Section 1 Understanding things in practice
Practice in the second class is the basis of understanding.
L teaching objectives
1, a preliminary understanding of the decisive role of practice in understanding.
2. Initially establish a practical viewpoint, cultivate the spirit of respecting practice, being brave in practice, respecting and loving science, and overcome two one-sided thoughts of belittling practice or reading.
L teaching focuses on difficulties
1, why do you say that practice is the source of knowledge?
2. Why is practice the driving force of cognitive development?
L teaching methods
Discussion combined with narration
L teaching process
Preparation before class: five minutes free speech time. Topic-<; < A person who impressed me deeply > > . The speech focuses on the reasons why he or she impressed you, and how it is embodied (just give one or two examples). Finally, you can talk about what you have learned from his or her strengths or characteristics or what you should learn from him or her.
Introduce a new lesson: A person or an event has left a deep impression in your mind, and you must have had a deep understanding of this person or this event. For example, if the character introduced by the students just now lacks contact and understanding, it is impossible to impress him or him in his own brain. We evaluate a person, such as Jiao Yulu and Kong Fansen, who are good cadres of the Party, Xiao Yuquan, a good policeman, He Jindi and Cha Wenhong, who are our good teachers. Our evaluation and understanding of them are based on the deep feelings left by their touching deeds in the process of serving the people. If we don't contact them and walk into them, we won't get such understanding at all. Therefore, an objective and fair evaluation of a person is based on a deep understanding of them. In this lesson, we will learn the content of the box that practice is the basis of cognition.
Arrange preview tasks: Everyone has had a preliminary preview of the content of this box. Let's give each group three minutes to analyze one aspect of "why practice is the basis of understanding", the first group is the first point, and then in turn. Ask each group to point out what knowledge points should be mastered in this point, and first answer them by our classmates themselves. (1) Practice is the source of knowledge: 1. Why do you say that knowledge can only come from social practice? 2. How do people get their knowledge? Second, practice is the driving force of cognitive development: practice is the driving force of cognitive development. What are the main aspects? 3. Practice is the criterion for testing truth: Why is practice the only criterion for testing truth? Iv. Practice is the purpose of cognition: 1. How is "the purpose of cognition is to practice better" specifically expressed? 2. Since practice is the only source of knowledge, why should we study hard? A. Book knowledge is also the result of predecessors' practice and the crystallization of their wisdom, which can be used directly without wasting time and energy; B everyone's life, energy and practice are limited, while the objective world and its development are infinite. Many of the results of the direct practice of future generations are obtained on the basis of learning from the direct experience of predecessors.
Explanation: Let's take a look at the following four aspects in turn.
First, practice is the source of knowledge
Dai Song, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, painted a story about a cow: during a bullfight, the cow's tail was sandwiched between his legs, but the painted cow's tail went up to the sky, which did not conform to the life habit of the cow, because the painter lacked the practice of in-depth observation.
Question: 1, please give your own examples to tell me what you know through practice? What is the taste of eating fruit? Try it yourself. Whether a dress is suitable for you should try it yourself; Whether you can earn money by buying stocks depends on investigating the operating conditions of the enterprise or company: whether a person is kind or not can only be known through actual contact; Wait)
2. Then why can only practice form an understanding? (This is because cognition is the reflection of the human brain to the objective outside world. This kind of reflection is formed in the process of people's transformation of the objective world, and all kinds of objective things are reflected in the human brain through the contact with the external things through the senses such as eyes, ears, nose, tongue and body, and only after being sorted and processed by the human brain. )
People can get all kinds of knowledge through practice, so what are the specific ways to get these knowledge? Let's take a look at several basic ways to gain knowledge in practice.
Question: Let's review and review the three basic types of practical activities introduced earlier. Which three are they? (activities to transform nature, human society, scientific experiments)
Then people's understanding is also obtained through these three ways. Let's take a look at it in turn.
(1) People's understanding of nature is mainly obtained in the production activities of transforming nature.
Question: What have people gained by transforming nature? For example.
The emergence of natural sciences, such as ancient astronomy and mathematics, came into being and developed in the practice of agricultural production. In human history, the earliest production activities were animal husbandry and agriculture. To graze and plant, it is necessary to calculate the time and master the regularity of day and night alternation, seasonal change and climate change. Astronomy is gradually produced because of the needs of production activities. Mathematics also comes from practice. In primitive society, human beings collectively hunted and fished and shared the fruits of labor, which gradually produced activities such as counting and measuring.
(2) People's understanding of society is mainly obtained in the activities of changing society.
Question: What knowledge have people gained through the activities of changing society? For example.
People's understanding of the importance of unity and cooperation among people is obtained in social activities, which is conducive to working together and exerting collective wisdom to solve problems more effectively and quickly. If China joins the WTO, it must strengthen exchanges and cooperation between countries, so as to be more conducive to its own economic development and integration with the world. The completion of some literary works is also based on the prototype of real life. Art is higher than life, but it is also based on life. For example, a collection of notebook essays written by Shanghai writer Yu Qiuyu, The Traveler Boundless, was written after traveling with Hong Kong Phoenix Satellite TV for more than half of China last year.
(3) Scientific experiments are an important source of people's knowledge.
Question: What major scientific discoveries were made with the help of scientific experiments? For example.
