A big word "person". In the lower right corner of the word "human", the Grand Canal flows into Shandong from northwest Shandong.
Draw a long cow shuttle bend, which runs through nearly 20 districts and counties in our province. The Grand Canal is long to western Shandong.
The nourishment and gestation of time is constantly passing through one material and intangible cultural heritage after another.
Be reflected.
Walking along the Grand Canal and reliving the western Shandong civilization, we chose the once heavy throat beside the Grand Canal.
Town Linqing, as a carrier for us to touch the canal culture and talk about the western Shandong civilization.
Standing on the landmark Ao Tou Ji Ruins in Linqing City, to the north, it is the abandoned Yuan Dynasty Games.
River; To the south, it is the Ming Dynasty Canal, and the ancient canal in Ao Tou Ji Ruins, which was prosperous in the past, is at my feet.
Down. It was a civilization that was crowded with ports. During the Ming Chenghua period, Li Dongyang, a university student, wrote Ao Tou Ji Ruins.
The poem says: Ten miles of people are divided on both sides of the strait, and high-rise buildings enter Qingyun. Official ships and ships have passed by, beating drums and singing.
Gong is everywhere. Is to write about the prosperity of Linqing at that time.
Before this interview, someone asked me the topic of the interview, and I said, I will visit the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The largest city in Shandong in the period. Q: Is it Jinan or Qingdao? I answered: Linqing-Luxi.
Linqing in the north. The other side looked surprised: how is this possible?
The canal made Linqing possible. From the remote rural land to the Ming and Qing dynasties.
The Grand Canal is the largest city in Shandong Province: Wanli of Ming Dynasty.
During the years, Linqing collected a quarter of the national tax, which was in other places in Shandong except Linqing.
10 times of the total tax revenue.
At the end of August 2004, when the reporter stepped onto the canal levee from Linqing, the canal was suspended.
Nearly 40 years. But Linqing people still remember the rivers that brought them prosperous towns.
"Floating Generation": The Prosperity of Ming and Qing Dynasties Created by Canal
Nowadays, "drifting in Beijing" and "drifting in the north" are relatively fashionable words, which refer to many foreigners.
Seek development in Beijing. In fact, Linqing was already full of drifts in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Generation ",along the Grand Canal, they turned Linqing into a commercial metropolis. "Linqing is
A floating city. Ma Lukui, an associate researcher at Linqing Museum, said.
The word "drift" vividly illustrates the importance of the canal to the development of Linqing.
There is also a well-known saying among women and children that "there is a clearance before there is a Linqing city".
It covers the history of building warehouses and storing grain in Linqing. According to historical records, after the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, China administration
The center of governance began to move northward, and Linqing played an increasingly important role in north-south transportation.
1426— 1435), Linqing warehouse has a grain storage capacity of 3 million stones, making it the highest granary in China.
At that time, there were 3000 soldiers guarding the granary, and the central government directly made the head of the household department supervise the warehouse affairs.
The important position of water transportation throat makes Linqing gradually become a remote rural place.
Thousands of tankers have to pass through the "No.1 pier in the world". According to the records in Ming History,
During the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, there were more than 20,000 Cao Jun120,000 Cao Boats 1 1000, and they began to transport 2 million stones every year.
Later, it gradually increased to four or five million stones. Ma Lukui, an associate researcher at Linqing Museum, believes that
The busy scene of international grain transportation is more impressive than we thought, because the grain in the south of the Yangtze River will arrive on the eighth day of the lunar calendar.
It can only be shipped after the autumn harvest in September, and the canal transportation is completed before the lunar October freeze.
More than 10,000 tankers will be transferred to Beijing by Linqing in a month or two. Ten thousand tankers
After Linqing, an endless stream of foreigners "drifted" in Linqing, which caused the rapid expansion of a city.
It has a strong impetus.
Game jade belt city: "plan" finally lost to "market"
Ma Lukui believes that Linqing was born by the river not only in the early stage of its development, but also in its development.
