li ping county
Li Ping:
Pinyin: Lí Píng Xiàn
County name synthesis: Kaitaifu in the past and Liyang in the good name.
Liping is known as "the oil pot of Shanhai granary" and "the Dong capital of China".
Telephone area code: 0855
Local time: Beijing time (China standard time) UTC+8.
Liping County belongs to Guizhou Province, and the people's government is located in Defeng Town. Min Qihua, secretary of the county party committee, and Wang Chongsong, county magistrate. At east longitude 108. 3 1’— 109。 3 1', latitude 25. 4 1’—26。 It has a total population of more than 500,000. The local postal code is 557300, and the county's jurisdiction area is 444 1 square kilometer, which is the largest population and the widest area in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture. Liping has a subtropical monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall and beautiful local scenery, and a large number of cultural and natural landscapes.
Second, the basic situation
Liping county is located in the southeast of Guizhou province, east longitude 108. 3 1’— 109。 3 1', latitude 25. 4 1’—26。 3 1', located at the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi provinces (regions) and the transition area from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to Jiangnan hilly area, belongs to the humid climate of mid-subtropical monsoon. It borders Jingzhou, Tongdao County in Hunan Province and Sanjiang County in Guangxi in the southeast, Rongjiang and congjiang county in the southwest and Jianhe and Jinping County in the northeast. It is a county dominated by Dong people, where Dong, Han, Miao, Yao, Shui and other ethnic groups live together. It is also one of the largest and most populous counties in Guizhou Province.
Liping county is one of the 28 key forest counties in China and one of the national 1 1 demonstration counties for returning farmland to forests, and it is also a national commodity grain base county. The county has a forestry land area of 5.58 million mu, and the forest coverage rate is 58.44%. The main minerals discovered so far in Liping county are gold, phosphorus, manganese, coal, piezoelectric crystal, siliceous raw materials, limestone for cement, stone for decorative stone, sand and gravel for building, etc. Ore deposit and occurrence (mineralization point) 106. Among them, 37 kinds of minerals have proved reserves to varying degrees, and the main reserves are 168. The proven reserves belong to 8 large mines and 16 medium mines. The main minerals developed are gold, silica, decorative stone plates, building sandstone, brick clay and so on. The timber volume ranks first in Guizhou Province. The volume of Phyllostachys pubescens ranks second in Guizhou Province. Rich in tea, camellia oil, fruit, tung oil, turpentine, Chinese herbal medicine, gold and marble. Camellia oleifera forest140,000 mu, with an annual output of refined Dongxiang tea oil 1500 tons.
There are 996,000 mu of pine forests in the county, and the annual production and processing of rosin is 4,000 tons, ranking first in the province. Liping yellow cattle and Liping fragrant rice sell well in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan and the whole Guizhou province. The geological reserves of silicon ore are nearly 1 100 million tons, and it has gradually become one of the industrial silicon production bases in Southwest China.
There are 2 special tourist attractions in Liping, 25 first-class attractions and 37 second-class attractions. There is no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer, and the annual average temperature is15-25℃.
Iii. administrative divisions
Liping county governs 10 towns:
Defeng Town, Gaotun Town, Zhongchao Town, Mengyan Town, Aoshi Town, Jiuchao Town, Yandong Town, Shuikou Town, Hongzhou Town and Shangzhong Town.
Jurisdiction over 15 townships (including 2 ethnic townships)
Hue Yao Township, Leidong Yao Shui Township, Yongcong Township, Luoli Township, Maogong Township, Bazhai Township, Koujiang Township, Shuangjiang Township, Zhaoxing Township, Long 'e Township, Diping Township, Deshun Township, Dajia Township, Pingzhai Township and Dehua Township.
