Looking back on the past five years, great, profound and irreversible changes have taken place in the internal and external development environment, the industry's own development and market conditions of China's petroleum and petrochemical industry: China's petroleum and petrochemical market is fully open, the diversified competition pattern of market players is formed, and the government supervision system is gradually improved and on the legal track. In the process of opening up, China's petroleum and petrochemical industry has further developed, and in the process of reform and reorganization, China's state-owned petroleum and petrochemical enterprises have gradually become bigger and stronger.
The commitments were fulfilled as scheduled, and the China petroleum and petrochemical market was fully opened.
In the past five years, China has reduced the import tariff rate of most petroleum and petrochemical products in accordance with its WTO commitments, and most non-tariff measures for the import of petroleum and petrochemical products have also been cancelled; The right to operate foreign trade was liberalized and the retail business of refined oil products was opened two years ago. These changes have made China's market fully open, and the world's major producers of petroleum and petrochemical products have increased their exports to China.
In accordance with the WTO commitments, in the past five years, China has reduced the import tariff rates of most petroleum and petrochemical products, among which oil products, hydrocarbon gases, some synthetic resins, most synthetic fiber raw materials, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber and fertilizers have all been reduced as required. At present, there are some synthetic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and PVC, and some synthetic fiber raw materials such as polyester and PTA. According to the requirements, the import tariff rate will not be fully reduced until 2008. Due to the substantial reduction of import tariffs in China, the world's petroleum and petrochemical producers, mainly in China's neighboring countries and regions and the Middle East, have increased their export pace to China.
In addition to reducing the tariff rate, in terms of non-tariff measures, at present, China's import of petroleum and petrochemical products has been abolished in 2004 except for the non-state-owned trade quotas of crude oil, refined oil and fertilizer. In addition, the right to operate foreign trade has been liberalized, retail and warehousing businesses have been liberalized, and private and foreign investment fields have been relaxed. Following the liberalization of the retail business of refined oil products on1February 1 1 2004, the wholesale business of crude oil and refined oil products will also be liberalized next month, which shows that the field of petroleum and petrochemical marketing in China is basically liberalized.
At present, there are about 200 private wholesale enterprises of refined oil in China, accounting for 8% of the total wholesale enterprises in China and 5% of the wholesale volume of refined oil in China. Private enterprises have more than 40,000 gas stations in China, accounting for 43% of the total, accounting for13% of the national retail market share of refined oil. By the end of 2005, * * * 48 private enterprises had obtained the right to import refined oil from non-state-owned trading enterprises.
Due to tariff concessions, relaxed market access conditions, opening wider to the outside world, increased foreign investment, sustained and rapid economic growth and strong demand in China, the import volume of major petroleum and petrochemical products in China has increased significantly in the past five years after China's accession to the WTO (see table 5 1). South Korea, China, Taiwan Province Province, Singapore, Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia and other countries and regions have become the main export areas to China in recent years.
The government supervision system is gradually improved, and the marketization process is regulated according to law.
After China's entry into WTO, in order to cope with the full opening of the market, the Chinese government has deepened various reforms aimed at conforming to the marketization process, introduced various macroeconomic reform measures, and strengthened the legislative system. China's supervision of the petroleum and petrochemical industry has gradually embarked on the road of legalization and standardization.
First of all, in the past five years, our government has accelerated the transformation of its functions. With the change of government and institutional adjustment, a comprehensive guidance and supervision system for the petroleum and petrochemical industry has been formed, which is mainly composed of the National Energy Leading Group, the National Development and Reform Commission, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the relevant specialized agencies such as the Ministry of Finance, State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China, the State Administration of Work Safety, and the State Environmental Protection Administration perform their respective duties, so as to supervise the petroleum and petrochemical industry from all directions and angles. At the same time of institutional reform, an industrial cooperative self-discipline organization-China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association was born.
At the macro-economic level, the state has successively introduced a series of reform measures aimed at improving the socialist market economy, such as investment system reform, tax system reform, exchange rate mechanism reform, and administrative examination and approval system reform, and promulgated the new Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Law, the Administrative Licensing Law, the new Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment, the Catalogue of Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance, the Renewable Energy Law, the Decision on Strengthening Energy Conservation, and At the level of petroleum and petrochemical industry, we have adopted the practice of first rectifying and then standardizing, and gradually deepening the reform according to the requirements of WTO rules, rectified and standardized the domestic refined oil market, cracked down on the smuggling of petroleum and petrochemical products, and successively issued a number of laws, regulations and reform measures around the construction of domestic petroleum and petrochemical market, the reform of price formation mechanism, the determination of petroleum and petrochemical related tax systems, the determination of market access qualifications, the management of import and export trade of petroleum and petrochemical products, resource management, and the protection of oil and gas pipelines.
