2. 1 China's existing policies related to the elderly1In August 1996, the Ministry of Labor promulgated the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly (Decree No.73 of the President of the People's Republic of China), which legally confirmed the rights and interests of the elderly in all aspects. In addition, in China's Constitution, General Principles of Civil Law, Marriage Law and Inheritance Law, In 2000, the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Strengthening the Work for the Aged was issued (Zhongfa [2000]13), which expounded the great significance, general guiding ideology, principles and objectives and main points of the work for the aged. In the same year, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the State Planning Commission and other 1 1 ministries and commissions issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Socialization of Social Welfare, which clarified the guiding ideology, overall thinking and objectives and tasks of the development of social welfare undertakings in China in the coming period and determined the preferential policies to encourage social forces to invest in establishing social welfare institutions. The Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning Tax Policies for Service Institutions for the Aged (Caishui [2000] No.97) defines the preferential tax policies for welfare and non-profit service institutions for the aged.
In 2005, the Office of the National Working Committee on Ageing, together with Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and other 2/kloc-0 central and the State Council related institutions and people's organizations, jointly issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Preferential Treatment for the Elderly (No.46 [2005] of the National Office for Ageing), which is the first document specially issued for the elderly in China, and it is also the second document to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly and The Opinions put forward that the whole society should provide preferential treatment for the elderly; To provide preferential medical care for the elderly, urban "three noes" elderly people, rural "five guarantees" elderly people and urban and rural poor elderly people should be included in the scope of medical assistance according to regulations, and medical institutions should provide convenient and preferential services for the elderly to seek medical treatment, such as reducing the registration fee for general outpatient clinics for the elderly and the family bed visit fee for poor elderly people, and providing free medical examinations; Provide preferential treatment for life services and take various measures to facilitate the daily life of the elderly; Provide preferential treatment for rights protection services; Provide preferential treatment for recreation and sports, and strive to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly. In the same year, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the Opinions on Supporting Social Forces to Establish Social Welfare Institutions; Subsequently, combined with the rapid development trend of China's population aging, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for the Development of China's Aging Industry (2006 ~ 2010) was formulated, which made specific requirements for the guiding ideology, overall objectives, basic principles and main tasks of aging work during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, and pointed out that social security for the elderly is the responsibility of the whole society, and party committees and governments at all levels. Improve and perfect social security systems and measures such as endowment insurance, medical insurance, social assistance, community service, housing security, education for the elderly and legal aid, and build a social security system for the elderly that is compatible with China's economic development level and affordability in all aspects.
In February, 2006, after more than one year's investigation and study, the Office of the National Committee on Aging issued the Opinions on Strengthening Grassroots Aging Work (No.2 [2006] issued by the National Committee on Aging), proposing that the policies of basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance and minimum living security system should be seriously implemented in cities, and efforts should be made to solve the old-age and medical problems of the elderly; In rural areas, we should continue to consolidate the function of family pension, and where conditions permit, we should actively explore the establishment of rural old-age security system and rural minimum living security system suitable for local characteristics; We should actively promote the implementation of the new rural cooperative medical system and the rural family planning reward and assistance system; It is necessary to increase social assistance and medical assistance to the poor elderly in urban and rural areas, and effectively protect the basic livelihood of the poor elderly. The Regulations on Five Guarantees in Rural Areas (Order No.456 of the People's Republic of China and the State Council), which came into effect on March 1 2006, defines the objects, contents, forms, supervision and management of five guarantees in rural areas.
Various provinces and cities have formulated corresponding implementation measures in light of local conditions and actively carried out social services for the elderly. For example, Shanghai, the country's first city with an aging population, has successively introduced preferential policies and measures such as the construction and management of old-age service facilities, financial subsidies for the elderly, support for old-age institutions, encouragement of employment in old-age institutions and medical policies in the guidelines and policies such as Opinions on Fully Implementing the Pragmatic Project of Municipal Government's Old-age Service in 2005 and Notice on Some Issues Concerning Social Insurance for Urban Household Registration Personnel in this Municipality over the statutory retirement age [/kloc- As early as 1990, Fujian Province formulated the Regulations on the Protection of the Elderly in Fujian Province.
2.2 China's elderly health care service system China's elderly health care services can be divided into two parts: hospitals and communities, with community services as the main part, and part of the cost of community health services is subsidized by the state. The Opinions on Subsidy Policy for Urban Community Health Services (Caishe [2006] No.61) decided that the government should subsidize community health services, and community health service institutions organized by the government or social forces should provide community residents with prevention and control of infectious diseases, endemic diseases, parasitic diseases and related chronic diseases in accordance with the relevant regulations of governments at or above the city (prefecture) level. It is stipulated that provincial governments should arrange necessary special transfer payment funds to support the development of community health services in difficult areas in accordance with the requirements of equalization of basic public health services; Since 2007, the central government has arranged special transfer payment funds, giving subsidies to the central and western regions according to the per capita community service population of 3 yuan and 4 yuan, and considering the performance appraisal of public health services in local communities as a whole.