Fourth, the historical evolution
"Liping is a delicacy, and its reputation is thousands of miles" is the admiration of ancient literati for the ancient city culture of Liping. Now there is a road called Liping Road in Shanghai, an international metropolis. Liping ancient city, located at the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi provinces, has a history of 1300 years. In the Tang Dynasty, Liping was the ruler of Longbiao County, and it was called Wunaozhai, which started Tusi. Yuan Shizu was renamed Liping in the 20th year of Zhiyuan. Long Yuguan, the assistant governor of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Sima Guang, the prime minister, wrote to the Emperor Shenzong: "Mandi Guzhou (now located in Liping Luoli) is rich in mountains and treasures. The barbarians gathered the party to make trouble. " Shenzong ordered an attack on Yang Chenglei, a local chieftain. After Yu Guan Tong Song Jun shot and killed thousands of people in Dong Village not far from Liping City, he renamed this village "Pingyao Village". This is an early record of Liping's specialties and soldiers, and it is also one of the important written materials since Qiandongnan to Song Dynasty. Liping, known as Liyang, is known as "the throat of eastern Guizhou and a military fortress". Since the Song Dynasty, it has always been a military strategic place, and it has been in constant battle. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Mian led 200,000 peasant rebels to capture Guzhou (now Luoli, Liping) and Jingzhou, and the court ordered Zhu Zhen and Tang He, kings of Chu, to lead an encirclement and suppression campaign. The war lasted for 10 years. In the 11th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 13), Liping House was established, which was in charge of five long lawsuits, such as Kaiwei, etc. In the mid-1930s, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and Wang Jiaxiang held the "Liping Conference" here when the Red Army's Long March arrived in Liping, the first county town in Guizhou, and established the military strategic line of the Red Army's March northward. Although it has been devastated by war several times, there are many cultural relics and historic sites here. The ancient city walls such as Dongcheng doorway and Nancheng doorway are still alive; Erlangpo, Majiaxiang, Shuangjing Street and other residential buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are still numerous; Huguang Guild Hall, Hu Rongshun Commercial House, Jiurutang and other ancient commercial buildings in the early Qing Dynasty are still towering; Religious and military monuments such as Hegong Temple, Nanquanshan Ancient Temple, Xifo Cliff and Shiwanping Ancient Battlefield are still elegant. It can be said that Liping was a rare cultural repository from the Song Dynasty to the Republic of China. Such a heavy cultural accumulation in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties has fully demonstrated the cultural quality and original ecological culture of Liping ancient city.
Rivers and wells are the aura of a city, and culture is the soul of a city. The ancient city of Liping is surrounded by Nanquan Mountain in the south and Beimen Mountain in the north, forming a boat-shaped basin with a width of 10 kilometers and a length of 3 kilometers from top to bottom. There is a crystal clear Longxi River (now called Fulu River) flowing down the Qingshui River at the foot of the North Gate. There are also five continuous five-brain mountains in the city, forming a five-opening dragon. What is amazing is that the ancestors calculated the layout according to the five-brain terrain, using the Book of Changes, the stars, heavenly stems and earthly branches and geography, and dug 72 wells in the "98", and the layout of the wells became a huge arhat map. This layout of digging wells is really rare in China. This well and Longxi, which have their own characteristics, have nourished the living beings of one side, raised the descendants of Liping from generation to generation, and made them talented. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 30 Jinshi in Liping, and 236 people were awarded. Many talents emerged in Ming Dynasty, such as He Tengjiao, academician and minister of war, Mei Youyue, Zhu Wannian, a former official minister of Dr. Yazhong.
Liping, as the governing place of Longbiao County in Tang Dynasty, can also read some epics praising Liping's landscape culture from ancient books and documents. After Wang Changling was demoted to the rank of captain of Longbiao County, when he bid farewell to his friends in Longxi in Tianbao period (742), he wrote "Send Cui Shenjun to Longxi": "Longxi is only on Longbiao, and Qiushan is alone in the moon." In the autumn of the twenty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Long Qilei, who was then a judge in Dali, Nanjing, returned to Liping from Nanjing and moved to Longxi to compose a poem "Sacrifice to Wang Changling": "Long Biaotian is far from Longxi, and the green hills and the moon are low; A thousand-year-old soul should not complain, and poetry will bloom all over Yelangxi. " These few words, however, show Liping's beautiful geographical features, and also express his great sympathy for Wang Changling's demotion to Long Biaowei and praise for his spirit of spreading Chinese culture, and his feeling that poetry has blossomed all over the world.
