I. Institutional basis for tax and accounting treatment of self-produced products received by enterprises
(1) Tax system regulations. Regarded sales is a kind of goods sales behavior that is different from normal sales in general. According to the relevant tax laws and regulations of our country, self-production and self-use should be regarded as sales, and value-added tax should be paid normally, and income tax should be calculated and paid at the same time. If the self-produced and self-used products are taxable consumer goods, the consumption tax should also be calculated and paid. That is, the above-mentioned self-production and self-use behavior should be treated as income, and the taxable income of enterprises should be adjusted.
(2) Accounting system. The accounting treatment of value-added tax as sales behavior is not specifically and uniformly stipulated in the new accounting standards, but only expressed in relevant standards. For example, Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.2-Long-term Equity Investment, Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.7-Exchange of Non-monetary Assets, Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.9-Employee Compensation, Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.0/2-Debt Restructuring and Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.0/4-Income.
Two, the accounting practice of enterprises receiving their own products of different accounting treatment.
The above provisions of the tax system directly and concretely guide and standardize the tax practice. In tax practice, there is no dispute about the tax treatment of self-production and self-use, that is, the VAT output tax is accrued according to the selling price and taxable value (fair value), and the taxable income is increased according to the selling price and taxable value (fair value) and included in the taxable income. However, due to the fact that neither the accounting system nor the new accounting standards of our country have clearly stipulated the accounting treatment of self-production and self-use, the accounting practice circle lacking theoretical guidance has produced different accounting treatment of self-production and self-use and is fragmented. Specifically, (1) only needs to transfer money according to the cost of products for personal use, and does not recognize income. The reason is that self-production and self-use is only an internal carry-over relationship, there is no sales behavior, it does not meet the conditions of normal sales, and there is no cash flow. (2) Confirm the corresponding income of products for personal use, and carry forward the cost. The reason is that the practice of transferring income only according to cost is established from the financial accounting treatment, but it does not conform to the relevant provisions of the income tax law; If we want to comply with the provisions of the income tax law, we need to increase the taxable income according to the difference between the selling price and the cost when calculating the income tax at the end of the year. It is precisely this adjustment process that is troublesome and will seriously affect the efficiency of accounting work. (3) Differentiate treatment: if the self-production and self-use can gain income or reflect the relationship between the enterprise and the outside, the sales income will be treated; Otherwise, all transfers are made at cost.
Third, self-produced and self-used accounting and tax treatment and case analysis
In order to truly implement the simplified financial accounting and tax treatment, and reflect that financial accounting is subject to the provisions of the tax system, the author believes that (1) enterprises receiving self-produced products should be accounted for according to normal sales procedures (except for special matters), that is, sales revenue should be confirmed according to the selling price (constituting taxable value or market price) and output tax should be accrued, and sales cost should be carried forward according to product cost. In this way, the income, cost and profit of the enterprise are reflected in the income statement, which is convenient to provide more real and comparable accounting information, and it is simple and easy to make tax adjustments when filing income tax. (2) Based on the research of new income accounting standards and from the perspective of financial accounting, the author thinks that there should be three possible special circumstances (which I call special matters of self-production and self-use): self-produced products are used in projects under construction; Self-produced products are used for free gifts; Non-monetary assets exchange that has no commercial substance or whose fair value cannot be reliably measured. In 2007, the national accounting professional qualification examination guidance textbook "Intermediate Accounting Practice" used the self-produced products in the accounting treatment of construction in progress, and also confirmed the income at fair value, which is debatable.
Taking A Company Limited (the general taxpayer of value-added tax) as an example, this paper specifically analyzes and explains the tax accounting treatment of self-produced products received by enterprises.
First, the accounting treatment of self-produced and self-used ordinary matters. The ordinary matters of self-production and self-use mentioned here refer to the use of self-produced products and goods by enterprises for self-production and self-use matters other than the above special circumstances. At this time, according to its specific use, the enterprise debits the following subjects: long-term equity investment, dividend payable, employee salaries payable, fixed assets, accounts payable, etc. according to the sum of the price of the product or the taxable value, the market price multiplied by the applicable tax rate and the price of the goods used; According to the determined sales income, credit "main business income" and "other business income" and credit "tax payable-VAT payable" according to the payable VAT.
