province, which was 1.78 times that of Jilin Province. The impact of this income difference and the economic motivation for individuals to get rid of poverty have produced a strong attraction, that is, pull.
(5) Micro-reasons for personal migration and mobility.
Social and economic development is the basis and condition of population migration and flow, but the reasons for migration and flow are different for everyone.
From the analysis of the dynamic changes of the reasons for migration and mobility, it is found that the demolition and relocation accounted for 2 1.77%, the accompanying family members accounted for 18.75%, and the study and training accounted for 13.09%. The population migrating and migrating for the above three reasons accounted for 53.6 1% of the total floating population. Marriage accounts for 12.00%, and business accounts for 10.90%, and the floating population accounts for 22.9% of the total. However, women are the main migrants because of marriage, accounting for 10.37%; Among the migrants who work and do business, men are the main ones, accounting for 7.23%, which is twice that of women. The young and middle-aged people aged 25-39 account for 55.3 1% of the male migrant population. 8.29%, 3. 18%, 2.52% and 9.50% of the population migrated due to relatives and friends, job transfer, employment assignment and other reasons, respectively, and these four reasons accounted for 23.49% of the total migration.
Third, the impact of population migration on social and economic development
As a social phenomenon, population migration and flow is also an economic phenomenon, which is the inevitable result of the reorganization and optimal allocation of resources in the whole society. From the perspective of the impact of migration and mobility, this process has an impact not only on the inflow place, but also on the outflow place, and will also affect the migrants themselves. Although the migration and flow of population will inevitably have a wide and profound impact on the population and social and economic development in the inflow areas, our province, as a net emigration province, has had an impact on social and economic development, population development and social management, and its impact is various and can be divided into positive effects and negative effects.
(A) the positive effects of population migration:
1.Population migration and flow are helpful to the operation and development of market economy. Market economy is a basic economic form with the market as the resource allocation, which requires the market to adjust the resource allocation and realize the rational and effective utilization of resources, and the prerequisite for the rational and effective allocation of human resources is the rational and effective migration and flow of population. On the one hand, it can reduce the heavy pressure on the land brought by excessive agricultural surplus labor and avoid unnecessary waste of human resources; On the other hand, it provides abundant labor for areas and industries in urgent need of labor, making the allocation of labor resources increasingly reasonable.
2. The migration and mobility of population is beneficial to the development of rural economy. The surplus labor force in Jilin Province is widespread in rural areas, and the proportion of surplus labor force is large. Judging from the estimated results of agricultural surplus labor force in different regions in recent years, the agricultural surplus labor force in Jilin Province has reached 2-3 million, and the surplus rate is as high as 38.47%, and this trend is still expanding. Therefore, the flow of rural labor force is very beneficial to the rural economic development in Jilin Province. This can not only alleviate the contradiction between people and land, promote the moderate scale management of land and improve agricultural productivity, but also promote the development of non-agricultural industries, strengthen the rural economic strength and accelerate the process of rural industrialization and modernization.
3. Population migration and mobility have increased farmers' income and improved their living standards. A large number of agricultural laborers have moved from traditional village agricultural civilization to modern urban industrial civilization, accepted the edification of developed economy and cultural life, and conducted a rare modernization education, which broadened their horizons, changed their concepts and improved their quality. As a whole, it has increased the human capital quality of rural labor force and created the ability and opportunity for laborers to participate in the reorganization of production factors, thus contributing to the formation of a new growth point for rural economic development in Jilin Province.
4. The migration of population has promoted the development of urbanization and urban economy. A large number of people flow to cities and towns, especially to cities, which improves the urbanization rate and promotes the development of urbanization. The agricultural labor force flowing into cities gradually replaces the city people in municipal construction, tertiary industry, environmental sanitation, agricultural court service and other industries, becoming the main force of these industries, making an indispensable contribution to the prosperity and development of urban economy and providing many conveniences for local residents in life and work. Since the comprehensive reform of the city, the economy has developed rapidly. However, due to the adjustment of industrial structure and people's employment concept, the supply of labor in some dirty and poorly paid industries in the city, such as construction and sanitation, is relatively insufficient, and the floating population in rural areas just plays a role in filling the gap. As a result of working and doing business, it directly contributes to the prosperity of the market and the development of commerce and catering services, and also promotes the construction of urban infrastructure, promotes the adjustment and upgrading of transportation, posts and telecommunications, communications and industrial structures, and injects new vitality into the further development of the economy.