Many important discoveries in modern natural science were made through scientific experiments. For example, Madame Curie, a French physicist and chemist, discovered and first refined radium through scientific experiments. Faraday, a British scientist, made clear the relationship between electricity and magnetism through a large number of experiments for ten years and discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, thus establishing the basic law of electromagnetic induction. There are many cutting-edge technologies in modern times, such as cultivating test-tube babies, cloning technology, nanotechnology, and deciphering human genetic codes, all of which are completed through scientific experiments.
People's knowledge is obtained through practice, and at the same time, practice is promoting people's knowledge to develop continuously. Let's take a look at the second question.
Second, practice is the driving force of cognitive development
People's social practice is developing continuously, and people's understanding is also enriched and developed with the development of practice.
Question: Practice promotes the development of cognition. What are the specific aspects?
1, the development of practice constantly puts forward new topics and new requirements for people, and promotes people in practice to constantly explore and solve them, thus promoting the development of understanding.
For example, with the rapid development of modern society, the requirements for people's quality are getting higher and higher. Take the definition of illiteracy as an example. In the 1960s and 1970s, illiterate people were illiterate. Now, UNESCO has made a new definition of illiteracy, and will not use modern automation tools, operate computers, speak English and other modern standards to redefine illiteracy. Therefore, there are many people who will keep pace with the development of the times in the future, keep charging with the times and learn all kinds of knowledge. Therefore, if our classmates will not be eliminated by society in the future, they should cherish the study time and conditions at school and study hard.
2. The development of practice constantly provides people with new cognitive tools and technical means, which makes their understanding reach a new breadth and depth.
For example, in ancient times, people looked at the stars with naked eyes. With the improvement and development of science and technology, more and more high, new and sophisticated equipment were provided for people to observe the astronomical phenomena, such as optical telescopes and radio telescopes. Later, high-energy accelerators and particle colliders were invented, which extended human organs and broadened their horizons.
People's understanding will always be right and wrong. Practice is not only the source of cognition, but also the only criterion to test whether cognition is correct or not. Let's look at the third point below.
Third, practice is the criterion for testing truth.
Question: Why is practice the only criterion for testing truth? (Practice is an activity which is subjective and objective. If subjective and objective are consistent, then understanding is correct, otherwise it is wrong. )
The lesson of the prophetic story: Mr. Nan Guo played the flute for Qi Xuanwang and mixed with the crowd. Later, after Qi Xuanwang's death, his son acceded to the throne. He didn't like many people playing it together and asked him to play it one by one. At this time, Mr. Nan Guo could no longer get away with it and fled from the palace. If it is real gold, it is not afraid of fire. Learning without real talent can't stand the test of practice, and there will always be a day to expose the clues. Therefore, our classmates should be down-to-earth, lay down their basic skills and be honest in their studies. Honesty is now a spiritual quality advocated by all walks of life, and there will always be a day when telling lies, playing fake games, selling fake goods, writing fake news and other fake behaviors will be ruined. Nixon's Watergate scandal forced him to resign.1After Johnson was found to have taken doping at the Seoul Olympic Games in 1988, his title as champion was cancelled and he was banned from participating in the competition for two years. Therefore, our classmates should also learn from these dishonest behaviors, be honest and do things in a down-to-earth manner.
Finally, let's see that practice is the purpose of understanding.
Fourth, practice is the purpose of understanding.
Knowledge is produced on the basis of practice, which in turn serves practice, guides people's practical activities and achieves the goal of transforming the world. For example, we learn the operation methods of various computer technologies in order to better use and maintain computers; When investors invest everywhere, they always have to make an on-the-spot investigation to see whether a certain place has the value of investment before making a decision. Shanghai has attracted the attention of many foreign businessmen because they have seen the infinite business opportunities in Shanghai and the rich returns they will get in the future.
Here, we should also introduce a small knowledge point, namely direct experience and indirect experience.
Question: 1, after reading the textbook, please answer what is direct experience and what is indirect experience?
2. Since practice is the only source of knowledge, why should we study hard?
L class summary
In this lesson, we introduced the knowledge that practice is the basis of cognition, and emphasized that we should master four knowledge points, namely, practice is the source of cognition, practice is the driving force to promote the development of cognition, practice is the standard to test truth and practice is the purpose of cognition. Among them, practice is the source of knowledge, and it is also the key and difficult point. I hope that through the study of this section, everyone will initially establish a practical point of view and cultivate the spirit of respecting practice, being brave in practice, respecting science and loving science.
L classroom exercises
Comment on the following viewpoint: "Reading is learning, using is also learning, and it is more important to learn."
L ke Hou Ji
From the teaching content, we can better grasp the key points and difficulties of this box, analyze the knowledge points in simple terms, and combine the theoretical things in the book with the actual life to make it easier for students to understand and master. However, there is still a lack of skills in the organization and handling of content, and there are many contents. The rationality of arrangement and the precision of organization and the screening of case materials need to be improved and improved.
From the perspective of teaching methods, the method of combining discussion with explanation, in which students first find problems, put forward problems and solve them by themselves on the basis of preview, can get better results and improve the efficiency of learning compared with teachers who point out problems and then organize discussions. In the process of mutual discussion, we can brainstorm, so that the cooperative and United learning style can be cultivated.
From the perspective of teaching effectiveness, students can actively cooperate with the teacher's process, actively think, express their opinions and opinions enthusiastically, answer questions, use their brains, activate their thinking, and combine the theoretical study of books with the actual life experience to understand, which reflects the timeliness and timeliness of political teaching and has achieved good teaching results.
From the point of time arrangement, due to too much content and compact arrangement, there are some improper handling of thickness and primary and secondary in the teaching process, which needs to be overcome in the future teaching process.