Spring Festival has different names in different times. In the pre-Qin period, it was called "going to Japan", "Yuanri", "changing the year" and "offering the year". In the Han Dynasty, it was also called "Three Dynasties", "Sui Dan", "Zhengdan" and "Zhengri". During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was called Yuan Chen, Yuan Ri, Fuehrer and Sui Dynasty. In the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was called "New Year's Day", "Yuan", "New Year's Day" and "Singapore dollar". In the Qing dynasty, it was always called "New Year's Day" or "Yuan Day".
Origin of Spring Festival
The Oracle Bone Inscriptions spelling of "Nian" is "He" in the upper part and "Ren" in the lower part. The word "Nian" in Jinwen is the same as that in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and it also follows the grain and people. Xiao Zhuan's "Year" writing is "Up to the grain and down to the thousand", and "Shuo Wen Jie Zi He Bu": "Year is ripe. From the grain, from a thousand sounds. " Xiao Zhuan changed the word "person" into "thousand", so Xu Shen used this saying, and the word "thousand" was originally decorated, and this solution is not contradictory. "Grain" is the general term of grain, and it can't be misinterpreted as "wheat". The quality of the year is mainly determined by the growth and harvest of "Wo", and now the word "Wo" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions has been excavated, almost all of which seem to be heavily bent, which shows that it symbolizes a bumper harvest in grain production. What about the word "person" under the word "year"? From Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the word "nian" seems to be a heavy grain on one's head. ?
The Spring Festival was originally called "New Year's Day", and Du Taiqing of Sui Dynasty said in "The Five Candles Collection": "The first month is the end of the month, and one day is the Yuan Day, which is also a cloud and a moon." The original meaning of "yuan" is "head", and later it is extended to "start". Because this day is the first day of a year, the first day of spring and the first day of the first month, it is called "three yuan". Because this day is still the year-old dynasty, the moon dynasty and the day dynasty, it is also called the "three dynasties"; Because it is the first Shuori, it is also called "Yuanshuo".
[Edit this paragraph] The custom of the Spring Festival
The twenty-third day of the twelfth lunar month, also known as the "off-year", is the day when people worship stoves. The folk song "Twenty-three, Sweet Melon Sticks" refers to the sacrificial stove on the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month every year. There is a saying that "officials, three people, four boatmen and five", that is, the government holds the sacrificial stove on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the ordinary people hold it on the 24th, and house boat holds it on the 25th.
Sacrificing a stove is a custom that has great influence and spread widely among the people in our country. In the old days, almost every kitchen had a "kitchen god" god. People call this god "the Bodhisattva who commands the life" or "the kitchen master commands the life". It is said that he is the "Nine-day East Chef who commands the kitchen palace" sealed by the Jade Emperor, who is responsible for managing the kitchen fires of various families and is worshipped as the protector of a family. Kitchen God niches are mostly located in the north or east of the kitchen, with the gods of Kitchen God in the middle. Some people who don't have a niche for the kitchen king also paste the gods directly on the wall. Some gods only draw one kitchen god, while others have two men and women. The goddess is called "Grandma Kitchen King". In Cangzhou, Hebei Province, every household is busy from the 23rd to the 30th. Staying up late on the thirtieth night is called "Shounian". This custom has something to do with Grandma Kitchen King.
The sacrificial stove on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is closely related to the Chinese New Year. Because, a week later, on New Year's Eve, the Kitchen God came to the world with the good and bad fortune that the family should get, together with other gods. The Kitchen God is considered to guide the gods in the sky. Other gods ascended to heaven again after the new year, and only the kitchen god will stay in other people's kitchens for a long time. The ceremony to greet the gods is called "receiving the gods", and it is called "receiving the stove" for the kitchen god. It is usually on New Year's Eve to pick up the stove, and the ceremony is much simpler. At that time, just put on a new stove lamp and burn incense in front of the stove niche.
On the festival of offering sacrifices to stoves, people pay attention to eating jiaozi, which means "seeing off the windward side of jiaozi". Eat more cakes and buckwheat noodles in mountainous areas. In the southeast of Shanxi, the custom of eating fried corn is popular, and the folk proverb says, "Twenty-three, don't eat fried, on the New Year's Eve-one pot pours." People like to bond fried corn with maltose and freeze it into chunks, which tastes crisp and sweet.