[Example] A joint-stock company (hereinafter referred to as Company A) uses its product A, the cost of which is 20,000 yuan, and the taxable value (fair value) is 30,000 yuan, and the applicable VAT rate is 17%. Suppose that the product A produced by Company A is not provided with corresponding asset impairment reserve, and the product A is a consumption tax non-taxable consumer goods. When product A is used for different purposes, the corresponding tax accounting treatment is as follows:
(1) used for investment (exchange of non-monetary assets). For the exchange of non-monetary assets with commercial substance and whose fair value can be reliably measured, if the exchanged assets are inventories, whether the premium is involved or not, they shall be regarded as sales, and the sales income shall be confirmed according to the fair value, and the cost of sales shall be carried forward at the same time. The difference between the fair value of the exchanged assets and the book value of the exchanged assets shall be included in the current profits and losses. Therefore, a company's accounting treatment is:
Borrow: Long-term equity investment 35 100
Loan: income from main business is 30,000 yuan.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 5 100
Debit: The main business cost is 20,000 yuan.
Credit: 20000 in stock.
(2) for distribution to shareholders or investors. The enterprise shall debit "dividend payable" or "profit payable" according to the sum of the selling price of the distributed goods or the taxable value, the value-added tax payable obtained by multiplying the market price by the applicable tax rate and the selling price of the goods used; Credit "main business income" and "other business income" according to the selling price of taxable goods or the market price, and credit "tax payable-direct value-added tax (output tax)" according to the payable value-added tax. Therefore, a company's accounting treatment is:
Borrow: dividend payable 35 100
Loan: income from main business is 30,000 yuan.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 5 100
Borrow: The main business cost is 20,000 yuan.
Credit: 20000 in stock.
(3) For collective welfare and personal consumption (non-monetary employee compensation). An enterprise shall, according to the beneficiary and the fair value of the product, calculate the relevant asset cost or current profit and loss, and at the same time confirm the employees' salaries payable, debit the subjects such as "management expenses", "manufacturing expenses" and "production costs" and credit the subjects of "employees' salaries payable-non-monetary benefits". When it is actually distributed to employees, the income shall be recognized, the "salary payable to employees-non-monetary benefits" shall be debited, the "main business income" shall be credited, and the payable value-added tax obtained by multiplying the fair value of self-produced products by the applicable tax rate shall be credited to the "tax payable-value-added tax payable (output tax)", and the related costs shall be carried forward.
Suppose that the A product distributed in the example is equally distributed to the headquarters management personnel and the production workers who directly participate in the production. At this point, the accounting treatment of Company A is:
When Company A accrues employee compensation:
Borrow: management fee 17550
Production cost 17550
Loan: Payable staff salaries-non-monetary benefits 35 100
When Company A pays employees' salaries:
Debit: Payroll payable to employees-non-monetary welfare 35 100
Loan: income from main business is 30,000 yuan.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 5 100
Debit: The main business cost is 20,000 yuan.
Credit: 20000 in stock.
(4) It is used to exchange other non-monetary assets such as production and living materials and consumption materials (non-monetary assets with commercial substance and fair value can be reliably measured). According to the requirements of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.7-Exchange of Non-monetary Assets, the sales revenue shall be recognized at fair value, and the sales cost shall be carried forward.
Suppose that Company A exchanged product A for a car of Company B (which has commercial essence and its fair value can be reliably measured), and the fair value of the car is 40,000 yuan, so Company A paid a premium of 10000 yuan to Company B.. Therefore, a company's accounting treatment at this time is:
Debit: fixed assets 45 100
Loan: income from main business is 30,000 yuan.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 5 100
Bank deposit 10000
Borrow: The main business cost is 20,000 yuan.
Credit: 20000 in stock.
