Smart since childhood, in the draft of Qing history, Yu Jiayan said, "Young people can be uninhibited and swim with Chen Jitai."
During the apocalypse, 45-year-old Gongsheng was admitted to the examination. Yu Jiayan is only Gao Zhiyuan, but he is not proud of his official career.
During the Chongzhen period, when he went to Beijing to study as a deputy list of tribute students, he was still full of ambitions, hoping to make a difference because of this. He once wrote to the court in the name of all the students, stating his views on assisting the country's politics and demanding "repairing the rule of law." However, because people spoke lightly, his opinions did not attract the attention of the already shaky Ming Dynasty. Yu Jiayan was depressed for three years in Beijing, so he had to go on an impulse to disappoint. Later, the Qing soldiers entered the customs, so they turned to retreat into Zen, and then they went out to attack doctors. Traveling between Nanchang and Jing' an.
At the age of 50, he cut his hair and became a monk, hiding from others, concentrating on Buddhism and medicine, and studying Huangdi Neijing, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and other medical works. A few years later, he finally chose the road of "not being a good doctor, but being a good doctor", saved his hair and went down the mountain to practice medicine.
In the early Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644-1661year), Yu moved to Changshu, Jiangsu Province, where his medical name was outstanding and he was the best, just like Zhang Luyu and Wu Qian, and he was known as the three famous doctors in the early Qing Dynasty. He is the author of Moral Grass, Shang Lun Pian, Shang Lun Hou Pian, Medical Law, etc.
It is rumored from his family background that he is a native of Jiangxi, whose real name is Zhu, and he is a descendant of Zhu Quan, the king of Ning Xian, the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty. He is of the same origin as Zhu Da (about 1626-about 1705), a famous painter from Badashan in the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Chenhao, the ancestor of Ning Wang, conspired to revolt in the 14th year of Zhengde (1589), which brought misfortune to his family and forced him to change his surname and live in seclusion. I changed my surname from "Zhu" to "Yu" and changed the word "Yu" to "Yu".
Yu Jiayan has only one sister, who is married to Shumou in Jing 'an, a newly-built neighboring county, and his brother and sister have deep feelings. When he was a doctor in his later years, he often traveled between Nanchang, Xinjian and Jing 'an. He spent the most time in Jing 'an, and often treated the peasants. According to Jing 'an County Records, "Jiayan lived in Jing 'an for the longest time, and treated many strange things, and his outdoor trips were often full."
Jia Yan, who practises medicine and helps the world, likes to go out and travel. He is free and easy by nature and likes to travel. Footprints spread all over Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. When I was an adult, I studied Confucianism, attacked my career, had great energy, read widely and was pretentious. Although only Gao Zhiyuan, but the official career is not smooth. During the Chongzhen period, Gongsheng, a vice-list student, went to Beijing to study. After three years in Beijing, he was frustrated and returned home disappointed. He immediately cut his hair and fled into an empty net. During the period of becoming a monk, I studied hard such medical works as Neijing, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Compendium of Materia Medica, laying a good foundation for my future fame. Later, he went out to attack doctors by Zen, and traveled between Nanchang and Jing 'an, covering Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui.
Yu Jiayan practiced medicine everywhere, and there are many legends about it. Once, while sailing on the water in the country, I happened to see a girl who was smashing clothes on the beach. He watched for a long time and found that the girl was strange. It was expected that she was lurking a disease called stuffy pox, which was about to break out. The disease is so dangerous that there is almost no cure. Out of compassion, he ordered people to sneak up on the girl, suddenly hugged her from behind, and used this kind of behavior similar to "* * *" to arouse her anger, vent her anger, weaken her illness, and then detoxified her with medicine, prompting her to expose her acne rash. After many twists and turns, she saved the girl's life.
He took a suspicious drop of blood coffin in Lu Yu. With the rich experience and keen observation of professional doctors, he judged that the "dead" in the coffin was not dead, and the emergency needle operation saved the parturient mother and son who faked their death during childbirth, reunited the husband and wife, and turned the tragedy into comedy. He also saved a pregnant woman in her 50 s who was mistaken by many doctors for a strange disease. While judging that he was pregnant with a boy, he jokingly called the husband (a retired official under the forest) old and "childlike."