After the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, every household will write Spring Festival couplets. Folks pay attention to the fact that God must post it, every door must post it, and everything must post it, so the Spring Festival couplets have the largest number and the most complete content. The couplets in front of the gods are particularly particular, and most of them are words of admiration and blessing. There is a common connection between heaven and earth: "the grace of heaven is as deep as the sea, and the virtue of earth is as heavy as the mountain"; Land god union: "white jade is born in the soil, and gold is born in the ground"; Fortune Union: "God of wealth in heaven, God of fortune on earth"; Jingshenlian: "Well can reach the four seas, and home can reach the three rivers". The Spring Festival couplets in granaries and barns are all expressions of warm celebration and hope. For example, "the grain is abundant and the six livestock are prosperous"; "The rice surface is as thick as a mountain and the oil and salt are as deep as the sea"; "Cows are like tigers in the South Mountain and horses are like dragons in the North Sea"; "Big sheep are flourishing every year, and little lambs are increasing every month" and so on. There are also some single couplets, such as "Looking up to see happiness" in every room, "Going out to see happiness" on the opposite side of the door, "Prosperous spirit soaring to the sky" on the fire, "Full courtyard is full of gold" on the tree, "Deep roots and lush foliage" on the stone mill and so on. The couplets on the gate are the facade of a family, which are paid special attention to, or lyrical, or writing scenery, with rich content and witty remarks. On the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, dust and sweep the house.
After the stove festival was held, preparations for the Chinese New Year were officially started. Every year from the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month to New Year's Eve, Chinese folks call this period "Spring Festival" or "Dust-cleaning Day". Sweeping the dust is the year-end cleaning, which is called "sweeping the house" in the north and "dusting" in the south. It is a traditional habit of our people to sweep the dust before the Spring Festival.
"Three corpse gods" Taoism is called "gods" who worship in the human body. According to "Taishang Three Corpses Classic", "The name of the upper corpse is Peng Shu, which is in the head; The name of the Chinese corpse is Peng, which is in the human abdomen; The name of the corpse is Peng Jiao, who is in the human foot. " He also said that on the day of Geng Shen, they went to heaven to tell the emperor Chen about human sins; But as long as people stay up all night, it can be avoided, which is called "keeping Geng Shen"
Sweep the dust-the folk proverb says, "On the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, dust the house." It's called house cleaning in the north and dusting in the south. Outside the house, in front of the house and behind the house, clean thoroughly to welcome the Spring Festival.
[Edit this paragraph] Spring Festival holiday
On the first three days of the first month of the first month, in addition, the Spring Festival holiday generally lasts from the afternoon of New Year's Eve to the seventh or eighth day of the seventh month. Since 2008, the Spring Festival holiday has been adjusted to New Year's Eve and two days before the first month.
Hong Kong and Macau
The first three days of the first month. If any of the first three days of the first lunar month happens to be a Sunday, New Year's Eve will be included in a public holiday. For example, the first day of the first lunar month in 2007 (February 18) happens to be a Sunday, so New Year's Eve (February 17) will be included in a public holiday.
Taiwan Province of China
On New Year's Eve and the first three days of the first month, if New Year's Eve or the first day of the first month falls on a Saturday or a Sunday, the fourth day (and the fifth day) of the first month will be compensated. For example, in 2007, Lunar New Year's Eve (February 17) and the first day of the first month (February 18) fall on Saturdays and Sundays, so the fourth day of the first month (February 2/kloc-0)
Malaysia
All states have holidays on the first two days of the first month.
Singapore
The first two days of the first month.
Vietnam, Korea
The first three days of the first month.
[Edit this paragraph] December 30th
New Year's Eve refers to the evening of the last day of the twelfth lunar month, which is connected with the Spring Festival (the first day of the first month). The word "except" in "New Year's Eve" is "go; Easy; The meaning of "alternating" is that New Year's Eve means "the month is poor and the old year is exhausted". People have to get rid of the old department and get rid of the old year, and the next year means to get a new year. It is the last night of the lunar year. Therefore, the activities during this period are centered on eliminating the old and renewing the new, eliminating disasters and praying for blessings.
At the end of each year in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, a ceremony of "big Nuo" was held in the palace to beat drums to expel the ghosts of epidemic diseases, which was called "banishment", and later called the day before New Year's Eve as "small exorcism". New year's eve is the big one, that is, New Year's Eve. Zhuxian Town Woodboard New Year Pictures whip the door keeper immediately.