Liping ancient city is a traffic fortress with Huguang in the east and Yungui in the west, and it is also the watershed of Qingshui River and Liujiang River. Here is rich in Chinese fir, fungus, mountain medicinal materials, cowhide, etc., which is a place where merchants gathered in the past dynasties, and the market is quite prosperous, and it has the elegant name of Little Nanjing. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, merchants from Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other provinces established chambers of commerce in Liping. The existing Jiaqing Huguang Guild Hall in Qing Dynasty covers a building area of more than 3,480 square meters, and there are more than 80 inscriptions on various flat cards such as "Exploring Flowers" and "Top Scholar" hanging in Yu Palace alone. In terms of wood, there are still more than 5,000 years ago. "There are thousands of people handing over their hands every day, and there are thousands of lights at night." It was the grand occasion of the prosperity of Liping ancient city. In order to prosper the economy, local residents have transported the mountain tea oil, walnuts, mushrooms, gastrodia elata, Eucommia ulmoides and other rare medicinal materials by water to Qingshui River, Xiadongting and Shanghai all the year round, so that Liping ancient city has always been famous in Shanghai and other metropolises. Since the Song Dynasty, the story of "Liping is a delicacy, and its fame is thousands of miles away" has spread farther and farther and lasted for a long time.
The historical position and function of Liping conference;
Liping Conference is the first important conference in a series marked by Zunyi Conference. Specific performance in:
First, the Liping meeting was a Politburo meeting held after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China broke out from the Central Soviet Area of Jiangxi Province. After the closing of the Central Plenary Session, it was the highest-level meeting in the party, which determined the major policies of the Red Army's strategic turning point in the Long March at that time. Therefore, the resolutions and decisions made at the meeting are very important and determine the fate and future of the Central Committee and the Red Army.
Second, for the first time, Bo Gu and Li De's wrong strategic policy of causing great losses to the Red Army was denied. At the beginning of the Long March, there were two "obsessions" about the wrong route of the Central Committee: first, it refused to throw away the "jars" and only solved it when it broke through the fourth blockade of the Kuomintang army; Second, he refused to change the original unrealistic strategic policy of going north to Xiangxi to meet the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps. The quarrel didn't stop all the way, and the passage meeting didn't solve it. It was only at the Liping meeting that it was clearly solved for the first time. In the name of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, it denied the outdated wrong military line stubbornly adhered to by Bo Gu and Li De in the form of decision.
Third, for the first time, it ended more than three years since the 193 1 year1month Gannan conference. Mao Zedong's marginalized position in the central leadership began to form a situation in which the overwhelming majority of central leaders (including those who opposed him in the past) endorsed, supported and supported his correct ideas, thus providing a basis for the future. It is of great significance for the China revolution to re-enter the right path, for the China revolution to develop rapidly under the correct leadership of Mao Zedong, to avoid the detours of the China revolution and to reduce the groping time of the China people in the dark.
Justice.
Fourth, the meeting made a decision on establishing a new base area on the border of Sichuan and Guizhou. Although it could not be realized because of the subsequent changes in the situation, its forward direction, tasks and objectives played an important role in uniting the strength of the whole party and army, inspiring morale, eliminating the dangerous tendency of defeatism and guerrilla, strengthening the revolutionary belief of the Red Army and building confidence in victory.
Fifth, this meeting became an attempt by China's * * * production party to solve its major problems independently, which set a precedent in the history of our party to deny the erroneous guidance of the * * * production international and its representatives to the China revolution, and it was a turning point for our party to think about the * * * production international from blind obedience to independent thinking, and from resignation to self-assertion.
V. Forest resources
Forestry is a traditional industry in Liping. As early as the fourth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1739), Liping began artificial afforestation, and it lasted for forty-two years (1777). In Liping, "Chinese fir trees on both sides of the strait are reflected and printed, and a giant raft flows in one river". Wood sells well in Jianghuai and Guangdong. After more than 260 years of ups and downs in forest management, Liping people have accumulated rich experience in forest management and created enormous spiritual wealth and material wealth. In 2006, there were 3.7 million mu of forest land in the county, the forest coverage rate was 65%, and the standing stock was14150,000 cubic meters, ranking first among all the forestry counties in the province, with 24 rare species protected by the state and 1220 wild Chinese herbal medicines. There are 675 species of wild animals belonging to 52 genera.
