In addition to following the general principles of asset evaluation, equipment asset evaluation also has the following characteristics.

① Equipment assets account for a large proportion in enterprises (generally 60% ~ 70%). Therefore, equipment asset evaluation plays an important role in the whole asset evaluation.

② Equipment, especially large-scale, heavy-duty, rare, high-precision, numerical control and complete sets of equipment, has higher technical content than other fixed assets. The evaluation of these devices should be based on technical inspection and refer to the price information of domestic and foreign technical markets.

③ In the process of using equipment assets, it will not only produce tangible losses, but also produce intangible losses. It is necessary to carry out full investigation and technical and economic analysis.

(4) For the continuous operation of production line equipment, its constituent units are different types of devices. In order to ensure the accuracy of evaluation, single unit and single unit should be classified and summarized.

Equipment assets evaluation method

At present, there are three widely accepted equipment evaluation methods: replacement cost method, current market price method and income present value method. When evaluating, the evaluation object, specific purpose and pricing standard should be matched and selected.

1. Replacement cost method The replacement cost refers to the cost required to re-purchase or build the same or similar assets as the appraised object on the appraisal benchmark date. In evaluation, two concepts of replacement cost are often used.

Repair and replacement cost: according to the original manufacturing process, materials, design structure and technical conditions and the current price level, rebuild a new equipment exactly the same as the evaluated equipment, which is called repair and replacement cost.

Renewal and replacement cost: refers to rebuilding a new equipment with the same function as the assessed assets according to the current technical standards, processes and materials, which is called renewal and replacement cost.

The replacement cost method refers to the current replacement value of the assessed assets, and then deducts all kinds of depreciation caused by natural wear and tear, technological progress or external economic environment during use. Therefore, the replacement cost method is a method to estimate the replacement cost, substantial depreciation, functional depreciation and economic depreciation of the assets being evaluated, and deduct all kinds of depreciation from the replacement cost as the asset evaluation value.

(1) depreciated sharply. The sharp depreciation of equipment refers to the depreciation caused by the physical loss caused by wear and tear and natural forces during the storage or use of assets. Under normal circumstances, the estimation of substantial depreciation means that engineers with professional knowledge and rich experience conduct technical appraisal on the main components of the equipment, comprehensively analyze their use, maintenance, repair and transformation, compare the evaluated object with the brand-new state, and consider the influence of wear and tear on the function and efficiency of the equipment in use, so as to judge the new rate of the equipment and estimate the substantial depreciation.

② Functional devaluation. The loss of value caused by intangible loss is called functional devaluation. When estimating functional depreciation, the functional depreciation amount is determined according to the cost increase and benefit decrease caused by functional differences such as equipment utility, production capacity and labor consumption, material consumption and energy consumption level. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the factors of technological progress, the influence of substitute equipment, substitute technology and substitute products, as well as the current level of technical equipment and the speed of asset renewal.

③ Economic devaluation. The depreciation of equipment caused by the change of external environment is called economic depreciation. When calculating economic depreciation, the depreciation amount is mainly determined according to factors such as insufficient start-up or production stoppage caused by product sales difficulties, idle assets and unrealized value. The appraiser will analyze and determine according to the specific situation. There are other factors, such as intensified competition, inflation, changes in raw material supply, rising interest rates and the influence of national economic policies. When the equipment is basically normal, economic depreciation is generally not calculated.

2. The current market price method The current market price method, also known as the market comparison method, determines the price of the appraised assets according to the price of similar or comparable reference objects in the current open market. The current market price method is the simplest and most effective method, because the information in the evaluation process comes directly from the market, and at the same time, the upcoming asset behavior is evaluated. However, the application of the current market price method is closely related to the establishment and development of the market economy and the marketization of assets. In China, with the establishment and perfection of the market economy, it provides an effective application space for the current market price method, and the market price method has increasingly become an important asset evaluation method.

(2) Comparative factors affecting the current market price

Comparative factors refer to factors that may affect the market value of equipment. In the process of using the current market price method to evaluate, an important task is to compare the reference object with the evaluation object. Before the comparison, we must first determine which factors may affect the value of the equipment. Generally speaking, the comparison factors of equipment can be divided into five categories: time factor, geographical factor, function factor, transaction factor and quality factor.

① Time factor refers to the asset price difference caused by the difference between the reference object or transaction time and the appraised assets at the benchmark time.

(2) Regional factors refer to the differences in the influence of asset location and lot conditions on prices.

(3) Functional factors refer to the influence of excess and deficiency of asset functions on asset prices. For example, a multifunctional machine has high efficiency and a wide range of uses, but the buyer does not need such high efficiency and such a wide range of uses, resulting in the remaining functions that the buyer cannot recognize. So it can only be traded at a price lower than its functional value.

(4) Trading factors refer to the influence of trading motives and backgrounds on the price, and different trading motives and backgrounds have an influence on the sales price of equipment. In addition, the number of transactions is also an important factor affecting the price of equipment.

⑤ Quality factors refer to the technical conditions such as the function, performance, accuracy and durability of the assets themselves. Generally speaking, the price of similar products with good quality is high, and the price of poor quality is low. The influence of quality factors on asset prices must also be fully considered in asset evaluation.

3. Income present value method

The present value method of income, also known as income reduction method and income capitalization method, refers to an asset appraisal method that determines the value of the appraised assets by estimating the expected future income of the appraised assets and converting it into present value. From the perspective of asset buyers, the price paid for purchasing an asset should not be higher than the present value of the future income of the asset or similar assets with similar risk factors.

The essence of income present value method to evaluate enterprise assets is to convert the future income of assets into the present value of assets, and take the present value as the revaluation value of assets to be evaluated. The basic theoretical formula of the income present value method can be expressed as: the revalued value of an asset = the sum of the present value of the expected annual income of the asset.

Influencing factors of present value method of income

The main influencing factors are:

1) excess profit;

2) discount coefficient or capitalization rate;

3) term of income.