He Shen is synonymous with corrupt officials. His lawlessness is an open secret of the imperial court, and all the ministers know it. However, he is a favorite of Emperor Qianlong, and no one can help him, including Emperor Jiaqing himself, who is nominally in power. In the third year of Jiaqing, Qianlong's tomb died, and He Shen became a prey in a cage. A white silk ended his life, and his property became the private money of the emperor and members of the royal family. Emperor Qianlong's reign was as long as his grandfather Kangxi's. He could have surpassed his grandfather. Because he didn't want to be disrespectful to his grandfather, he decided to abdicate to the fifteenth son of Emperor Yi Yan at the end of the sixty years of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1795). The official succession ceremony was held in the Hall of Supreme Harmony on New Year's Day the following year. Emperor Qianlong was the emperor's father for three years. In the last years of Qianlong, the so-called prosperous times had only a name. The poverty-stricken population increased rapidly, and the Hui uprising broke out in the northwest, and the Bailian uprising was bred in the hinterland of the Central Plains. The greed of officials was an open secret, and He Shen, the emperor's favorite, was the first corrupt official. He Shen is a native of Zhenghongqi, Manchuria. His surname is Niu Kulu, and his family background is low. He himself was born in Wen Xiu, with a little knowledge of literature and ink, and served as a third-class bodyguard for thirty-four years (1769). It seems that it is difficult to get ahead. Unexpectedly, his handsome appearance helped a lot. After 40 years (1775), the emperor found him when he was reviewing the guards. He Shen's fortunes changed, and he was soon promoted to command bodyguard and deputy commander-in-chief. This was just the beginning of a series of good fortune. In less than a year, he was successively promoted to assistant minister of the Ministry of Housing and Minister of Military Aircraft, minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, commander of the infantry and tax supervisor of Chongwenmen in Beijing. In other words, he was in charge of finance, military defense in both capital city and served as the actual prime minister. Emperor Qianlong even gave He Shen a small job of tax supervision in Chongwenmen, regardless of his humble position, which shows the degree of his favor. Four years later, he was promoted from assistant minister to minister, that is, vice minister was promoted to minister, and deputy commander was changed to commander-in-chief. Above the minister of internal affairs, he was awarded the title of bodyguard minister, above the minister of military aircraft, he was also the minister of deliberation and command, and he was also the president of the Imperial Academy. He achieved the unique highest power and prestige under the emperor, and Qianlong emperor and the filial princess were betrothed to the son of He Shen, and the two men formed their children's in-laws. This kind of prizing exceeded the routine and also broke the balance of the imperial administrative system. Originally, the emperor was the supreme ruler, and the chief minister of military aircraft represented all the ministers in the outer court, and was responsible for conveying the opinions of the ministers to the emperor. The two powers of the monarch and the minister restricted each other by being humble and accepting advice, so the court affairs were clearer. However, He Shen blocked this communication channel from top to bottom. He colluded with eunuchs, learned about the emperor's likes and dislikes, and treated the emperor very thoughtfully and appropriately. Qianlong did not hear any different opinions, but He Shen got the power and wealth second only to the emperor. Any news that was not conducive to him or his henchmen could not reach the emperor's ears. Even if it occasionally reached He Shen, there were ways to destroy the evidence. For example, in the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790), Yin Zhuangtu, a bachelor of cabinet, tried to impeach provincial officials to move the silver stocks privately, resulting in a shortage of silver stocks. Qianlong was furious and sent Yin Zhuangtu to the local authorities for verification. He Shen suggested sending assistant minister Qingcheng to go with him. Lang Qingcheng was nominally a collaborative visit. In fact, he was constrained everywhere. Everywhere he went, he was responsible for delaying Yin Zhuangtu and letting those officials borrow money to fill the deficit. As a result, Yin Zhuangtu got nothing, but lost his official position because of malicious accusations. Anyone who dares to oppose He Shen will come to a bad end. There is only one exception. