Text 1. Communication Engineering
With the development of electrical information, communication engineering has become one of the hottest engineering majors for college entrance examination students in recent years.
Communication engineering majors mainly study signal generation, information transmission, exchange and processing, as well as theoretical and engineering applications in computer communication, digital communication, satellite communication, optical fiber communication, cellular communication, personal communication, stratospheric communication, multimedia technology, information superhighway and digital program-controlled exchange. With the invention of telegraph by Americans in the19th century, modern communication technology has been produced. In order to meet the growing technical needs, communication engineering has become a subject in American university education, and it has developed rapidly with the continuous improvement of modern technology.
(2) The main disciplines of this major are information and communication engineering, electronic science and technology, computer science and technology.
This major systematically studies the basic knowledge of mathematics and physics, English, computer series courses, analog and digital circuits series courses, and at the same time studies the basic courses of signal and system, digital signal processing, electromagnetic field and electromagnetic wave, communication principle and so on.
According to the needs of modern communication development, this major has four major directions: (1) communication network and switching; (2) Optical fiber communication; (3) wireless communication; (4) Information processing and multimedia technology. Students can learn the main professional courses of communication engineering in an all-round way, and at the same time, they have their own strengths in a certain professional direction.
After graduation, I can engage in the research, design, technology introduction and technology development in the fields of wireless communication, television, large-scale integrated circuits, intelligent instruments and applied electronics, and design and communication engineering. In recent years, graduates are concentrated in communication systems, high-tech development companies, research institutes, design units, financial systems, civil aviation, railways, governments and universities.
(3) Graduates of this major, as senior engineering and technical talents in scientific research, engineering design, equipment manufacturing and network operation, are active in communication network and exchange, optical fiber communication, wireless communication, information processing and multimedia communication, and are engaged in the research, design, development, operation and technical management of communication equipment, systems and networks. They are the backbone of the domestic information and communication industry, and are also distributed in joint ventures and foreign enterprises.
Colleges and universities with strong strength in setting up communication engineering are: Tsinghua University, xidian university, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, National University of Defense Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Peking University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Southeast University, Beijing Jiaotong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University and Xi 'an Jiaotong University.
Second, the mechanical design and manufacture and automation
This major trains senior engineering and technical personnel with basic knowledge and application ability of mechanical design and manufacturing, who can engage in design and manufacturing, scientific and technological development, applied research, operation management and sales in the field of mechanical manufacturing in the first line of industrial production.
Students in this major mainly study the basic theory of mechanical design and manufacturing, learn the basic knowledge of microelectronics technology, computer technology and information processing technology, receive the basic training of modern mechanical engineers, and have the basic ability of mechanical product design, manufacturing, equipment control and production organization management.
The specialty of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation involves many directions in the mechanical industry, such as design and manufacturing, scientific and technological development, applied research, operation management and sales, and is an industry with great social demand. The specific research contents include developing low-pollution automobile engines, providing new materials of aluminum alloy and shape memory alloy with mechanical properties, researching and improving the performance of automobile turbocharged engines, and developing machinery for vibration reduction and noise reduction. With the needs of China's modernization and the development of aerospace, shipbuilding, mining and other industrial fields, machinery manufacturing and automation need to develop by leaps and bounds, and there is great room for development.
The content of teaching is very extensive, but the specific schools focus on different things. The curriculum will be slightly different. The main courses are: mechanical drawing, engineering mechanics, mechanical design foundation, mechanical manufacturing foundation, fluid mechanics and hydraulic technology, engineering thermodynamics, electrical and electronic technology, computer control system, mechanical engineering materials, CAD/CAM technology, precision machining, modern testing technology, electromechanical integration technology, automatic control foundation, and industrial enterprise management. In addition, it is necessary to have a solid foundation in natural science. In my senior year, I had the opportunity to practice in a large manufacturing enterprise, such as going to an automobile factory to actually participate in automobile manufacturing.
After graduating from this major, most of them will become a mechanical design engineer, mainly engaged in the design, manufacture, control and maintenance of mechanical and electrical products, computer control and management, teaching and research of modern enterprises in various colleges and research departments.