Door keeper
There is a custom of sticking to the door in all parts of China during the Spring Festival. At first, the doorkeeper carved mahogany into a human figure and hung it next to people. Later, it was painted as a doorkeeper and posted on the door. The legendary shentu and Yu Lei brothers specialize in ghosts, and they guard the portal, so evil spirits dare not enter the portal to do harm.
paste up Spring Festival couplets
Spring Festival couplets originated from Taofu. "Taofu" is a rectangular mahogany board hanging on both sides of the gate in the Zhou Dynasty. According to the History of Etiquette in the Later Han Dynasty, the peach symbol is six inches long and three inches wide, and the words "shentu" and "Yu Lei" and "Er Shen" are written on the mahogany board. "On the first day of the first month, a peach symbol was made for the household, and it was called immortal wood, which was feared by all ghosts." Therefore, the Qing Dynasty's "Yanjing Shi Sui Ji" said: "Spring Festival couplets, that is, Taofu also."
In the Five Dynasties, in the court of Western Shu, someone wrote couplets on peach symbols. According to "Song Shi Shu Family", Meng Chang, the master of the later Shu Dynasty, ordered Zhang Xun, a bachelor, to write a poem on the mahogany board, "Because of his non-work, he claimed to write a cloud:' Qing Yu in the New Year, and Changchun in the Jiajie Festival'", which was the first Spring Festival couplets in China. Until the Song Dynasty, Spring Festival couplets were still called "Taofu". In Wang Anshi's poems, there is a saying that "every family is the narrowest day, and the new peaches are always replaced with the old ones". In the Song Dynasty, peach symbols were changed from mahogany boards to paper, which was called "spring stickers".
In the Ming Dynasty, Taofu was renamed Spring Festival couplets. In the Ming Dynasty, Chen Yunzhan's Zahua in Maoyunlou wrote: "The establishment of Spring Festival couplets began in Ming Taizu. "Before New Year's Eve, Jinling, the imperial capital, suddenly issued a decree that a Spring Festival couplets should be added at the door of the house of officials and scholars, and the emperor would appear when he walked. Zhu Yuanzhang not only went out of the city incognito and watched the laughter in person, but also personally wrote the Spring Festival couplets. He passed by a family and saw that the Spring Festival couplets had not been posted on the door. He went to ask, knowing that this was a castrated pig, and had not asked someone to write it for him. Zhu Yuanzhang specially wrote Spring Festival couplets for the castrated pig man, which read "Split the road of life and death with both hands and cut off the root of right and wrong with one knife". Relevance and humor. After Ming Taizu's advocacy, Spring Festival couplets have become a custom since then, and have been passed down to this day.
Sticking blessings, stick grilles, New Year pictures, and hanging thousands.
These have the folk functions of blessing and decorating the residence. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China. They reflect the customs and beliefs of the people and place their hopes on the future. New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". Spring Festival couplets developed from the names of shentu and Yu Lei to characters, while New Year pictures still developed along the direction of painting. With the rise of woodblock printing, the content of New Year pictures is not limited to the door gods, but gradually invites the god of wealth to the home, and then in some New Year pictures workshops, colorful New Year pictures such as Three Stars of Fu Lushou, heavenly god blesses the people, Harvest of Five Grains, Prosperity of Six Livestock, Greeting the Spring and Blessing the New Year are produced to meet people's good wishes of celebrating and praying for the New Year. Because Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of Ming Dynasty, advocated sticking couplets on the Spring Festival, New Year pictures became popular, and three important producing areas of New Year pictures appeared in China: Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Weifang in Shandong. Formed three schools of Chinese New Year pictures. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zheng Mantuo of Shanghai combined the calendar with the New Year pictures. This is a new form of New Year pictures. This two-in-one New Year picture was later developed into a calendar. Hanging a thousand is engraved on red paper with auspicious words, with a long ruler and a zhi, which is stuck in front of the door and reflects the peach symbol. Those with the Eight Immortals on them are hung in front of the Buddha. Hanging thousands of households use it more, and aristocratic families use it less. Its yellow paper is three inches long and red paper is more than one inch long, which is a "small hanging thousand" and is used by shops. The earliest hanging of thousands of coins was linked by making money (copper coins), which, like lucky money, had the effect of overwhelming victory.