(5) used to pay off debts. Enterprises can divide this business into two parts: one is to sell the inventory materials and commodity products to creditors to obtain payment; The business of selling inventory materials and commodity products is the same as the normal sales business of the enterprise, and its profits and losses are included in the current profits and losses. The second is to pay off debts in the currency obtained.
Suppose that in this case, Company A owes Company C 50,000 yuan for the purchase. Due to the financial difficulties of Company A, the payment due on July 1 2008 cannot be paid in a short time. On August 8, 2008, after consultation between the two parties, Company C agreed that Company A would repay its debts with its A product. On August 10, 2008, Company C received the debt-paid product A, and put it into storage as inventory goods. At this point, the accounting treatment of Company A is:
Debit: accounts payable 50000.
Loan: income from main business is 30,000 yuan.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 5 100
Non-operating income-debt restructuring gains 14900
Borrow: The main business cost is 20,000 yuan.
Credit: 20000 in stock.
In addition, if the goods are delivered to others for consignment, sell goods on a commission basis (which is regarded as a buyout mode) and the goods are transferred to another institution for sale in the same county (city) for self-production and self-use, as they all meet the conditions for revenue recognition, revenue should be recognized and the cost should be carried forward, and the specific accounting treatment will not be repeated here.
Second, the accounting treatment of special matters for self-production and personal use. The special matters of self-production and self-use referred to here refer to the self-production and self-use of products and goods produced by enterprises in the above three special situations. Enterprises should debit "construction in progress", "non-operating expenses", "operating expenses" and "fixed assets" according to their uses, according to the sum of the payable value-added tax obtained by multiplying the selling price of products or the composition of taxable value and the market price by the applicable tax rate; According to the determined product cost, the "goods in stock" is credited, and the "payable tax-payable value-added tax (output tax)" is credited according to the payable value-added tax. However, this accounting treatment does not reflect the income, cost and profit of the enterprise in the income statement, and the income tax law stipulates that such income from self-production and self-use should be regarded as taxable income and taxable income should be calculated. Therefore, enterprises need to make income tax adjustments when calculating income tax at the end of the year.
(1) is used for non-taxable items, such as the construction of fixed assets. Should be based on the selling price or the composition of taxable value, the market price multiplied by the applicable tax rate to get the value-added tax; However, it is not treated as sales in accounting, income is not recognized, and transfer is still made at cost. Because in this kind of regarded sales behavior, the goods have not been substantially transferred, and their ownership, control and management are still owned by the enterprise, and their related risks and rewards have not been transferred. According to the analysis of the five conditions of revenue recognition mentioned above, this behavior does not meet the conditions of revenue recognition, and it cannot be recognized as revenue that can only be carried forward at cost. Therefore, a company at this time &; "it processing is:
Borrow: Construction in progress 25 100
Credit: 20000 in stock.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 5 100
(2) for giving away to others for free. When the self-produced products are used as free gifts to others, the value-added tax payable shall be obtained by multiplying the selling price or the taxable value and the market price by the applicable tax rate; However, it is not treated as sales in accounting, and the income is not recognized but transferred at cost. Because although the ownership of the gift has been transferred, the enterprise has not obtained economic benefits, and its assets and owners' rights and interests have not increased. Therefore, it does not meet the conditions for revenue recognition, and it cannot be treated as income and can only be carried forward according to cost. Therefore, a company's accounting treatment at this time is:
Debit: non-operating expenses 25 100
Credit: 20000 in stock.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 5 100
(3) It is used in exchange for other non-monetary assets such as production and living materials and consumption materials (non-monetary assets exchange that has no commercial substance or whose fair value cannot be reliably measured). When the self-produced products are used for the exchange of non-monetary assets that have no commercial substance or the fair value of the replaced assets or the exchanged assets cannot be reliably measured, regardless of whether the premium is involved, they should be transferred at cost, and the income should not be recognized at fair value. In addition, it also belongs to this type, and the consignment expenses are settled by collecting commission fees, and the income is not recognized. The principle is similar, so I won't repeat it here.