In terms of professional training, there are few schools that truly integrate mechanical design, manufacturing and automation, mainly some comprehensive key universities, such as Tsinghua University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Shanghai Jiaotong University. Most engineering schools have more specific or subdivided majors, such as agricultural machinery design, manufacturing and automation.
III. Business Administration
The success of enterprises and economic development depend not only on the technical level, but also on the management level. How to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, how to reduce business costs, how to seize fleeting business opportunities, and how to formulate the development strategy of enterprises according to market prospects are all problems to be solved by industrial and commercial management. Business administration is a highly applied discipline, and its goal is to make effective enterprise management and management decisions by using modern management methods and means according to the basic theories of management and economics. Business administration focuses on cultivating students' management ability, so learners need to have certain leadership potential.
The basic theoretical courses of this major include: economics, economic law, management, enterprise strategic management, operation management, human resource management, accounting, statistics, computer programming, database principle and application, etc. In addition, classroom teaching also includes many very interesting discussion classes, case analysis classes and so on. Of course, there are still many practical opportunities: conducting social surveys, conducting management internships in enterprises, or providing management consulting for local small and medium-sized enterprises, etc., which provide you with a stage for applying what you have learned and will also make your college life more rewarding.
After graduating from this major, I am engaged in management work in economic and government departments. Graduates majoring in business administration have a wide range of employment, and companies, enterprises and government departments are all their useful places.
There are many universities offering business administration majors, which are close to 1000. When choosing, we should pay attention to the faculty, dominant majors and whether there is a good cooperative relationship with enterprises. Enterprise management of Renmin University of China is a national key discipline, and Guanghua School of Management of Peking University and Tsinghua School of Economics and Management all have very good business administration majors. Other majors like Nankai University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Fudan University are all good.
Fourth, computer science and technology
This major trains high-level scientific and technical personnel who have good scientific literacy, systematically and well grasp the basic theories, basic knowledge and basic skills and methods of computer science and technology, including computer hardware, software and application, and can engage in computer teaching, scientific research and application in scientific research departments, educational units, enterprises, institutions, technology and administrative departments.
Main subject: computer science and technology
Main courses: circuit principle, analog electronic technology, digital logic, digital analysis, computer principle, microcomputer technology, computer system structure, computer network, high-level language, assembly language, data structure, operating system, calculation method, discrete mathematics, probability statistics, linear algebra and algorithm design and analysis.
Similar majors: microelectronics, automation, electronic information engineering, geographic information system, communication engineering, computer science and technology, electronic science and technology, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering and automation, information engineering, information science and technology, software engineering, film and television art technology, network engineering, information display and photoelectric technology, integrated circuit design and integration system, photoelectric information engineering, radio and television engineering, electrical information engineering, computer software, Power engineering and management, intelligence science and technology, digital media art, detection guidance and control technology, digital media technology, information and communication engineering, building electrical and intelligent, electromagnetic field and wireless technology.
Employment status of graduates
1, the employment prospect of network engineering is good. After graduation, students can go to large telecom service providers and large communication equipment manufacturing enterprises at home and abroad for technical development, and they can also go to other enterprises and institutions to engage in design, maintenance, education and training in the field of network engineering.
2. The employment prospect of software engineering is very broad. After graduation, students can go to many domestic and foreign software enterprises, state organs, information technology departments and education departments of large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions to engage in technical development, teaching, scientific research and management in the field of software engineering. You can also continue to study for graduate students majoring in computer science and technology and master of software engineering.
3. Communication students can engage in research, teaching and engineering work of communication technology and electronic technology in information industry, finance, post and telecommunications, transportation, national defense, colleges and research institutions after graduation.
4. The major of network and information security is wide-caliber, and the main subjects are information security and network engineering. After graduation, students can be senior professional engineering and technical personnel who can manage and serve the computer network system and information security in government, national defense, military, telecommunications, electric power, finance, railway and other departments. And can continue to study for a master's degree in information security, communication, information processing, computer software and other related disciplines.