set table of heaven and earth
This is a temporary table, which is specially designed for New Year's Eve. Generally, the house without a big Buddhist temple pays special attention to the table of heaven and earth, because there are few sacrifices to the Buddha at ordinary times, and the Buddha is rewarded once at the end of the year. In addition, this table is mainly used for receiving gods. The contents of the Heaven-Earth Table are different from those of the perennial Buddhist temples. Apart from hanging money, incense sticks, five offerings and big offerings, most of its idols are temporary, such as "Percent", which is a woodcut version of the idol album; "Eighteen Buddhas and Gods in the Three Realms of Heaven and Earth" is a full-length code for color printing with large yellow fringed paper wood engraving. Fu Lushou's Samsung portrait, etc. Some of the above images are incinerated after receiving the gods, such as "percentage". Others will not be burned until the fifth or even the Lantern Festival. The location of the table is not uniform. If the room is spacious, it can be placed in the house. If there is no land in the house, it can be placed in the courtyard. Legend has it that this night is the time when the gods in the sky are in the lower bound, so the people have this custom of receiving gods.
stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve
In our country, people have the habit of observing the old age on New Year's Eve, and the common name is "endure the new year". Watching the New Year begins with eating New Year's Eve. This New Year's Eve dinner should be eaten slowly, from the time when the lantern is lit, and some families have to eat it until late at night. According to Zonggu's Record of Jingchu's Years Old, it was customary to have New Year's Eve dinner at least in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The custom of observing the old age not only contains feelings of farewell and nostalgia for the years that have passed away like water, but also expresses good hope for the coming New Year.
set off firecrackers
At midnight, the New Year bell rang, and the sound of firecrackers shook the sky over the whole land of China. In this "three-yuan" moment of "the yuan of the year, the yuan of the month and the yuan of the time", some places still set up "Wang Huo" in the courtyard to show that the spirit is soaring and prosperous. Around the blazing fire, the children set off firecrackers and danced happily. At this time, there were bright lights in the house, bright sparks in front of the court and deafening noises outside the house, which pushed the lively atmosphere of New Year's Eve to the climax. Poets of all ages always praise the coming of the New Year with the most beautiful poems. Wang Anshi s Poem Yuan Ri;
In addition to the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze warms people in Tu Su.
Thousands of households have a pupil day. Always change new peaches for old ones.
It depicts the grand festive scene of Chinese people celebrating the Spring Festival. The sound of firecrackers is a sign to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and an expression of festive mood. Businessmen. Setting off firecrackers has another meaning: they set off firecrackers on New Year's Eve to make a big profit in the new year. However, according to the old custom, respect for the god of wealth should be the first, and setting off firecrackers should be the last. Legend has it that if you want to make a fortune, the firecrackers will ring until the end.
Eat new year's eve dinner
When the children are playing with firecrackers, it is also the busiest time for housewives in the kitchen. The New Year's food has been cooked a few days ago, and the New Year's Eve dinner is always cooked on the 30 th of the year. In the north, jiaozi on the first day of the Lunar New Year will also be packed out on the 30th night. At this time, everyone's chopping boards are busy chopping meat and vegetables. At this time, the sound of chopping boards from every household, the sound of firecrackers from streets and alleys, the sound of "crackling" abacus from shops and shops, and the cadence of reimbursement, mixed with laughter everywhere, are one after another, echoing with joy, interwoven into a cheerful movement on New Year's Eve.
Eating New Year's Eve is the most lively and enjoyable time for every household in the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, a table was filled with rich new year's dishes, and the whole family was reunited, sitting around the table, and having a family reunion dinner, the sense of fulfillment in my heart was really unspeakable. People not only enjoy the delicious food on the table, but also enjoy the happy atmosphere. There are big dishes, cold dishes, hot fried dishes and snacks on the table. Generally, two things are indispensable, one is hot pot, and the other is fish. The hot pot is boiling, steaming, warm and sultry, indicating that it is booming; "Fish" and "Yu" are homophonic, which symbolizes "more than good luck and celebration" and also means "more than every year". There are also radishes, commonly known as vegetable heads, wishing you good luck; Lobster, fried fish and other fried foods, I wish my family prosperity, such as "cooking oil with fire." Finally, I will have a dessert, wishing the days to come to be sweet and sweet. On this day, even if I can't drink, I will drink a little.