During the exhibition, the canal is also the main promoter of Linqing's development, including Linqing's "brick city" and "
The game of Tucheng is a vivid example.
Ming Zhengtong 14 years, Yu Qian, a minister of the Ministry of War, suggested building a city in Linqing, when Linqing County had risen.
For zhili state, the Zhongzhou zone surrounded by the canal should be an ideal place to build a city, but when
In order to protect the warehouse, the granary east of Weihe River, which is far away from the river, was chosen, which was called Brick City. Because bricks
The city is far from the canal pier, and the area of the city is small, which is inconvenient for the development of industry and commerce. The merchant hostel is still
However, it is developing to Zhongzhou area outside the brick city. In the twenty-first year of Jiajing, the governor of Shandong Province had been milling to comply with this
The development trend is to rebuild Tucheng, including Zhongzhou area and brick city near the canal pier.
Go, it's called Jade Belt City. In this way, Jade Belt City is not only an important place for state administration and storage, but also for industry and commerce.
The center of the transportation industry has become a big city with a perimeter of more than 30 Li and a scale no less than that of Tianjin.
Yes.
Ma Lukui vividly compared Linqing City, a phenomenon changed by canals, to a "plan".
The game between economy and "market" economy, "regardless of the role of canals in cities, we must stay away from transportation."
When a river builds a city, it will eventually follow the market and the canal. "
Linqing Banknotes Pass: It was once the lifeblood of the Ming Dynasty.
In the books I read about the cultural history of the ancient canal, it is recognized that the characteristics of "canal culture" are
Its rich commercial flavor. Frequent and intensive business activities were common in the canal area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Phenomenon, and Linqing is one of the most prominent representatives. Wei Huiban, curator of Linqing Museum
Pointing his finger to the reporter, he said, "According to the Records of Linqing Prefecture, in the twenty-eighth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Linqing residents
For 66745 people. Moreover, according to the records, the number of merchants in Sifang is 10 times of the number of residents, which is counted as this.
Calculate, the total population of Linqing at that time was about 700 thousand, which was all' urban population', but now it is near
The population of Qingcheng District is double. "
After a few trips in Linqing city, you can still find some streets named after traditional industry and commerce.
Alleys, such as Mashi Street, Guoshi Street, Hoop Tong Lane, Nianzi Lane, Zhugan Lane, Tanmi Lane, etc. be close to
Wei Hui, director of the Qing Museum, said that street names such as Zhugan Lane, which can only be found in the south, appeared in Linqing.
It was a proof of the extensive economic and trade exchanges between Linqing and the South at that time. In the early Ming dynasty, Linqing was made up of a
The water transport terminal has developed into a commercial metropolis, stretching from Tawan in the north to Touzha in the south for dozens of days.
In the city, the city is row upon row. "
In fact, if we want to examine how developed Linqing's industry and commerce was at that time, Linqing's money barrier is the most.
Evidence of force. Linqing Banknote Customs was directly under the jurisdiction of the imperial court in Linqing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Guan Ya, in this national key cultural relics protection unit, I have seen the relics left over from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The two coming halls, carved columns and painted columns, can still reveal the style of the largest banknote clearance in China that year. Linqing
The money gate was first set up in the fourth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty, and was later managed by civil and military officials such as the head of the household department. The Ming Dynasty
The importance attached to Linqing's currency clearance can be seen. As the first of the eight national customs, Linqing in Wanli period.
The merchant tax levied by the Banknote Customs is more than 83,000 taels, which is higher than that of Chongwenmen, the capital of Beijing.
It ranked first among the eight national treasury bills, accounting for a quarter of the total tax revenue at that time. And Shandong one
The province's tax revenue in the six years of Wanli is more than 8,800 taels, accounting for slightly more than one tenth of the revenue collected by Linqing Banknotes Customs.
It serves to show the prominence of Linqing banknote clearance.
Shandong Kuaishu: Rap dipped in canal water
Linqing is known as "one of the nine commercial ports in the north of the Yangtze River" and "the first wharf in the world", and it has been decided.