Second, in response to international trade frictions, the state has strengthened its guidance on responding to anti-dumping and dumping. The Ministry of Commerce has set up a special functional organization, and the petroleum and petrochemical industry is building an industrial damage early warning system including various business fields.
Third, it has accelerated the pace of integrating domestic industry standards with international standards. According to incomplete statistics, in the past five years, the national competent department * * * announced 238 new petrochemical industry standards and 398 new oil and gas industry standards, and abolished 30 old petrochemical industry standards and 1 13 old oil and gas industry standards.
Diversified competition pattern was formed, and the marketization process was accelerated.
After China's entry into WTO, all parties have increased their investment in China market, which has further accelerated the marketization process of China and intensified the situation of diversified competition. Foreign capital has accelerated its entry into the China market and expanded its petroleum and petrochemical business, which has gradually increased its influence; Private enterprises have developed rapidly and become a new force in China petroleum and petrochemical market; In order to improve competitiveness, state-owned enterprises actively carry out horizontal competition.
In the five years since China's entry into WTO, China has increased its openness to the outside world, improved its investment environment, sustained and rapid economic growth and strong demand. The major oil and petrochemical companies in Europe and America are the mainstay, followed by Japan, South Korea, the Middle East and other countries and regions. Foreign-funded enterprises have accelerated the pace of fully entering China's oil and petrochemical industry and related industries, the scale and intensity of investment have increased significantly, the business fields involved have been continuously broadened, and the industrial chain and business organization have tended to be perfect, covering all aspects of the upper, middle and lower reaches. At present, foreign capital has formed an investment and development industrial cluster focusing on oil marketing, petrochemical industry, fine chemicals, special chemicals, functional chemicals, synthetic materials processing, petrochemical warehousing and logistics, and high value-added end products. Some fields have occupied a considerable share in the China market. At present, many foreign companies have set up R&D centers in China. The mode of foreign investment has changed from joint venture to sole proprietorship, acquisition and merger.
At present, the world's top 500 foreign large-scale petrochemical companies, world-famous professional chemical companies, major petrochemical companies from Japan and South Korea have all invested in China. By the end of 2005, the total investment of ExxonMobil, Shell, BP, Total, DuPont and Bayer in China had reached more than $10 billion.
While foreign capital has increased its investment in China, China's private enterprises have also developed rapidly. With the relaxation of the state's policy on the development of private enterprises, especially the promulgation of "Non-public Article 36", China's private petroleum and chemical enterprises have made great progress in the past five years after China's accession to the WTO, especially in the fields of lubricating oil blending and sales, petroleum asphalt, refined oil sales, gas development and utilization, polyester and polyester fiber, and material processing downstream of petrochemical industry. Recently, private enterprises are further expanding upstream.
In the past five years, private petroleum and petrochemical enterprises have successively established the first private petroleum chamber of commerce in China-the Petroleum Chamber of Commerce of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and the first private petroleum and petrochemical joint enterprise in China-Great Wall United Petroleum Company. Under the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association, a small and medium-sized enterprise committee with private enterprises as the main body was established. Some private enterprises have begun to cooperate with large state-owned companies or foreign-funded companies in joint ventures.
In order to improve the competitiveness, the horizontal competition of state-owned enterprises is also deepening. In the five years since China's entry into WTO, in addition to China Petroleum, China Petrochemical and China CNOOC, other domestic state-owned enterprises have also started to set foot in petroleum and petrochemical related fields in the process of deepening reform and continuous restructuring. In 2003 1 1 month, China Chemical Import and Export Corporation was renamed as China Sinochem Group with the approval of the state, which accelerated the strategic transformation from a trading company of crude oil, petrochemical and chemical products to an industrial company. In the following years, Sinochem Group has made progress in overseas oil and gas exploration and development, the construction of domestic refined oil distribution network, and the construction of oil storage and transportation logistics facilities. In May, 2004, with the approval of the state, five enterprises belonging to the former Ministry of Chemical Industry, such as China Bluestar (Group) Corporation and China Haohua Chemical (Group) Corporation, were reorganized to form China National Chemical Corporation, which accelerated its expansion into the refining field through mergers and acquisitions and joint ventures at home and abroad. In September 2005, Shaanxi Province reorganized its provincial local oil enterprises and established Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd. At present, its annual output and processing capacity of crude oil have reached 9 million tons.