There are many tricks of the New Year's Eve dinner, including jiaozi, Wonton, Long Noodles, Yuanxiao, etc., and each has its own emphasis. Northerners are used to eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival, which means "making friends at a younger age". And because the white-flour jiaozi is shaped like a silver ingot, a pot of pots on the table symbolizes the meaning of "making a fortune in the New Year, and the ingot rolls in". Some wrapped jiaozi, but also wrapped a few coins sterilized by boiling water, saying that whoever ate first would make more money. The custom of eating jiaozi was handed down from the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Zhang Zhongjing, a medical saint, saw that the poor people's ears were frozen rotten in the cold winter, so he made a kind of "Quhan Jiaoer soup" to treat frostbite for the poor people. He used mutton, peppers and some herbs to dispel the cold and warm, and made ear-like "jiao-er" with a flour bag, cooked it in a pot and distributed it to the poor. After eating it, people felt warm all over and their ears were hot. Since then, people have followed suit, which has been passed down to today. Eating wonton in the new year is based on its original meaning. Legend has it that the world was in a chaotic state before it was created, and Pangu created the universe with four sides and long faces, also called longevity noodles. Eating noodles in the new year is to wish you a long life.
Connect with god
Receiving god is to divide the old and new years, but the time of receiving god is not uniform. Some people begin to hold ceremonies as soon as the child arrives, some begin to pick up the gods at midnight when the child is "right", and some do so after the child is "right". After the sacrifice, all the gods returned to the Heavenly Palace, ignoring worldly affairs, and after the New Year's Eve, that is, when the new year came, they came to the human Council. The ceremony of receiving the gods was held at the table of heaven and earth, presided over by the oldest person in the family. Because the gods live in different directions of heaven, the lower bound naturally comes in different directions. As for who to meet and where to come from, it is necessary to check the "constitutional book" in advance and then lead the whole family to hold incense in the courtyard to meet the gods according to their directions. For example, Xin Weinian's "Constitution Book" indicates that "the God of Wealth is due east, the God of Fortune is due south, the northeast of your God, the southwest of XiShen, and the southwest of Tai Sui God". After kowtowing in the direction, stand still until the incense is exhausted, then kowtow. Finally, take down the fragrant roots, statues and ingots, and put them into the money and grain pots already prepared in the courtyard for burning. When burning, pine branches and sesame stalks are burned together. When receiving the gods, firecrackers exploded and the atmosphere was extremely strong.
Tread on
After receiving the gods, sesame stalks are spread from the street gate to the door of the house, and people walk on it, making a noise, which is called "stepping on the age" or "stepping on the special". Because "broken" and "precious" are homonyms, it means that the new year begins to drive away evil spirits.
offer sacrifices to ancestors
In ancient times, this custom was very prosperous. Due to the different manners and customs in different places, the forms of ancestor worship are also different. Some go to visit the ancestral graves in the wild, and some go to the ancestral halls to worship their ancestors. Most of them put their ancestral tablets in the main hall in turn at home to display their offerings, and then the worshippers offer incense and bow down in order of age. Han people worship their ancestors, and most of them make fish bowls, which are filled with high bowls, which is quite a bell ringing. When people from the south live in Beijing, ancestor worship is particularly grand. Most of them are eight bowls of big dishes, with hot pot in the middle and cups and chopsticks according to the position. On New Year's Eve, New Year's Day and Yuanye, the hot pot is fanned and dishes are changed at any time. Manchu and Mongolian people offer sacrifices to their ancestors. Mongolian banners offer butter to fry yellow wheat, and when they withdraw their offerings, they fry it with sesame oil and dip it in white sugar, which has another flavor. Manchu banners offered sacrifices to their ancestors, offering walnut cakes, hibiscus cakes, apples and plain wax sandalwood, which was quiet and unusual. On New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, vegetarian cakes are cooked, and Yuanxiao is served on the last night. Every morning and evening, incense is burned and kowtows are offered, and new tea is offered. Although the forms of ancestor worship are different, most of them are hanging shadows on New Year's Eve, and the confession is withdrawn on the last night of the Yuan Dynasty. They are close to their relatives and friends. When they pay a New Year call, they must also knock on the ancestral hall, not only cautiously pursuing the future, but also preserving their virtue of respecting their ancestors.
