Nian army gathered in Nanyang, Nanzhao, Tangxian (now Tanghe) and other places in southern Henan to start an uprising.
1852:
The drought in northern Anhui increased the number of farmers. Bozhou people Zhang Luoxing, Gong Deshu, etc. gathered ten thousand people to attack Yongcheng, Henan.
In November, Nianzhong made a bloody alliance in Luoheji, Bozhou, Anhui Province (now Guoyang, Anhui Province), pushing Zhang Luo as the leader of the alliance and revolting against the Qing Dynasty, which was known as "eighteen shops gathering righteousness".
1853:
On May 2th, Marx wrote China Revolution and European Revolution.
1854:
On July 11th, the government of Ryukyu Kingdom and Brigadier General Perry of the US Navy signed the Treaty of Repairing the Port of Naha in both Chinese and English.
During the Crimean War, Nightingale led 38 nurses to the front line to care for British soldiers, and the death rate of soldiers dropped from 42% to 2.2%.
1855:
French prefect Jean led a fleet to Ryukyu and coerced Ryukyu to sign the Treaty of Reconciliation between Ryukyu and France by force.
1856:
On February 29th, Zhang Mingfeng, the newly appointed magistrate of Xilin County, according to the villagers' accusation and investigation, sneaked Marai, a French Catholic priest, into Xilin County, Guangxi, China, wearing a religious cloak, absorbed local ruffians and hooligans, colluded with local officials and local tyrants, oppressed the people and raped women, and did all kinds of evil. ) and illegal believers ***26 people were arrested and brought to justice, and two people were sentenced to death in accordance with the law, and the rest were punished separately.
March 3th: The Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, France, Britain, Austria and Prussia signed the Paris Treaty, officially ending the Crimean War.
In July, Zhang Lexing, the leader of Nian Army, accepted the title of Hong Xiuquan and began to cooperate with Chen Yucheng.
On October 1st, Guangdong Navy arrested several pirates and suspected sailors aboard the Yarrow (the Yarrow is a China ship, which was registered with the British authorities in Hong Kong for smuggling convenience, but it has expired).
On October 23rd, the British army began to take action, and within three days, they occupied all the batteries in the Tiger Gate.
on October 27th, British ships shelled Guangzhou city.
On October 29th, the British army invaded the city, robbed the Guangzhou Governor's Office and then withdrew.
in December, the foreign museum was destroyed and reduced to ashes. A British mail ship from Guangzhou to Hong Kong was robbed.
1857:
In January, the British army burned thousands of houses near the foreign firm, but later withdrew from the Pearl River inland for waiting for reinforcements.
In the spring, the Nian army split up and fought separately.
on December 28th, the allied forces of Britain and France shelled Guangzhou, and Guangzhou fell the next day.
1858:
On May 2th, Dagukou fell.
On May 28th, Yishan signed the Aihun Treaty with Russia, which was not recognized by the Qing government.
On June 13th, Gui Liang signed the Tianjin Treaty with Russia, Britain, France and the United States respectively.
On November 8th, Gui Liang and other representatives of Britain, France and the United States respectively signed the Treaty on the Aftermath of Trade Regulations, which stipulated that the opium trade should be legalized; The customs levies taxes on import and export goods at the current price of 1% and 5%; Foreign goods are transported and sold in the mainland, only 2.5% sub-tax is paid, and all domestic taxes are exempted; Hire an Englishman to help with customs and taxation.
1859:
VanKappeler, the Dutch prefect, led the Dutch fleet to Ryukyu, and signed the Treaty of Repairing Ryukyu and Lan.
In June, Britain and the United States attempted to deter the Qing government from exchanging the instruments of ratification of the Tianjin Treaty by force.
On June 25th, the British and French allied forces were defeated in Dagukou.
in August, John Eliott Ward, American envoy, went to Beijing from Beitang, and when he returned to Beitang, he exchanged the ratification documents of Tianjin Treaty with Hengfu, governor of Zhili. Prior to this, the Russian representative had changed the contract in Beijing.
186:
In April, the British and French allied forces occupied Zhoushan.
In May and June, the British invaders occupied Dalian Bay and the French invaders occupied Yantai.
on August 1st, 18, British and French troops landed from Beitang.
on August 21st, Dagu fell.
on August 24th, Tianjin fell.
on September 18th, the British and French invaders captured Tongzhou.
On September 22nd, Emperor Xianfeng and others left Beijing with the Queen and Yi Guifei in the name of Bei Shou and fled to Rehe Summer Resort.
On October 13th, the allied forces invaded Beijing from Andingmen. The allied forces found that the Qing army abused many people in the British and French envoys to death.