In the five years after China's entry into WTO, with the acceleration of marketization, the business distribution of China Petroleum, China Petrochemical and China CNOOC has gradually pushed to the whole country and overseas from the north, south or sea in the market competition, and the business of China CNOOC is extending from the upstream to the middle and lower reaches.
China's self-sufficiency rate of petroleum and petrochemical products has increased and its global influence has expanded.
On the eve of China's entry into WTO, people inside and outside the industry were worried that the opening of the market would bring adverse effects on the development of China's petroleum and petrochemical industry. However, since China's entry into WTO five years ago, with the sustained and rapid economic development and strong demand in China, China's petroleum and petrochemical industry has developed rapidly under the circumstances that state-owned enterprises have accelerated to become bigger and stronger, foreign capital has accelerated to enter, private enterprises have risen rapidly, and all aspects of investment have increased significantly. At present, the status and influence of China's petroleum and petrochemical industry in the global and Asia-Pacific regions have been significantly improved, and China has entered the ranks of the world's largest producers of bulk petroleum and petrochemical products (see Table 2).
Due to the substantial increase in domestic production capacity, the self-sufficiency of major petroleum and petrochemical products in China has been improved to varying degrees in the past five years. In the past five years, the market self-sufficiency rate of synthetic resin in China has increased to 50%; The self-sufficiency rate of polyester, the main variety of synthetic fibers, has increased from 88.7% to 98.7%, which is basically self-sufficient; The self-sufficiency rate of synthetic rubber increased from 56% to 62%.
The three major state-owned enterprises have deepened their reforms and gradually become bigger and stronger under the pressure of competition.
In the five years since China's entry into WTO, China's three major petroleum and petrochemical companies have seized the opportunity, deepened reform and reorganization, accelerated structural adjustment, optimized the allocation of resources and markets, and improved their international competitiveness; They implement the "going out" strategy, and gradually become bigger and stronger under the circumstances of increasingly fierce competition, rapid changes in business development environment and increased risks.
It is worth pointing out that, in order to be bigger and stronger, with the efforts of three state-owned companies since China's entry into WTO five years ago, China has formed 10 ten-million-ton oil refining bases, such as Zhenhai, Shanghai Petrochemical, Maoming, Dalian Petrochemical, Jinling, Shanghai Gao Qiao, Qilu, Dalian Western Pacific, Lanzhou and Guangzhou, and Shanghai Jinshan, Shanghai Secco, Guangdong Huizhou, Nanjing Yangzi, Beijing Yanshan and Guangzhou. At present, the crude oil processing capacity of refineries with more than 8 million tons/year has accounted for more than 50% of the total processing capacity in China, and the processing capacity of the largest refinery has increased from13.5 million tons/year in 2000 to 20 million tons/year in 2005. The average scale of refineries in China Petrochemical Company and China Petroleum Company increased to 4.898 million tons/year, and the average scale of ethylene plants increased to 454,000 tons/year. China's Yangtze River Delta, Bohai Bay, Pearl River Delta and other regions have formed a number of large-scale refining and chemical bases with strong competitiveness.
In terms of pipeline transportation, on the original basis, the Yong-Hu-Ning imported crude oil pipeline, Yizheng-Changling crude oil pipeline along the Yangtze River and the first transnational Sino-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline have been newly built, and most of the onshore crude oil in China has been transported by pipeline. The completion of five long-distance natural gas pipelines, such as the West-East Gas Pipeline and the Shaanxi-Beijing Line, has achieved a great leap forward in the construction of China's natural gas pipeline network. At the same time, five major product oil transportation trunk lines, including Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing, Southwest Pipeline, Pearl River Delta Pipeline, Western Pipeline and Shandong-Anhui Pipeline, have been built, and the construction of China product oil transportation pipeline has reached a new level. These improvements play an important role in ensuring national energy security, implementing national energy strategy, optimizing refining production, doing a good job in the allocation and utilization of oil and gas resources, reducing logistics and transportation costs, and enhancing the competitiveness of China's refining enterprises.
In the upstream, many breakthroughs have been made in the exploration and development of oil and gas resources. In 2005, the remaining recoverable reserves of crude oil in the west and sea areas accounted for 28.2% and10.6% of the national total, respectively, which were 5.6 and 1.9 percentage points higher than those in 2000 before China's entry into WTO. Crude oil production accounted for16.6% and110.3% of the national total, respectively, increasing by 4.5 and 4.9 percentage points compared with 2000. This laid a foundation for the sustainable development of China's petroleum and petrochemical industry and made sufficient preparations for the full opening of the domestic market.