It is not only a commercial metropolis where merchants converge, but also the best place for cultural prosperity.
Together, it provides a relaxed humanistic trend for Linqing, and also provides an exchange and gathering of various art categories.
The rich humanistic environment, and the openness and compatibility of this culture, also promoted the production of other cultures.
Health. Shandong Kuaishu is a rap art formed in Linqing by drawing lessons from the "steel-channeling cavity" of the plowshare drum.
As Liu Sichang, a performing artist and adjunct professor in Peking University, said, "Linqing is a big pier.
Shandong Kuaishu occupies this geographical position. An ancient canal has nurtured more than one genre, which can be mutually beneficial.
Proof, this is a very interesting phenomenon in the history of Quyi. "
Shandong Kuaishu was also called "the second child of martial arts" before, and there are many opinions about its origin at present.
Among them, "Fu Hanzhang said" has a great influence, and it is Zhang Jun, a senior researcher at Shandong Institute of Art.
It was put forward after a long-term investigation in the 1980s. He is in the creation and singing of Shandong Kuaishu.
The book said: "... According to the old artists Zhou Dongbin and Fu Yongchang of Shandong Kuaishu, the Qing Dynasty Daoguang Six.
In, there were 36 people (some said more than 10 people) who stopped by the rain on their way home to let off steam.
Dissatisfied, based on the story of Wu Song, a Liangshan hero widely circulated among the people, he compiled Wu
Song Chuan rap. One of the authors, Li Changqing, a native of Wangzhuang, Nangangzi, chiping, Shandong Province, brought the book back.
After his cousin Fu Hanzhang went to Shanxi, he was trapped in Handan, but he took out the biography of Wu Song five times and handed it over.
In front of Guandi Temple, Fu Hanzhang chanted with bamboo clappers and got money to return home. Li Changqing then found Fu.
Han Zhang was very talented in singing, so he passed the whole book on to him. Fu De devoted himself to the study of Biography of Wu Song.
It was in the 19th year of Daoguang that the Linmen Club in Qufu (Spring and Autumn Temple Fair before Konglin) was established.
The performance was warmly welcomed by the local people. "
Linqing Dream: For the Canal "Living Water"
During the last few days in Linqing, I can clearly feel Linqing people's concern about the word "South-to-North Water Diversion".
The sensitivity of language, whenever you mention this word, you can find the look that brightens their eyes.
A local official said that the local people originally wanted to develop a brigade on the abandoned Yuan Canal on the right side of Ao Tou Ji Ruins.
Tour, because there is no water, development is more difficult, a Linqing in the field to do a great job.
Some entrepreneurs went to see it and didn't dare to take over.
In fact, Linqing is the most typical city along the canal that was born because of the river and declined because of the river.
With the gradual decline of canal function, Linqing's function is different from its heyday.
And language. Malukui said: "After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the struggle for Linqing by the peasant war made industry and commerce
Suffered great losses, but the fundamental reason is the loss of superior economic and geographical conditions. "
After the middle of Qing Dynasty, due to the disrepair of water conservancy and the breach of the Yellow River, the canal could transport energy.
Declining power, Daoguang six years, the Qing government began to hire merchant ships to transport grain by sea, which was sparse in the Ming Dynasty.
Linqing has been left out in the cold because of the great changes in the way of water transportation since the Grand Canal was opened!
"Businessmen are born for profit, and wherever there is interest, they will develop. Since the canal is impassable,
Airlines, without the circulation of goods, can not bring benefits to businessmen, originally from all over the country
Businessmen, they have retreated. "Ma Lukui said, although the small steamboat of Linqing River still insisted.
By 1965 after liberation, but Linqing at this time is no longer the one called "military stronghold,
Grain transportation throat, commercial city "Linqing. "Now I don't know if the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is in Linqing.
How big is the influence of the canal? As long as navigation can be resumed, the appearance of the canal will be fundamental.
Change. "When he said these words, Ma Lukui was emotional, and his eyes were full of water from the Yangtze River.
Looking forward to.