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782), suggestion Qian Feng impeached He Shen's henchmen, Shandong Governor Guotai and Buzheng Yu Yijian, but He Shen did not succeed in repeating the same trick. The reason was that Zuodu suggestion Liu Yong strongly supported Qian Feng behind his back. Emperor Qianlong ordered He Shen, Liu Yong and Munuoqing to investigate the case together. Liu Yong found out that He Shen would send someone to Shandong and informed Qian Feng. The result of the two men's discussion was to play along. Qian Feng went south in advance in disguise and met people sent by He Shen in Liangxiang, not far from Beijing. He secretly wrote down this person's appearance. When he arrived in Jinan, he saw this person riding north. Qian Feng immediately ordered his followers to capture it and searched out Cathay Pacific's reply to He Shen from him. Arriving in Jinan, He Shen claimed that the spot check was finished that day, and he was sure that Cathay Pacific had made up the silver in stock. Qian Feng disagreed. He ordered to put a seal on it, and continued the inspection the next day. He unpacked and accepted all the treasury silver one by one, and found that the silver quality was wrong, which did not meet the unified treasury silver standard, and it was like a merchant's silver. Qian Feng posted a notice, announcing that the merchants would collect it themselves, or they would be confiscated and confiscated. Businessmen came in an endless stream, and the treasury was empty. Ganlong was furious when he heard the news, so he caught the two men in the prison of punishments and made them commit suicide. He Shen was at his wit's end and hated Qian Feng. Qian Feng simply went to another book and advised He Shen, as a minister of military affairs, to sit alone in the rest room of the official on duty before working in military department. Except for A Gui, other ministers of military affairs learned from He Shen to find their own places to work. This practice goes against nature, and Emperor Qianlong ordered Qian Feng to take the post of "military department" concurrently, with only one year left. Qian Feng died suddenly. There is no conclusive evidence that He Shen must have done it, but another suggestion, Guan Shiming, who is also the enemy of He Shen, just threatened to rob the chapter, and suddenly died suddenly, which is quite unusual. Emperor Qianlong's devotion to He Shen was endless. In the forty-six years of Qianlong (178 1), A Gui, the minister of military affairs, just won the battle against the Hui uprising, but the emperor made He Shen, who had had no power, hold the title of Minister of War again, and manage the three warehouses of the Ministry of War, which is like letting wolves guard the sheep. Two years later, when the war was completely pacified, He Shen was made a first-class baron, handed over the title of Minister of War, and became two ministers of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and Official Affairs. He was promoted from a co-organizer to a university student of Wenhua Hall for fifty-one years (1786), and became the minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, having the right to manage all the chiefs of the Ministry; In fifty-three years (1789), he was promoted to the third earl; Fifty-seven years (1792) and a bachelor's degree from the Imperial Academy. In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), Emperor Qianlong, as the emperor's father, still did not forget the decree. He Shen was appointed as the minister of the Ministry of Punishment and the minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs. In the third year of Jiaqing (1798), he was promoted to the duke. He Shen was so excited that he forgot that the emperor's father was old. He should prepare a retreat for himself. As early as when Emperor Qianlong was interested in choosing Yi Yan to succeed to the throne, He Shen found out the news early and gave Yi Yan a jade handle on the first day of the announcement, saying that he was judging himself for this matter. Emperor Qianlong retired from the background, and He Shen was even more authoritarian. What can I do for Emperor Jiaqing instead asked He Shen to tell his father that Zhu Si, the teacher of Emperor Jiaqing, was promoted to a college degree by the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and the emperor wrote poems to congratulate him. I didn't expect He Shen to tell the emperor's father that Emperor Jiaqing was "gracious" to his subordinates. As a result, Zhu Si was reduced to the governor of Anhui, and Emperor Jiaqing also offended his father. Emperor Jiaqing forbeared to send, and paid more attention to He Shen on the surface. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), on the third day of the first month, Tai Shang Huang Hongli died. The next day, Emperor Jiaqing ordered He Shen and Fu Changan, ministers of the Ministry of Finance, to take turns to guard the funeral hall, and they were not allowed to enter or leave without authorization, so they were put under house arrest. Then an abrupt imperial edict was issued, ordering that those who failed to encircle the Bailian Sect and those who sheltered behind the scenes should be investigated. On the same day, ministers realized the emperor's intention, so the letter of impeachment of He Shen was sent to Jiaqing Emperor. Emperor Jiaqing announced He Shen's 20 major sins and immediately ordered He Shen to be put in prison. Emperor Jiaqing wanted to put He Shen to death, but because his younger sister was also the daughter-in-law of He Shen, she pleaded with Princess Hyo, and made reference to the suggestions of the ministers of Dong Gao and Liu Yong, she gave He Shen to commit suicide in prison instead. In order to avoid political turmoil, Emperor Jiaqing announced that all the remaining parties in He Shen who can abandon evil and do good will be exempted from investigation. According to the investigation, one-third of He Shen's property is worth 223 million taels of silver, and jade, jewelry and exotic western wares are countless. Later, some of them will be given to the royal family. A folk proverb says, "When He Shen falls, Jiaqing has enough to eat.