In the fifth year of Xining (1072), he became an official in Henan. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), the old party came to power and was recalled. He served as the secretary of the provincial school, the right secretary, and was promoted to the position of living lang. He moved to the positions of Zhongshushen and assistant minister of the household department until the third year of Chongning (1 104), when he settled in Yingchuan. He died on October 3,112 (1October 25), and after his death, he pursued his bachelor's degree in the Ming Temple.
Chronology of main activities of characters:
In the sixth year of Jiayou (1057), he joined Su Shi as a scholar. Soon after, due to the loss of his mother, he returned to mourning. Jiayou for six years, and with Su Shi, he made a series of lectures. At that time, because of "begging for support", he was not appointed as an official, and since then he has served as an official in Daming House.
In the third year of Xining (1070), he wrote to Shenzong, urging the immutability of the law, and wrote to Wang Anshi, vehemently criticizing the new law.
In the fifth year of Xining (1072), he became an official in Henan. Will Zhang Fangping know Chen Zhou, monarch as a professor.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), his brother Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems "slandering the imperial court". He wrote to ask for atonement for his brother with his official position, but he was not allowed to be implicated and was demoted, and he was sentenced to the salt and wine tax in Yunzhou.
In the fourth year of Zhezong Yuanyou (1089), Su Zhe, the minister in charge of the official department, was sent to Qidan. He also served as the successor in the empire.
In the sixth year of Yuanyou, he worshipped Shang Shu You Cheng, entered the door as an assistant minister, and took charge of state affairs.
In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), the philosophers were in charge of politics, and the new school regained power.
In the year of Shao Shengyuan (1094), he wrote to oppose the current politics, was demoted as an official, became known as Ruzhou, was demoted to Yunzhou, was responsible for granting Huazhou a different ride and being resettled in Leizhou, and was later demoted to Xunzhou and other places.
After worshiping Ning for three years (1 104), Su Zhe settled in Yingchuan, lived a secluded life in the countryside, built a room called "Yilao Zhai", renamed himself "Yingbin Yilao", and took reading and writing as his business. After his death, he pursued a bachelor's degree in the Ming Temple, and decided to bury him.
Su Zhe's life knowledge was deeply influenced by his father and brother, mainly Confucianism, and he admired Mencius most and watched hundreds of schools all over the world. He is good at political theory and historical theory. In political theory, he talks about world events. For example, New Theory (I) says that "today's world affairs are not safe, chaotic but not dangerous, and Ji Gang is rough and not lifted, and there is no sudden change but slow illness". Analyzing the political situation at that time can quite hit the nail on the head. "The Book of the Emperor" said that "in this world, don't be anxious to have no money", and it also hit home. Historical theory, like fathers and brothers, aims at the disadvantages of the times and serves the present. The Theory of Six Kingdoms commented that Qi, Chu, Yan and Zhao could not support Korea and Wei in front and unite against Qin, which was a metaphor for the reality that the Northern Song Dynasty suffered from the enemy in front and was happy and corrupt in the rear. Comparing Liu Bei with Liu Bang, The Three Kingdoms commented that Liu Bei was "short in wisdom but not brave enough", and "I don't know because he was not able to win", which also implied learning from the past.
Ancient prose writing also has its own ideas in ancient prose writing. In the Book of Han Taiwei, a senior official, he said: "The writer is the shape of qi. However, writing can't be learned, but qi can be raised. " It is believed that "nourishing qi" lies in inner cultivation, but more importantly, it depends on broad life experience. Therefore, Sima Qian was praised for "traveling around the world, visiting famous mountains and rivers all over the world, and making friends with Yan and Zhao, so his prose was sparse and quite strange." His style of writing is Wang Yang's, and it is also full of elegance. For example, The Story of Kuaizai Pavilion in Huangzhou combines scenery, narration, lyricism and discussion in one furnace, and is permeated with injustice in the vast ocean, which clearly embodies the style of the author's prose. Su Zhe's Fu is also well written. For example, "Mo Zhu Fu" praised the painter Wen Tong's Mo Zhu, and wrote the modality of bamboo carefully and realistically, full of poetry. Su Zhe tried to catch up with Su Shi in his poems, and there are many poems in existence today, but compared with Su Shi, his thoughts and talents are inferior. In his early years, most of his poems were about trivial matters of life, chanting things and writing scenery, especially with Su Shi. Simple and unpretentious style, poor literary talent. After retiring to Yingchuan in his later years, he learned more about farmers' lives and wrote poems that reflected real life deeply, such as Autumn Crops. Writing personal life feelings, artistic achievements are also more than early, such as "Nanzhaizhu": "Living in a room with little dust, my wife is at leisure. Walking to the south window to repair bamboo, I suddenly saw the old Xishan. " The artistic conception is carefree and the taste is long. Su Zhe has his own ideas about poetry. His "Five Diseases in Poetry" takes the ideological content as the standard, and criticizes Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Han Yu and Meng Jiao. For example, saying that Li Bai is "flashy" and "the Tang Dynasty was artificially ignorant of poetry" is representative in the Song Dynasty.
