Surveying and mapping refers to the determination and collection of the shape, size, spatial position and attributes of natural geographical elements or surface artificial facilities.
Surveying studies the theoretical and technical disciplines of measuring and calculating the geometric position of ground points, the shape of the earth and the gravity field of the earth, measuring the natural shape of the earth's surface and the geometric distribution of artificial facilities, and combining with the geographical distribution of some social and natural information, compiling various scale maps and thematic maps of the world and local areas.
Also known as measurement.
It includes two main contents: measurement and drawing.
Surveying and mapping is widely used in economic construction and national defense construction.
In urban and rural construction planning, land resources utilization, environmental protection and other work, it is necessary to conduct land survey and map various maps for planning management.
In geological exploration, mineral development and water conservancy and traffic construction, geological survey, control survey of various building design and construction, mine survey, route survey and topographic map must be carried out.
Marching operations need military maps, as well as accurate geocentric coordinates and gravity field data to ensure that long-range weapons can accurately hit targets.
The main research object of surveying and mapping is the earth and its surface morphology.
In the process of development, geodesy, general surveying, photogrammetry, engineering surveying, marine surveying and mapping and cartography have been formed.