Yu Jiayan also had a little-known contact with Qian Qianyi, a famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Qian Qianyi was an academician and a college student during the Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty. One day, Qian went home from a friend's family dinner. When the sedan chair passed by Ying 'en Bridge, the owner fell to the ground and was frightened because of the fall of the sedan chair bearer. As a result, he got a strange disease-his eyes looked up when he stood, and his head felt dizzy, but he was no different from ordinary people when he lay down. Many treatments failed. At that time, Yu Jiayan was in the city. Qian Qianyi immediately sent someone to invite. But Yu Jiayan happens to make house calls. A few days later, I rushed to Qianfu immediately after hearing the news. When I learned the course and reason of the illness, I asked the housekeeper to call a few strong and walking bearers in the house and ordered my family to entertain me with wine and rice. I said to them, "Although you have enough to eat and drink, the next thing you have to do is just to make you happy and play." After the bearers had had enough to eat, he made them stand at the four corners of the courtyard, and the two men held their masters and ran together, running from east to west and then from south to north. Then change each other. The bearers can rest, but the master never stops. The master ran out of breath, and although he was exhausted, he recovered quickly.
At that time, there were other doctors who were hired. Yu Jiayan revealed the mystery in public: "This is because the owner fell to the ground when he fell off the sedan chair, and his left side was pinched (frustrated). Now help him run and scurry, in order to shake up the meridians and make the twisted liver leaves stretch again. Now that the liver leaves are in their place, then the wood gas is smooth and the leader is comfortable. This disease is not effective by drug bait. " After this experience, Qian Qianyi became more convinced of the metaphorical medical skill "God's skill is called holy medicine".
1644, at the invitation of Mr. Qian Qianyi, Duanlu settled at the foot of Yushan Mountain in the north of Changshu, Jiangsu. Qian Qianyi, a great writer in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, is a good friend of Yu Jiayan. He kept Yu Jiayan, so Yu Jiayan settled down at the foot of Yushan Mountain outside the north gate of Changshu County, and opened a thatched cottage clinic to treat the local people. Yu Jiayan treats people with enthusiasm, regardless of men, women and children, regardless of wealth and poverty, he helps everyone who asks him, especially the poor patients. When a poor man goes to the hospital, he not only sends medicine to the doctor, but also carries silver in the medicine bag. When he leaves, he often says, "Be sure to check the medicine yourself before going home to decoct the medicine." Coupled with his superb medical skills, he is highly respected by the medical community. Because of his good reputation, he was invited to be the chief of staff not only by officials or nobles, but also by some officials in Qing Dynasty. However, Yu Jiayan had already given up his official career, so he refused.
There are many students who left Yu Jiayan behind. He trained a large number of accomplished physicians, such as Xu Zhongke and Cheng Yun. In the 15th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1658), Yu Jiayan also opened a lecture hall to explain the "plague" to scholars and colleagues from all over the world.