Back to the River Controversy In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), after the river returned to the north, it still overflowed. In September of the first year of Yuanyou (1086), the court ordered Zhang Wen, the secretary of the court, to discuss Hebei's water affairs. In November, Zhang Wen asked, "Please open a straight river in Nanle Daming and sign a river, and divert water into Suncunkou to solve the downward flood in Beijing", and the discussion of returning to Hedong River resumed. Ministers Wen Yanbo, An Dao, Lv Dafang, Wang Yanmao, Wang Tuan, Du Shui Wang Lingtu, Wang Xiaoxian, Wu An Zhi, Li Wei, etc. all urged to return to Hedong. On the right, Fan Chunren, Su Zhe, Zeng Zhao, Zhao Zhan, Fan Bailu, Cun Wang and Hu Zongyu advocated maintaining the North Stream and opposed returning to the River. In June of the third year of Yuanyou, the emperor issued a letter saying: "The Yellow River has not returned to its old course, and it will eventually be a disaster for Hebei. What Wang Xiaoxian and others have discussed is that they have tried to promote the service, but they can't win it. They should continue to work and materials, and they must definitely return to their old ways. The three provinces and the Privy Council will implement it quickly and through consultation. " Facing the trend of speeding up the return to the river, Su Zhe strongly opposed it, saying to the effect that: "After years of discussion, there are 20,000 soldiers and more than 300,000 piles. Fanghe suffered from disasters and disadvantages, and the people secretly sighed. " "Today, Xiao Wu burst into the ground, and Sun Cun opened it, and his feet were limited. Not only can he not return to the river for a brief introduction, but he will also be unable to divide water. In the nature of the Yellow River, if it is urgent, it will flow through, and if it is slow, it will silte up. There is no tendency for everything to be urgent, so why should the two rivers run in parallel? Even if the two rivers are parallel, it will be twice as expensive to set up dikes. " In the course of dredging, he refuted three theories, namely, "the imperial river lost its benefits", "the flood in the north of Hebei Province is harmful, and public and private losses", and "the river migration is impermanent, in case it enters the sea from the Khitan border, the border defense is unprepared", and strongly advocated stopping the battle of returning to the river.
In the first month of the fourth year of Yuanyou, the imperial court issued a letter to stop returning to the river and repairing the reduced river; In July, the Nangong in Jizhou was in a critical situation, but the water superintendent still insisted on the eastward flow or "two branches" to relieve the evil. In August, Su Zhe once again said: "At the turn of summer and autumn, summer and rain are frequent. The river surged out of the shore and traveled eastward from Suncun, covering every year. However, Li Wei and the envoys of the river were floundered, and in the name of dividing water, they wanted to send back the discussion of the river, so the water supervisor made peace with them. When the river is booming, you can't ask for it. Is the minister happy to hear that it is in line with himself? " "I would like to be urgent and have a division, and Xu Guan's water potential will follow the old example of rising water for many years. Because of its eastward overflow, I introduced the old road to relieve Beijing's worries. If the old embankment is broken, it will be slightly repaired to avoid its overflow. As for talking about the river, entering the contract, etc., everything will not be successful, and we will discuss it after the river situation is settled. " In February and September of Yuan You's fifth year, Su Zhe advised twice to stop the eastward flow, and demanded that "it is the crime of bullying and ignoring Wu An and Li Wei's water supervisors", and even warned with the words "If the river department does not stop, if Li Wei does not go, the river will not go downstream, and the creatures in the river will not live in peace". However, the center dominated by the Empress Dowager always tended to flow eastward. Although it was intermittent, by October of the seventh year of Yuanyou, most of the river had flowed eastward. In the year of Shao Shengyuan (1094), "the north flow is closed, and the water of the whole river is returned to the old road." This time, the Yellow River resumed its eastward flow, but only five years later, in the second year of Yuanfu (1099), the Yellow River burst in Neihuang, the eastward flow was cut off, and the mainstream tended to flow northward, still reaching the sea around Ganningjun. Wu An Zhi, Zheng You, Li Zhong and Li Wei, who actively advocated returning to the river, were condemned by the court and "cast away", ending the debate on returning to the river for the third time. (For the quotation, see History of the Song Dynasty, Hequ Zhi).
The above are the brief information of Su Zhe collected by Chengnan Experimental Middle School and the complete collection of Su Zhe's poems.