send mammon
In the old days, from the opening of the financial door at midnight during the Spring Festival, there were people who sent the God of Wealth. The God of Wealth with a piece of paper in his hand shouted outside the door: "Here comes the God of Wealth!" At this time, the owner of the house, in order to welcome the god of wealth, gave a reward to the bearer and sent it to the mouth of the god of wealth. Of course, it was inevitable to say something auspicious. For example, "the treasure is rolling in"! There is a pair of golden lions on the left and a pair of golden phoenix on the right! And so on. There is another one who dresses up as the God of Wealth, wearing a red robe, a gauze hat, a fake beard on his mouth, carrying a yellow cloth bag to collect money, followed by several drummers, and distributing the God of Wealth from door to door in order to ask for a reward. Every time people go to the door, they sing: "The left compartment is full of gold and silver, and the right side is full of treasures." A lot of good luck words are endless until the owner happily took over the red paper statue of the God of Wealth, gave them some money, and after thanking them, they knocked for a while and went to another house with the sound of gongs and drums.
Drink Tu Su wine
Tu Su wine is a kind of medicinal liquor. In ancient customs, the whole family drank Tu Su wine in Yuanri to get rid of unhealthy tendencies. The method of making Tu Su wine is as follows: rhubarb, platycodon grandiflorum, Sichuan pepper, Cinnamomum cassia, cornus, Fangfeng, suspended in a well in a crimson capsule, picked up at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and boiled with wine for four or five times. In ancient times, Tu Su wine was drunk in a unique way. Most people drink alcohol, always starting from the elderly; But drinking Tu Su wine is just the opposite, starting from the youngest. Perhaps the young people grow up day by day, drinking first to show their congratulations, while the old people drink later to show their retention. Su Zhe, a writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "In addition to Japan": "I drink Tu Su at the end of every year, but I don't feel that I have been over 70 years." That's the custom. In ancient times, this unique drinking order often made people feel all kinds of emotions, so it left a deep impression on people.
Next year's meal
In the north, some families have to provide a pot of rice, which was cooked years ago and provided for the Chinese New Year. It is called "New Year's Rice", which means that there are leftovers every year, which can't be eaten all the year round, and this year they still eat the grain of the previous year. This bowl of New Year's rice is usually cooked by mixing rice and millet. As the saying goes in Beijing, it is called "two-meter rice" because it is yellow and white. This is called "golden rice with gold and silver, full of gold and silver". In many places, cakes, melons and fruits prepared at the time of observing the old age are intended to win a lucky charm: eating dates (spring comes early), persimmon (everything goes well), almond (happy people), longevity fruit (immortality) and rice cakes (higher every year). On New Year's Eve, the whole family ate and enjoyed themselves, talking and laughing.
[Edit this paragraph] The first day of the first month
Spring Festival is commonly known as "Chinese New Year", formerly known as "New Year's Day", and the original meaning of "yuan" is "head", and later it is extended to "start". Because this day is the first day of the year, the first day of spring and the first day of the first month, it is called "three yuan". Because this day is still the year-old dynasty, the moon dynasty and the day dynasty, it is also called the "three dynasties"; Because it is the first Shuori, it is also called "Yuanshuo". On the first day of the first month, there are other nicknames such as Shangri, Zhengchao, Sanshuo and Sanshi, which means that the first day of the first month is the beginning of the year, month and day.
On the morning of the Spring Festival, when the door is opened, firecrackers are set off first, which is called "opening the door for firecrackers". After the sound of firecrackers, the ground is full of broken red, which is called "full house red" At this time, the streets are full of anger and joy.
An important activity in the Spring Festival is to congratulate the new year at the homes and neighbors of new friends and friends, formerly known as New Year greetings. The wind of the Han people's New Year greetings has existed in the Han Dynasty. It was very popular after the Tang and Song Dynasties, and some people who don't have to go in person can use famous cards to congratulate them. It was called "thorn" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so the business card was also called "famous thorn". After the Ming Dynasty, many people put up a red paper bag at the door to collect famous cards, called "door book".