Wherever Yu's family went, they were all famous for their good doctors. His treatment is rich and poor, and his medication is repeatedly inferred. He is highly respected and skilled, and is deeply respected by his peers. During the Shunzhi period, the court sent a letter to recruit, but it had long been determined to pursue a career, so it was hard to say it. In his later years, he was not satisfied with his famous clinical doctor's name, saying, "I hold the prescription to treat people, and my contribution is temporary;" I write books to teach people, and I am credited with Wan Li. " Therefore, he wrote a book and made a statement, and widely accepted his disciples. He has written and published three kinds of medical books, namely, Moral Grass, Shang Lun Pian and Medical Law, which embodies his academic thoughts and establishes his position in medical history. In addition, Yu's works are Shang Lun Hou Pian and Yu Xuan Gu Wen Experiment. In the research history of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Yu's family is regarded as the representative of the school of rewriting the wrong simplified version. Yu believes that Treatise on Febrile Diseases is a complete book of diagnosis and treatment of four-season syndrome, advocates the theory of three cardinal guides of typhoid fever and sun, and develops Fang Youzhi's understanding. Re-editing Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the main work of Yu's research on Treatise on Febrile Diseases. His disciples, Bin Xu and Kelvin Chen, are all famous for their medicine. Yu lived a good life. According to the Records of Changshu County, in August of the 15th year of Qing Shunzhi (A.D. 1658), Yu Jiayan suddenly suffered a stroke and was in a coma for more than 200 days, and it was not until the following June that he began to get better. During his illness, he also wrote an inscription for his last medical book, Quotations on Warm Syndrome. In A.D. 1664 (the year of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty), the 80-year-old Yu played against Li Zhaoyuan, the national player of Weiqi, for three days and nights, and died suddenly when the game finally closed. Because he had no children, his nephew went to Changshu to support the coffin, and stayed in Xiao Temple in Jing 'an for more than 50 years. During the reign of Yongzheng (1723-1735), Cao Bipin, a physician, took the initiative to welcome the doctors to the Baifu Temple in Nanchang. Later generations erected statues and portraits in the temple to worship. The monks of Baifu Temple built a temple for Mr. Yu next to the temple, and buried its coffin beside the tomb of Xu Zhi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and covered it with Yu Zheng Shi and Xu Gao Shi, which brought out the best in each other.
In the later years of his main works, Yu Jiayan deeply felt that "I hold the prescription to treat people, and the work is at the moment; I write books to teach people, and my contribution is in ten thousand generations. " Therefore, in addition to practicing medicine, he devoted his main energy to writing books and teaching students. He has written and published three books: Moral Grass, Shang Lun Pian and Medical Law. "Moral Grass" is Yu Jiayan's first medical work, and it is also an earlier and more famous personal customized medical record in Chinese medical history. It was first published in A.D. 1643 (the 16th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty). It is written in the style of notes, with two medical treatises in front of the book, emphasizing the diagnosis and treatment procedure of "discussing the disease first, then taking medicine", and defining the format of discussing the disease by itself. Then, I recorded more than 60 difficult medical records, in which the causes and conditions were recorded in detail, the dialectical details were discussed, and the key points and difficult points of each case were pointed out, with many original opinions. At the same time, the book also recorded earlier cases of artificial vaccination to prevent smallpox in China. The full name of Shang Lun Pian is Shang Lun Zhang Zhongjing's (Treatise on Febrile Diseases) Rewriting 397 Laws, also known as Shang Lun Zhang Zhongjing's (Treatise on Febrile Diseases), which was first published in A.D. 1648 (the fifth year of Qing Shunzhi). This book is mainly compiled with reference to Fang Youzhi's (Treatise on Febrile Diseases) in Ming Dynasty, but the compilation times are different and the contents are also supplemented. At the beginning of the volume, there are six medical theories, such as "on the general idea of Zhang Zhongjing (treatise on febrile diseases)" Later, the treatment of six channels of typhoid fever was discussed in detail. The six meridians are discussed in the book, with the Taiyang meridian as the outline, and the Taiyang meridian is also based on the wind-injured defensive, cold-injured camp and cold-injured defensive camp. It is also considered that 397 articles in Treatise on Febrile Diseases are 397 laws, which are transferred under the outline. This view of Yu Jiayan has become an important school in the study of Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Medical Law is a comprehensive medical book, which was first published in 1658. This book combines clinical symptoms and signs, and positively expounds the rules of syndrome differentiation and treatment, which is called "law"; At the same time, it is pointed out that common doctors are prone to make mistakes in clinical syndrome differentiation treatment, indicating the prohibition, which is called "law". To establish the norms of medical practice in the form of law and law, so the title is "Medical Law". These three books embody Yu Jiayan's academic thoughts and establish his position in the medical history of China.
