1, the order suddenly increased sharply.

When the size of the buyer is average, the orders placed to the operator suddenly increase, and these orders are not transferred from other suppliers, so it is necessary to pay attention to whether the buyer has enough downstream sales ability. If the buyer is too optimistic about downstream sales, the risk of blind procurement may eventually be transferred to the supplier.

2. Dealing with multiple suppliers at the same time.

If the same type of products are purchased by multiple enterprises, the buyer's real concern may not be the supply capacity of export enterprises, but to let more suppliers sell on credit, thus occupying upstream funds to finance themselves. Once there is a problem in the buyer's capital chain, it will be transmitted to the upstream enterprises, and the impact is often very wide.

3. Downstream is a single emerging market.

For example, when a single market is a high-risk emerging market, it needs to be regarded as significant negative information. Any trouble in the downstream market will seriously affect the buyer's business. There are a large number of middlemen in UAE and China. Due to the difference of terminal market, the risk of UAE buyers is much higher than that of China mainland and Hongkong buyers.

4, high debt management

When the operating income can't cover the financing cost, or the financing institution tightens the policy, the buyer's capital situation will be seriously affected, and then the upstream suppliers will be in arrears. We need to find ways to understand the detailed information of high debt, including the actual debt level, financing from banks or other institutions, the duration of financing and the continuity of financing policies.

5. The credit period is continuously extended.

Credit sales, which embodies the characteristics of modern international trade, is being widely used and has become an important means for China enterprises to improve their competitiveness.

Due to the habitual thinking, we often lack sufficient vigilance against the buyer's request to extend the credit period. When the credit period required by the buyer deviates from the industry practice and far exceeds the payment period of its downstream sales, it is necessary to guard against whether the buyer intends to use the funds for other purposes.

6. The operation deviates from the main business.

When the operator knows that the buyer is investing in a large-scale non-main business, what he needs to do is not to lament the strength of the buyer, but to care whether the investment will affect his main business, thus affecting the payment. According to experience, few buyers will make up for trade losses through investment income, and more will sacrifice trade to make up for investment losses.

7. Engaged in offshore procurement

With the development of international trade, more and more buyers use legal means to protect their rights and interests in order to reduce the consequences caused by business failure. Typically, a well-known buyer makes offshore purchases by setting up a purchasing company in a third country (region). Due to the independence of the legal person status of the purchasing company, it is difficult to trace its payment responsibility back to its powerful parent company.

In recent years, according to the statistics of China Customs, there are few export businesses to Virgin Islands and Marshall Islands, but the buyers of export contracts account for a considerable proportion in these areas. More commonly, buyers set up purchasing companies in Singapore, United Arab Emirates, China and Hongkong.

8. Buyers' imports in highly regulated countries

In international trade, whether the payment can be received safely depends not only on the buyer's own credit and strength, but also on the country (region) where the buyer is located.

In some countries where trade and foreign exchange are highly controlled, such as Iran and Venezuela, there are many powerful buyers who have a very strong desire to buy goods abroad. However, due to the control of national policies, there is not enough foreign exchange, or the payment for goods cannot be paid smoothly.

Avoidance measures:

1. Attach importance to customer credit investigation and establish customer credit files.

In trade business, customer credit is the foundation, so credit investigation is very important. In view of the large international trade space and the limited on-site knowledge of enterprises, it is an important way to know the basic information, financial reports, bank transaction records and litigation matters of new customers with the help of third parties (such as professional information consulting companies or export credit insurance companies).

These professional companies have professional talent teams, strong information data and global information networks, and will also classify customers according to their own internal indicators for reference by enterprises. Of course, we can also learn more about customers' credit status through official website or on-the-spot investigation. In short, it is to choose customers with good credit as much as possible to cooperate, and not to do business with customers with poor credit rating or bad records.

Based on the customer credit investigation report, enterprises can also establish customer credit files through customer performance records, and timely warn or even blacklist customers with default or bad records to reduce the risk of recurrence.

2. Reasonable choice of international trade settlement methods to reduce the risk of foreign exchange receipts and payments.

(1) Reasonable choice of traditional settlement methods

In view of the current economic situation, import and export enterprises should be as cautious as possible when choosing international trade settlement methods. Generally speaking, for regions and countries with low credit rating, we'd better choose TT or L/C before shipment, and pay attention to the credit status of the issuing bank. If the issuing bank is not strong, it is best to confirm the letter of credit to ensure the safety of foreign exchange collection.

For regions and countries with good credit rating, we can comprehensively consider reducing the cost of L/C banks and improving the competitiveness of enterprises, including diversified settlement methods such as collection and TT.

For import business, try to avoid advance payment (TT before shipment), and if it is unavoidable, try to reduce the proportion of advance payment. In addition, import and export enterprises and even the country should accumulate good credit records of enterprises in the world through the reform and opening up in the past 20 or 30 years and improve the national credit, so as to win the settlement method of collection or payment after arrival that is beneficial to us and saves bank fees in import trade negotiations.

(2) Actively innovate the trade settlement mode.

① Mix and match the traditional settlement modes, and combine more than two settlement modes in a certain proportion according to business needs, which is conducive to promoting transactions and reducing the risk of foreign exchange collection;

According to the actual situation of enterprises, actively using new financial products, such as forfaiting under letters of credit and international factoring without certificates, can accelerate the liquidity of enterprises and optimize financial statements, which is also conducive to expanding overseas markets and increasing trade volume.

3. Avoid risks by purchasing credit insurance.

At present, non-certified settlement (especially export business) has become a trend in the global trade environment, which has brought great financial pressure and foreign exchange collection risk to export enterprises. We should actively use short-term export credit insurance to avoid the risk of foreign exchange collection, and also use the preferential interest rate of local governments for trade financing under credit insurance to withdraw funds in time. Many local governments also subsidize export credit insurance premiums and bill interest in a certain proportion.

For the import business, the import prepayment insurance business launched by China Export Credit Insurance Corporation has also been implemented in pilot enterprises, and import enterprises can carry out prepayment business under the import prepayment insurance, which will undoubtedly escort the smooth implementation of prepayment business of import enterprises. In a word, taking out credit insurance is one of the most important means for enterprises to avoid, reduce or even pass on risks.

4. Use financial instruments to reduce the impact of exchange rate changes on international trade settlement of enterprises.

Import and export enterprises should rely on the professional team of banks or set up their own professional team to track and manage import and export foreign exchange when conditions are ripe, reduce the losses caused by exchange rate changes in time through forward foreign exchange transactions and hedging, and even create profits for enterprises.

The current development trend and characteristics of international trade can be summarized into six aspects:

1, international trade has entered a new round of high-speed growth period, and the role of trade in promoting economic growth is becoming more and more obvious;

2. The trade pattern centered on developed countries remains unchanged, and China has become a new force in the growth of international trade;

3. The multilateral trading system is facing new challenges and global regional economic cooperation is in the ascendant;

4. The international trade structure is advanced, and the development of service trade and technology trade is in the ascendant;

5. The trend of trade and investment integration is obvious, and the leading role of multinational corporations in global trade is increasing day by day;

6. The struggle between trade liberalization and protectionism has intensified, and various trade barriers have emerged one after another.

Baidu encyclopedia-international trade