However, from the first day of the first month to the fifth day of the first month, most families do not receive women, which is called "taboo." It is only for men to go out to pay New Year's greetings, while women can't go out to visit until after the sixth day of the first month. The New Year's greetings will be extended for a long time until the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. In the evening, visiting people to pay New Year's greetings is called "Night Worship Festival", and it is called "Lantern Festival" after the tenth day of the lunar calendar, so there is a joke that "it is not too late to have a cold meal".
If you fail to follow the routine ceremony for some reason and make up for it in the future, it is called "worshipping your old age"
Zhansui
In the old days, the people took this year as a result of the sunny weather in the first few days of Xinzheng. Its theory began in Dong Fangshuo's "Year of the Year", which means that eight days after the year, one day is chicken day, two days is dog, three days is pig, four days is sheep, five days is cow, six days is horse, seven days is great man and eight days is valley. If the day is sunny, the things that belong to it will breed, and if it is cloudy, the day that belongs to it will not last. Later generations follow their habits and think that the weather is clear, there is no wind or snow for good luck from the first day to the tenth day. Future generations have developed from occupying the age to a series of sacrifices and celebrations. There is a custom of not killing chickens on the first day, dogs on the second day, pigs on the third day ... and no execution on the seventh day. Draw a chicken
Tiehua chicken
In ancient times, chickens were painted on doors and windows to drive away ghosts and evil spirits during the Spring Festival. In the book "Xuan Zhong Ji" written by Jin Dynasty, the pheasant on Dushuo Mountain mentioned above was mentioned, saying that when it was just rising and the first sunlight shone on this big tree, the pheasant crowed. As soon as it crows, the chickens all over the world crow with it. Therefore, the chicken cut during the Spring Festival is actually a symbol of the pheasant. However, in ancient mythology, there is also a saying that chicken is a deformed bird. It is said that during Emperor Yao's reign, friends from the other side paid tribute to a bird that can ward off evil spirits. Everyone welcomed the arrival of the bird, but the tribute envoy didn't come every year, so people carved a wooden bird, cast it in bronze and put it on the portal, or painted it on the doors and windows to scare off monsters and make them afraid to come again. Because the bird looks like a chicken, it will be gradually changed to painting a chicken or cutting window flowers and sticking them on the doors and windows, which will become the source of paper-cutting art in later generations. In ancient China, chickens were paid special attention to, and they were called "birds with five virtues". "Biography of Han Poetry" said that it has a crown on its head and is a literary virtue; There is a distance behind the foot to fight, which is a martial virtue; It is brave for the enemy to dare to fight before; It is benevolence to have food to greet the same kind; It is faith to keep vigil and dawn. Therefore, people not only cut chickens during the Chinese New Year, but also set the first day of the New Year as Chicken Day.
Jucai
It is said that the first day of the first month is the broom birthday, so you can't use the broom on this day, otherwise it will sweep away luck and ruin money, and attract the "broom star" and cause bad luck. If you have to sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside to the inside. On this day, you can't throw water on the garbage, for fear of breaking the money. Today, there is still a custom in many places to clean up the New Year's Eve. On the first day of the New Year, there is no broom, no garbage, and a big bucket is prepared to hold waste water, so that it is not splashed outside that day.
[Edit this paragraph] The second day of the first month
On the second day of the first month (the fourth day of the first month in the northern region), the married daughters went back to their parents' homes with their husbands and children to pay New Year greetings. When a daughter goes back to her mother's house, she must have a big bag of biscuits and candy, which will be distributed to the neighbors by her mother, just like the scene of the New Year. If there are many daughters in the family, and these daughters don't come back on the same day, then we will have to share them one at a time. The gift is quite thin, just four biscuits. However, it reflects a strong affection, and what is really' courtesy is light and affection is heavy', which expresses the girl's longing for the villagers. When a girl comes home, if she has a nephew at home, her aunt must pay for it again. Although she gave the lucky money on the first day of the lunar new year, this time it has a different meaning. This custom is called "eating day and night" by Chaoshan people. As the name implies, it's just lunch, and the daughter must get back to her husband's house before dinner.