Medical viewpoint advocates the theory of three classes of typhoid fever
He is one of the famous physicians who studied Treatise on Febrile Diseases. His theory of typhoid sun's outline originated from Thousand Daughters' Wings', such as the theory of three outlines of typhoid fever, which has certain influence on later generations. He thinks that although there are exogenous diseases in all seasons, Zhongjing is unique in typhoid fever and the method of treating typhoid fever can be changed and used for other exogenous diseases, so typhoid fever is the outline of exogenous diseases in all seasons. In the "Six Classics of Typhoid Fever", Sun Yi is taken as the outline; In the Sun Meridian, the outline is wind-injured guard, cold-injured camp and cold-injured camp. " This formed the main viewpoint of Yu Chang's Three Cardinal Programmes. Guizhi decoction is used for wind injury, Mahuang decoction for cold injury and Daqinglong decoction for wind and cold injury. If used properly, the cold will be dissolved immediately, and no effort will be spared. The meaning of the theory of three cardinal guides advocated by Yu's family is that ephedra, cassia twig and Qinglong are the three main indications for exterior syndrome of the sun. If the exterior syndrome is treated correctly, there will be no diseases of syndrome change and menstruation transmission, but typhoid fever can be cured in the early stage of illness. Therefore, the theory of Yu's three cardinal guides embodies Zhongjing's early thought of treating diseases. Although later generations raised objections about whether this view conforms to Zhongjing's original intention and whether it has clinical practical significance, we should see the positive significance of Yu's theory.
Put forward the theory of autumn dryness
In his book "Medical Law", he devoted a special article "On Autumn Dryness" to expound autumn dryness alone. It is quite insightful to differentiate the mistake of "autumn injury due to dampness" in Neijing, which has a great influence on the treatment of autumn dryness in febrile diseases and is highly praised by later physicians. As for the pathogenesis of dryness, Yu believes that it is not dryness in autumn, but after the heat, it is followed by cool life, cool life and pyrolysis, and gradually it is cool, and dryness is the line. Although dryness is born in cold autumn, its nature is different from cold and dampness, but it is often hot. This is because "under dryness, internal heat bears it", and dryness is full and cremated. Neijing puts forward that "dryness is superior to dryness", so clinically, dryness on the outside will expose the skin, while dryness on the inside will dry up the essence and blood. Body fluid is exhausted and various changes occur. In short, dryness is a disease, and heat is a prosperous one. Dryness is the main qi of autumn gold, so it is easy to hurt the lungs. As early as Neijing, there was an understanding that "all qi stagnation belongs to the lung" and "all flaccidity, dyspnea and vomiting belong to the upper". This is a disease in which dryness hurts the lungs. For the treatment of dryness, Yu established the famous prescription Qingzao Jiufei Decoction, which is composed of mulberry leaves, stewed gypsum, raw licorice, ginseng, flax seed, donkey-hide gelatin, Ophiopogon japonicus, almonds, loquat leaves, etc., in order to treat qi stagnation, flaccid asthma and vomiting, and lung dryness. The purpose of its medication is to emphasize that it is forbidden to use spicy and qi-promoting products to treat dryness, so as to prevent injury to body fluids and help dryness. In a word, Yu's discussion on dryness is discussed from the generation of pathogenic factors, the nature of pathogenic factors, pathogenic characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment principles and clinical medication. It can be said that Yu has a profound understanding of dryness, and its influence is very far-reaching, which is highly praised by later physicians and still has great influence.
Atmospheric theory
He wrote an article on "Atmosphere" in "Medical Law", expounding "Atmosphere". He believed that the atmosphere is the qi in the chest, which is wrapped around the lungs and treated. The so-called "five internal organs, big meridians and small collaterals, endless circulation at night, must be in the air, mediate in the meantime." His academic viewpoint has great influence on later generations. Yu believes that there is an "atmosphere" in the human body that dominates the whole body. It is precisely because of the role of the atmosphere that the internal organs, large and small meridians play their respective functional activities. If the atmosphere declines, the qi movement of the human body is passive, and it can neither rise nor fall, which leads to "the extinction of the spirit machine and the isolation of the qi", or even life-threatening. Because the atmosphere has such an important role, Yu studied it deeply. He believes that the atmosphere of the human body, that is, the gas in the chest, is held around the lungs. Due to the action of the atmosphere, the functions of zang-fu organs and meridians can be brought into play, and the qi of ying and Wei can be controlled. The atmosphere is everywhere in the whole body, and the circulation is endless, which makes the whole body function normal and full of vitality. Although the atmosphere is the gas in the chest, there is still the gas in the chest and the clan gas. Yu's opinion is that the Qi in Shanzhong, Zongqi and the atmosphere are from the same place, but they are different and should be distinguished.