Liping's tourism resources are composed of natural landscape tourism, ethnic customs tourism and historical and humanistic tourism. Tourist attractions, including the longest span natural stone arch bridge listed in the Guinness Book of World Records-Gaotun Tiansheng Bridge and the beautiful Bazhou River Scenic Area; There are Nongxiangshan forest and Phyllostachys pubescens forest in Taiping Mountain, which are known as primitive forest and bamboo sea, and the accumulation of Phyllostachys pubescens ranks second in the province. The cultural landscape includes Zhaoxing Drum Tower Group, Liping Conference Site, Tang 'an Ecological Museum, Dongmenqiao Street Ancient Architecture Complex, and Dong folk songs and pipa songs, which are regarded as the wonderful works of oriental art, integrating natural landscape, cultural landscape, ethnic customs and cultural relics, and are the key areas of Guizhou's eastern route tourism boutique line. Liping's national culture is profound in content and colorful in forms, mainly including national song and dance culture, national customs and customs culture, national architecture culture, and national production and life culture. Liping County is rich in forest resources, with a large stock, mainly producing Chinese fir. Therefore, it is known as the "hometown of Chinese fir" and belongs to one of the top ten forest counties in Guizhou Province, with a forest coverage rate of 58%. The main tree species are: Chinese fir, Pinus massoniana, camellia oleifera and pecan.
Rare tree species of forest resources in China are:
Belonging to the national first-class protection: Taiwania flousiana
It belongs to the national second-class protection: Pecking Walnut, Bole Tree, Cephalotaxus wilsonii, Ten-tooth Flower, Horseshoe Ginseng, Fragrant Fruit Tree, Umbrella Flower, Ginkgo biloba, Gooseberry Tree, Horsetail Tree and Sightseeing Tree.
It belongs to the national third-class protection: Taxodium distichum, Taxodium distichum, Taxodium pilosum, Magnolia officinalis, Manglietia rubra, Manglietia ledong, Phoebe bournei, South China five-needle pine, Pteroceltis tatarinowii, white tree, silver magpie tree and mahogany.
It belongs to the key protected tree species in Guizhou Province: Cephalotaxus fortunei, Taxus mairei, Manglietia guineensis, Michelia alpina, Michelia glabra, Machilus thunbergii, Ormosia microphylla, Ormosia japonica, Betula chinensis, Schima superba, etc.
Chinese herbal medicine resources
Liping is rich in Chinese herbal medicine resources. There are hundreds of medicinal plants such as Platycodon grandiflorum, Flos Lonicerae, Three Needles, Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis, Pinellia ternata, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix Dipsaci, Eucommiae Cortex, Fructus Gardeniae, Cortex Phellodendri, Crataegus pinnatifida, Mume Fructus, Tetrapanacis Tetrapanacis, Phyllostachys bambusae, Panax japonicus, Begonia sinensis, and Hemerocallis sinensis. In recent years, gastrodia elata, Eucommia ulmoides, Fritillaria cirrhosa, Poria cocos, Polygonatum odoratum, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Adenophora adenophora, Achyranthes bidentata and so on have been artificially introduced and cultivated. ,
In April, 20021,Liping county was selected as the second top 100 cultural counties in China in 20021.
202 1 year 1 month, in 2020, the ranking of influential counties in rural revitalization communication was released, and Liping County ranked 320th.
In 2020 1 1 month, the list of the top 100 tea counties in China was released, and Liping County ranked 55th.
In June, 2020, Liping County was listed in the second batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (Long March Area (Red Army)).
On March 20 19, Liping county was listed in the list of counties (cities, districts) where the development of compulsory education in China was basically balanced in 20 18.
20 181February, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission named Liping County as the sixth batch of national demonstration zones for national unity and progress.