Sacrifice to the god of wealth
In the north, the god of wealth is sacrificed on the second day of the first month. On this day, both commercial shops and ordinary families will hold activities to sacrifice the god of wealth. Families offered sacrifices to the God of Wealth who came on New Year's Eve. In fact, the bought rough printed matter was incinerated. I want to eat wonton at noon this day, commonly known as "Yuanbao soup". Fish and mutton are used as sacrifices. On this day, big businesses in old Beijing all held large-scale sacrificial activities, offering sacrifices with "five offerings", that is, whole pig, whole sheep, whole chicken, whole duck and red live carp, hoping to make a fortune this year. There are different opinions about who the God of Wealth is, mainly as follows:
Zhao Gongming, also known as Zhao Xuantan, was ordered by Zhang Tianshi to keep the mysterious altar. This person comes from the Romance of the Gods, and Jiang Ziya named him "the God of the Dragon and Tiger Xuantan". Zhao Minglang, the word Gongming, is the god of Xuanwu in Taoism, commonly known as Zhao Gongyuan's teacher. This statement comes from the "Three Religions Searching for Gods", and the full name of the holy name is: "Master Zhao Yuanshi, the general manager of Qingzheng-Xuantan Flying Tiger Golden Wheel".
Fan Li, Zhao Gong Tianshi and Guan Yu are Wu Caishen. In addition, there are people who worship Taibai Star, which is called "Wealth Star King". Because Taibai star is also called Venus, and it will be the god of wealth. There are also those who regard the Monkey King and the lucky boy as the gods of wealth.
Most of the folk offerings are made by Zhao Gongming, whose printed image is very powerful, with dark face and thick beard, wearing a helmet and a whip in his hand, and surrounded by patterns such as cornucopia, big gold ingot and coral, which set off the rich and luxurious effect.
[Edit this paragraph] The third day of the first month
The third day of the first month is the day when Nu Wa makes sheep, so it is called "sheep day". On this day, people can't kill sheep. If the weather is good, it means that sheep will be well raised and people who raise sheep will have a good harvest this year.
Burning door god paper
In the old days, on the third day of the third day, the pine and cypress branches and the doorkeeper's notes hung on the festival were burned together to show that the new year had passed and it was time to start business again. As the saying goes, "Burn the door-keeper's paper, and one will seek physiology".
Guzi birthday
People think that the third day of the first month is the birthday of millet. On this day, people wish sacrifices and pray for the New Year, and they do not eat rice.
Xiaonianchao
That is, tianqing festival. The court festival in Song Dynasty, the first year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu, was handed down to the world because there was a heavenly book, so Zhenzong issued an imperial edict, and the third day of the first month was designated as Tianqing Festival, and officials and others took five days off. Later, it was called Xiao Nianchao, which did not sweep the floor, beg for fire or draw water, the same as the old dynasty.
Post "red mouth"
In the south of China, "red mouth" (forbidden mouth) is posted on the morning of the third day of New Year's Eve. It is considered that it is easy to quarrel on this day and it is not suitable for New Year's greetings. The so-called "red mouth" is usually made of a red note about seven or eight inches long and one inch wide, on which are written some words about peace and good luck (the content has a certain format, for example, "On the third day of the first month of the year of 1994, when the front door of Jiaxu was nailed to the front door of the gods, all the men and women who were red-mouthed thieves stole Mars turned out to be lucky"), and another one was put on the top of the front door and the back door to pick it out and pour it out. These rubbish are accumulated on the second day of the first day of junior high school, and must be cleaned up and dumped together until the third day of junior high school. Otherwise, it is equivalent to the outflow of gold and silver treasures at home. In a word, posting "Red Mouth" is to make people feel that they can go in and out safely all the year round, without quarreling with others or all kinds of unfortunate disasters, and make more money at home and all the best.
"send the year"
Generally, the ceremony of sending out the year is held at night to send away the gods and ancestors to heaven.
[Edit this paragraph] The fifth day of the first month
The fifth day of the first month is commonly known as the fifth day. Many taboos can be broken after this day when folklore is said to be broken. According to the old custom, you should eat "water jiaozi" for five days, and in the north it is called "boiled cake". Nowadays, some families only eat for three or two days, and some eat every other day. However, there is no one who does not eat. This is true from princes' mansions to small houses in streets and lanes, even for hospitality. Women are no longer taboo, and begin to visit each other to pay New Year greetings and congratulate each other. The newly married woman returns home on this day. It is not appropriate to do things on the day of breaking the fifth, otherwise something will happen this year. In addition to the above taboos, the custom of breaking the Five-Year Plan is mainly to send the poor, welcome the god of wealth and open the market for trade. New Year pictures: God of Wealth