Treatment must be discussed first.
He believes that when treating a disease, it is necessary to "discuss the disease first, then use the medicine", which gives full play to the spirit of syndrome differentiation and treatment. How can we find out the disease and treat it with a clear aim? He believes that "the disease must be recognized first, and then the medicine should be discussed". Knowing the disease is the premise and basis for discussing the medicine, and puts forward the specific requirements for knowing the disease. The Qi in Shanzhong is a minister and an official, and it has its position, which shows that it has its specific function. The atmosphere is nameless and has no specific function, just like the terrain in the void, presiding over the whole nature. Zongqi, Yingqi and Weiqi are divided into three tunnels. Although they are the masters of the twelve meridians, there are tunnels, which indicate that they have specific meanings, which are different from the emptiness of the atmosphere, and they are also different. Therefore, the atmosphere is higher than the ancestral qi, the qi in the middle of the stomach, the qi in the zang-fu organs and the qi in the meridians. All kinds of human qi are under the control of the atmosphere, so that they can play their respective roles to maintain the functional activities of the whole body. This is Yu's main point of view on the atmosphere. This view has had a great influence on later generations. For example, Zhang Xichun's book "Learning from the West in Medical Enthusiasm" discusses the atmosphere and establishes the soup of ascending depression, all of which are closely related to this thought. However, in this paper, although the atmosphere emphasizes its important significance to human life activities, it still stays at the level of general medication in the past, and the theory and treatment seem to be out of step. It distinguishes the atmosphere from the ancestral qi and the qi in the middle of the stomach, but how to apply it to clinical practice has not been thoroughly expounded, so some people do not adopt its theory.
Personal influence and Yu Chang have made great contributions to the theoretical research of traditional Chinese medicine. They not only have unique experience in the study of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, but also advocate the theory of three cardinal guides, and have made great achievements in the basic theoretical problems of traditional Chinese medicine. His views on atmosphere and autumn dryness are also praised by later generations. In addition, it emphasizes dialectical treatment and advocates standardized diagnosis and treatment, which is also of great academic value. As for his clinical experience, it is also very rich, and it is highly praised by later generations for treating dysentery by using living people to defeat wheat powder to pull the boat against the current, and treating customs by using Qianjin Huanglian decoction to lift yin and yang.
In a word, Yu Chang's contribution to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine is various, not only his unique experience in the study of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, but also his contribution to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, he is known as one of the three famous physicians in the early Qing Dynasty.
Later generations remembered Yu Jiayan's sudden death at the age of 86 when he was playing Go with someone in Changshu. Changshu people in memory of him. Sacrifice his body as an idol. Later, his relatives transported his body back to Nanchang and buried it on the roadside north of Dongtanjuan outside Jinxianmen, Nanchang. Many people from past dynasties came to pay their respects. Luo An, a newly-built scholar, wrote a poem on the portrait: "A master of medicine, a master of Tibetan medicine, a bedside moral." It is better to be famous in art, to be weak or to be suspicious. It's like a deserted temple. The remains are ancient buildings. Pedestrians know the scholars and look forward to worship and piety. " In order to express their reverence for Yu Jiayan, the monks of Baifu Temple built a temple to worship Mr. Yu next to the temple, and buried its coffin beside the tomb of Xu Ruzi, a high official in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Jiang Shiquan, a famous litterateur, wrote "Mr. Yu Jiayan's Remarks on Rebuilding". 1957 Yu Jiayan's tomb was designated as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangxi province. 1966 The tomb was destroyed and is now reburied in the west of the newly-built Wanshou Palace in Xishan.