Demand analysis of talents: 1. There is a large demand for computer application professionals in China; 2. The demand for CNC talents has increased; 3. Software talents are optimistic; 4. The demand for talents in telecom industry continues to grow.
There are basically two routes for the career development of graduates majoring in computer science and technology:
The first kind of route, pure technical route; Information industry is a sunrise industry, which puts forward higher requirements for talents, because the characteristic of this industry is that technology is updated quickly, which requires employees to constantly supplement new knowledge, and at the same time, the requirements for employees' learning ability are also very high;
The second route, from technology to management, is especially common in the computer industry. For example, writing programs is a very intensive job. With the growth of age, many professionals in this industry often feel overwhelmed, so it is a good choice to transform from technical talents to management talents.
Five, foreign language and literature majors
While learning a foreign language, we should study the literature, history, politics, economy and culture of all countries in the world in order to promote international cultural, technical and economic exchanges in this language. You can learn English, Japanese and French, and you can also learn some non-common languages, such as Spanish and Italian. In learning, the ability to master and use the language freely is the first, from practicing pronunciation to learning knowledge of morphology and grammar, and finally to reading, speaking, discussing, translating and writing articles in a foreign language. In short, you will be immersed in a foreign language all day after entering school. This major also requires learners' Chinese language ability, and it is also necessary to master a second foreign language.
The main courses of this major include basic foreign languages, advanced foreign languages, audio-visual, oral English, corresponding language writing, translation theory and practice, introduction to linguistics, newspaper reading, simultaneous interpretation, cultural introduction of corresponding countries and cultural exchanges. In the lower grades, students mainly lay a good foundation of the foreign language they have learned, and at the same time, learn professional courses in Chinese on literature, history, economy, politics, culture and other aspects and a second foreign language according to their research direction; From the senior year, I began to take specialized courses offered in foreign languages. Because of the importance attached to the practicality of language, many foreign teachers give lectures. There are many forms of study, including games, music, movies and other forms of professors, and some schools will organize internships in embassies, friendly exchanges with foreign universities and short-term study abroad. It is also very interesting to make friends with foreign friends.
After graduation, most of them hold the following jobs: teachers-working as foreign language teachers in middle schools or colleges; Researchers-go to universities or research institutes to study the corresponding languages; Translation-to engage in translation work in foreign affairs, economy and trade departments of the country; Work as an interpreter in some foreign-related companies and foreign companies; A large number of people will engage in foreign language-related work in institutions and enterprises.
There are many colleges and universities that offer majors in foreign languages and literature. There are more than 350 colleges and universities with English majors in China, more than 140 colleges and universities with Japanese and Russian majors, more than 30 colleges and universities with German and French majors, and many other non-common language majors. It is recommended to choose a comprehensive university or a specialized foreign language university. Among them, Peking University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Shanghai International Studies University, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, beijing international studies university, Xi 'an International Studies University, etc.
Sixth, finance and economics majors
With the rapid development of China's economy, the research of economic disciplines has received unprecedented attention, and economic disciplines stand out among all kinds of disciplines. Thousands of students apply for economics majors every year, and the scene is spectacular.
Six majors in finance and economics, namely economics, international economy and trade, finance, insurance, investment and finance. Among them, the first three majors are also offered in general colleges, and the last three majors are often offered in key colleges.
1. Economics major
Economics can be subdivided into many research directions, including political economics, western economics, regional economics, national economics and so on. Due to the emphasis on basic learning at the undergraduate level, most colleges and universities only offer majors in economics, and only a few powerful key colleges and universities offer majors in various branches, such as the political economy major of China Renmin University and the trade economy major of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law.
2. Major in International Economics and Trade
International Economics and Trade is a foreign-related subject, the core of which is the word "international", which puts high demands on graduates' foreign language level. It is very necessary to master international business language and professional English. Students can supplement their knowledge of foreign trade English when strengthening their English study.