5. The migration and flow of population eased the employment pressure, especially the rural population's pressure on land. Our province is rich in labor resources. The working-age population (male 16-59 years old, female 16-54 years old) is18.208 million, accounting for 68.27% of the total population, an increase of 4.94 percentage points over 1990, especially. However, due to the economic development of our province, the abundant labor resources are not fully and reasonably developed and utilized, which also puts great pressure on the employment of our province. Through the migration and flow of population, the labor force is exported to the developed coastal areas in an organized and large scale, which reduces the employment pressure in cities and towns in our province and effectively relieves the increasingly prominent contradiction between population and land in rural areas.
(B) the negative effects of population migration:
While the migration and flow of population have positive effects, there are also negative effects caused by the elimination of accumulation.
1.The brain drain in the net emigration area has affected the local economic development to a certain extent. For the net emigration provinces, there are undeniably high-tech talents and skilled workers among a large number of emigrants, except the rural surplus labor force. These people choose to migrate and flow because they expect better development prospects and development space and pursue higher income. In recent years, there have been different degrees of brain drain in Jilin Province. By the end of 200/kloc-0, there were 70,252 people engaged in scientific and technological activities in the province, including 5 1277 scientists and engineers, which decreased by 8.26% and 9.3% respectively compared with 2000. In addition to normal natural attrition such as retirement and resignation, there were also people who moved out and flowed out, and there was a "peacock southeast" In this way, the outflow of a large number of intellectual population not only lost a large part of intellectual investment, but also affected the structure of scientific and technological personnel in Jilin Province, thus affecting economic development.
2. The floating population has raised new issues for social security.
As an inevitable product of market economy, the floating population plays an active role in social and economic development, but its negative effects are increasingly prominent. The floating population has impacted the original social order and affected the social stability in some areas, resulting in the deterioration of social security and the increase of serious criminal crimes, especially in the places where the population flows in. According to relevant data, among the criminals seized by public security organs, the illegal crime rate of temporary residents is as high as 12.8%, which is about four times the average illegal crime rate. Moreover, the number of major criminal cases and important cases is increasing, which seriously disturbs social order and endangers social stability.
3. The floating population has increased the difficulty of family planning.
The family planning work of floating population is the key and difficult point in the urban population and family planning work in Jilin Province. According to the assessment results of "Family Planning Line" in 20001year, among the unplanned births in Jilin Province in 20001year, the floating population accounted for 32.27%, that is to say, among the unplanned births, the floating population accounted for13. The rate of marriage and childbearing certificate for floating population is only 30%. Therefore, it has become an important and urgent task to strengthen the family planning work of floating population and change the passive situation of management.
4. The floating population also brings some problems to urban management.
With the continuous growth of floating population, infrastructure such as urban housing, water supply and power supply, transportation, communication, environmental sanitation and catering services have been overloaded, which has brought a lot of inconvenience to urban residents and floating population. Therefore, with the increase of floating population in cities, it has brought some pressure on the already tense housing, transportation, communication, water and electricity, schooling and medical treatment in cities, and brought many problems in household registration management, industrial and commercial tax management, labor market management, urban planning and environmental sanitation.
(C) the trend of population migration and flow in Jilin Province
Entering the new century, the trend of population migration and flow deserves attention. At present, the factors that affect the trend of population migration mainly include the following aspects: First, with the acceleration of building a well-off society in an all-round way, various principles and policies of reform and opening up will continue to be implemented and deepened; Second, the continued implementation of the current recruitment policy and the full implementation of the social security system for all employees; Third, the pattern of unbalanced economic development between regions will not change greatly in a short time; Fourth, the influence of industrial structure adjustment on the quantity and quality of labor demand; Fifth, regional shortage and structural shortage of labor force still exist.