On October 18th, the British and French allied forces occupied Beijing and began to rob and burn the Yuanmingyuan. The British and French allied forces looted and burned the suburbs of Beijing for nearly 5 days, and the royal gardens in the suburbs of Beijing, such as Yuanmingyuan, Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden (Yuquan Mountain), Jingyi Garden (Xiangshan) and Changchun Garden, were all set on fire.
On October 24th and 25th, Prince Gong Yi exchanged the ratification documents of Tianjin Treaty with the representatives of the British and French allied forces, Elgin and Gro respectively, and concluded unequal Sino-British Beijing Treaty and Sino-French Beijing Treaty as supplements to Tianjin Treaty.
On November 2nd, the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty (the Aihui Treaty was recognized in the same period).
1861:
On August 22nd, Xianfeng died, and Zai Chun succeeded to the throne at the age of 6. (On his deathbed, he gave two imperial seals engraved with "Imperial Reward" and "Fellow Family" to the Queen and Yi Guifei respectively, and issued a letter saying that all the imperial edicts issued by the new emperor after that must be printed with these two imperial seals to be effective)
In September, Ceng Guoquan conquered Anqing.
On the night of October 2nd, Su Shun was arrested in Miyun on his way back to Beijing to escort Emperor Zigong of Xianfeng, and was subsequently imprisoned. Soon after, he was beheaded at the food market, at the age of forty-five.
On December 2nd, Empress Ci 'an (24 years old) and Empress Cixi (26 years old) listened to the government.
1862:
(the first year of Tongzhi) In June, Hong Xiuquan ordered Taiping troops from all over the country to return to Tianjing, and Taiping troops assembled 2, troops. Since October, they fought against Xiang Army for more than 4 days, but failed to win.
1863:
In March, Prince Sengqin of Qing Dynasty captured Luoheji in Bozhou (now Guoyang County, Anhui Province), and Zhang Lexing was captured by a traitor and sent to Qingying for murder.
1864:
On June 1st, Zun Wang Lai Wenguang and Liang Wang Zhang Zongyu merged the remaining Taiping Army and Nian Army into a joint force. Lai Wenguang was promoted as the leader. Reorganize and reorganize the Nian Army with the military system of Taiping Army. Lai Wenguang officially awarded the new king of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to the generals of Twisting Department; The new Nian Army adopts flexible tactics, and moves easily to ride, galloping between Henan, Shandong and the Soviet Union, gaining momentum. Gradually become a cavalry unit of about 1, people.
on July 19th, Tianjing of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom fell.
On October 7th, Ming Yi, a representative of the Qing court, and Babcov, a representative of Russia (September 7th, Tongzhi 3rd year, September 25th, 1864), signed the "Sino-Russian Survey and Division of Northwest Boundaries" in Talhabatai (now Tacheng). After that, China and Russia successively signed three demarcation protocols, namely, the Kobdo Boundary Treaty, the Ulyasutai Boundary Treaty and the Talbahatai Boundary Treaty, and tsarist Russia occupied 44, square kilometers of territory east and south of Balkashchi (Lake Balkhash) in northwest China and north and south of Zhaisannur (now Zhaisanbo).
1865:
On May 18th, the Nian army ambushed in Cao Zhou, Shandong Province, and wiped out the hot pursuit of Sangrinqin's headquarters. North China shook and Yanjing was under martial law. Jingshi ordered Zeng Guofan to suppress twisting.
1866:
Since October, the allied forces have been divided into East and West armies. Lai Wenguang and Ren Zhu continued their activities in the Central Plains, serving as the Dongnian Army; Zhang Zongyu and Zhang Zhuo entered Shaanxi to contact the Hui people's uprising and joined the West Twist Army.
1867:
At the beginning of the year, Xi Nian Army finally entered the area north of the Yellow River and east of the Canal in Shandong, and was surrounded by Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang.
1868:
In January, Dongnian Army was wiped out.
meiji restoration in Japan.
In August, the Xi Nian Army was wiped out, so far the Nian Army failed.
1872:
Japan's Ryukyu Kingdom was named "Ryukyu Francisco".
the first batch of 3 "young children" went to the United States to study, which was called "young children going abroad" in history.
1873:
In the first month, Zai Chun (Tongzhi) took charge of the government at the age of 18.
On July 18th, ten people (three princes and princes, three ministers in command, three military ministers and one master), such as Prince Gong Yixin and Wen Xiang, a university student, jointly performed, so please stop the Yuanmingyuan project. The Empress Dowager came forward to mediate and ordered the repair of the Xiyuan Three Seas project.
1874:
Japan launched a war of aggression against Taiwan.
1875:
On January 12th, Zai Chun (Tongzhi) died in hall of mental cultivation at the age of 19.
In July, the Ryukyu Kingdom stopped paying tribute to the Qing government and changed to the Japanese year number.
1879:
On April 4th, Japan announced that Ryukyu was changed to Okinawa Prefecture, and Ryukyu Kingdom was destroyed.