Students who are interested in international economics and trade should not only pay attention to the academic strength of the school, but also examine the geographical location of the school when choosing a school. The development of international trade is highly dependent on geographical location, and the obvious geographical advantages of the eastern coastal areas will not only provide more employment opportunities, but also be more open, which is more in line with the requirements of international trade internationalization.
3. Finance major
With the opening of China's financial market and the maturity of market economy, banks, securities, trusts and other industries have developed rapidly, and finance has become a hot economic discipline in recent years.
"Finance" means the financing, and finance aims to cultivate talents in finance. Solid professional knowledge and good communication skills are the basic requirements for students majoring in finance. With the rapid development of the financial industry in the world today, students majoring in finance should always grasp the pulse of the times, constantly learn all kinds of latest financial knowledge and keep their knowledge updated. In addition, with the development of economy, there are other high requirements for finance major, such as higher requirements for professional skills and foreign language ability, which requires students to have outstanding foreign language level and professional skills while learning professional knowledge well.
4. Finance major
Compared with the characteristics that economics covers a wide range and international economics and trade focuses on the "international", the content covered by finance is much smaller. Students majoring in public finance will master the basic theory and knowledge of public finance and have the basic ability to deal with fiscal and tax affairs through in-depth study of core courses such as public finance, national budget, tax management, international taxation and state-owned assets management.
The specialty of public finance is characterized by emphasizing the ability of "accounting". It can be said that the major of public finance trains the "accounting" of the national tax department. In the study work, we need to use mathematical tools, especially the knowledge of statistics and auditing. Students who are good at mathematics and logic or are interested in it will have an advantage. Students who are more cautious and careful are less likely to make mistakes and are suitable for learning this major well and engaging in related work.
Graduates majoring in finance can engage in tax planning, asset management and auditing in government financial departments, such as the Ministry of Finance and the Tax Bureau, or do tax returns and audit financial statements for enterprises in accounting firms, or engage in tax consulting services, or do tax planning in the finance department of large enterprises.
5. Insurance major
Insurance major is mainly set up to meet the demand of insurance professionals in China's insurance industry, and its core courses include insurance, property insurance, personal insurance, risk management, reinsurance, actuarial science and so on. At the undergraduate stage, students have to lay a solid foundation in mathematics and foreign languages. Most schools require to take economic courses such as finance, accounting and investment to build a broad economic knowledge background. Some schools also supplement marketing and legal knowledge, such as insurance marketing, international economic law, international trade and international commercial law.
Don't mistake the insurance major for training front-line insurance salesmen. Insurance is an industry and a complete system. From the design of insurance types, the customization of insurance premiums to the sales of insurance, insurance talents need to participate in every link. For example, the actuarial direction in insurance requires students' mathematical ability to be very high, and such talents are often the most scarce. In addition, the knowledge system of risk management and reinsurance direction is very complex and useful, which is not so simple as insurance marketing.
6. Investment major
Investment, as a science, is a systematic study of investment, so as to carry out investment activities more scientifically. Investment science mainly includes several research fields such as securities investment, international investment and enterprise investment. The major of investment science aims to cultivate high-quality investment professionals who have a contemporary world political and economic vision, understand China's investment policies, and can engage in investment management and investment consulting in financial institutions such as banks, securities companies, asset management companies, funds and trust companies. Investment science should not only learn the basic knowledge of economics, but also be backed by a solid professional knowledge base. We should not only be familiar with the macro investment policy background, but also master the micro skills of various investments. Therefore, it is suggested that students might as well save a small amount of money to speculate in stocks while doing a good job in class, put themselves in the investment activities and accumulate some valuable experience.
Zhongnan University of Economics and Law is the earliest institution that set investment as an undergraduate major, and its strength is also among the best. At present, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Central University of Finance and Economics and Southwestern University of Finance and Economics all offer undergraduate majors in investment. In 2007, university of international business and economics added an investment undergraduate major and began to recruit students.
Representative colleges of finance and economics: 1. Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; 2. university of international business and economics; 3. Central University of Finance and Economics; 4. Southwestern University of Finance and Economics; 5. Zhongnan University of Economics and Law; 6. Dongbei University of Finance and Economics.