Therefore, in the next 10 year, the population migration in Jilin Province will show the following characteristics: First, the total number of migrants will continue to grow, but the growth rate will gradually slow down; Second, the level of labor demand will be improved, from quantity to quality, and the demand for intelligent technical talents, management talents and high-level service personnel will increase, while the demand for simple physical labor will gradually decrease; Third, the population flow will not change greatly, and economically developed provinces and economically developed areas in the province are still the destinations for migrating floating population; Fourth, with the development of rural economy, a large number of rural surplus labor will be released.
Therefore, how to promote the normal and orderly migration and flow of population through institutional innovation and reform and innovation, increase the influence of positive effects, minimize negative effects, and promote economic development and social progress is a problem worthy of in-depth consideration.
IV. Discussion on the countermeasures of population migration and flow
It can be predicted that with the acceleration of China's modernization, the further development of the socialist market economy and the massive release of rural surplus labor, as well as the closer exchanges and contacts between localities after China's accession to the WTO, personnel exchanges and population migration and flow are more free, and the trend of population migration and flow can not be weakened, but may continue to increase. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to promote the rational flow of talents and coordinate the transfer of rural surplus labor, on the other hand, it is necessary to have scientific management measures to reasonably guide and avoid the unrestricted and disorderly migration and flow of population.
(A) to strengthen the construction of soft environment, nesting to attract phoenix.
The next 5- 10 years will be a crucial period for the economic and social development of our province. In order to achieve leap-forward development and achieve the expected goals, we must have all kinds of outstanding talents, make great efforts in the construction of soft environment and improve the investment environment. In the final analysis, the future competition is the competition of talents, and talents, as a resource, should flow. Where the development prospects are better and the expected income is higher, talents will inevitably flow. On the one hand, we must do everything possible to attract talents, especially high-quality talents. Therefore, we should further emancipate our minds, update the concept of employing people, relax policies and provide a good entrepreneurial environment and living environment; On the other hand, we should do everything possible to avoid brain drain, meet their requirements in terms of living conditions, children's schooling, employment, etc., fully mobilize the enthusiasm of talents, and truly give full play to their talents. So that talents can provide scientific, technological and intellectual support for the economic and social development of Jilin Province and realize leap-forward development.
(2) Strengthen institutional innovation and management according to law.
First of all, we should change our ideas and take the initiative to attack. For a long time, due to the underestimation of the impact and pressure caused by population migration, it is often in a passive coping state, and it is mainly blocked in essence, but it has little effect. Today's society is an open society, and it is inevitable to change from a scattered and isolated closed living state to a diversified and open state with extensive contacts. We must face up to the phenomenon of population migration and flow.
Secondly, it is necessary to establish and improve management laws and regulations, realize management according to law, and ensure orderly migration and flow. The government should strengthen macro guidance and coordination of population migration and flow, improve the degree of organization of population migration and flow, and avoid blind disorderly flow.
Thirdly, in the reform of rural land circulation system, the right to use land can be used as cooperative capital and merged with experts in farming, which is not only conducive to the scale operation of agriculture, but also makes rational use of land resources and creates conditions for the transfer of rural labor force.
(3) Actively coordinate the transfer of rural surplus labor.
Guide the rural surplus labor force to migrate and flow within the county, encourage them to invest in small towns, speed up urban construction, and ensure the requirements of the secondary and tertiary industries in cities and towns for labor quality. At the same time, the transfer will be carried out in stages, from geographically to towns, then to small cities and big cities, and from industries to traditional handicrafts or manual labor, and then to modern industries. This transfer process requires them to study and practice constantly and improve their own quality, which can not only reduce the blind entry into cities, but also help promote economic development, prevent the excessive transfer of rural surplus labor force at an extraordinary high speed, and make the population migration and flow proceed in a healthy and orderly manner.
(four) to strengthen the construction of residents' communities, create a good humanistic environment, and strengthen the guidance and management of the floating population. Due to the scattered residence of floating population, only through the territorial management of residents' communities and neighborhood (village) committees can we put forward normative requirements for the living conditions of migrants, employment of enterprises, medical security, schooling for children, and be responsible for the registration, inspection and rental management of migrants. At the same time, infrastructure construction, including transportation, water and electricity, culture, education, health and other living service facilities, must be strengthened in order to adapt to and meet the needs of migrants and floating population. Create a community culture that can accommodate all ethnic groups, different regions, different ages, sexes and different occupations.