Guangdong Wu Jinwen Second Construction Project (May 22, 2004)
Romance of the Three Kingdoms covers more than 90 years. The descriptions of various characters and story lines in the book are really wonderful. In addition to Liu, Guan, Zhang, Zhao and other well-known figures, there are also some figures presented to people in casual strokes: Jiang Gan, who is stupid and clever; Liu Chan, who is stupid and "happy"; Cao c… is rich in political and military talents, but cruel and vicious, which is impressive. In addition to the struggle between military commanders, the book is full of brilliant civilian counselors, and various counselors are intrigued. What two tigers actually eat, drive away tigers, kill people with knives, care for their loved ones, beauty tactics, serial tactics, and so on, all kinds of sinister and vicious means are used. If you make up your mind, the whole book will be enough to write a complete book of conspiracy.
These reading experiences were written when reading the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, combined with reading the relevant chapters in Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms and Sima Guang's Learning from the Same Resources, and were selected.
Empty city plan, did Sima Yi fall for it?
To raise this question, we must first be psychologically prepared: be prepared to swear! For more than 1000 years, Zhuge Liang has been worshipped as the embodiment of wisdom, the empty city plan, and even the wisdom in wisdom, so that the empty city plan in Thirty-six Plans is also among them. Therefore, it seems unwise to ask this question.
But I still have to ask: Did Sima Yi really fall for it?
The answer is simple. Sima Yi was never caught. He deliberately let Zhuge Liang go and led him to this behavior. This is a huge political conspiracy of Sima Yi.
In order to make the analysis more orderly, first introduce the two protagonists, Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi, and the two regimes they represent, Shu and Wei, and draw a conclusion.
In the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang put forward the famous "Longzhong Dui", made a prospect and action plan for social politics, military affairs, diplomacy and internal affairs at that time, and determined the idea of developing to the Central Plains based on Sichuan. After ten years of operation and twenty-four years of Jian 'an, we finally have the land of two rivers, and realized Longzhong's strategic plan for the first half: "crossing the Jing, benefiting and ensuring". This is the right strategy, and it has been realized. But Longzhong's strategy for the second half was wrong, and the stealth and pincer attack were right. It reversed the position of the main force and the partial division, so it was called an "invisible mistake": "If the world changes, the soldiers of Jingzhou will be led to Wan and Luo, and the generals will lead the people of Yizhou to Qinchuan." On the surface, it completely conforms to the battlefield rules, allowing the enemy to fight on both sides, but what is fatal is that the main force and some divisions used the wrong direction, causing irreparable losses.
What's the reason? This is because: after Xian Di moved the capital to Xudu, Qinchuan has lost its political status of commanding the whole country; After the war, the economy and people's livelihood of "high ruins everywhere, ten rooms and nine empty rooms" could not support the action of large troops; The large troops are far from the rear, across the mountain, and the supply cannot be replenished in time. Materials travel long distances across mountains, and once they are cut off, large troops are extremely dangerous. Therefore, on the premise of preventing attacks, it is appropriate to use small and capable troops to attack everywhere and contain the enemy. That's all. This is the direction of Qinchuan. Jingzhou is in different directions. Jingzhou is located on the Yangtze River, and it is strategically located in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River with Iraq, Nanjing and Yang. If they occupy Jingzhou, Yizhou and Jingzhou will all live, and they can go down the river militarily. What's more, Jingzhou's "Woye Shengshi" strategically forced Wan and Luo to control Jiangnan. Therefore, the so-called "crossing Jing Yi and protecting its rock resistance" is the battlefield for military strategists. "Jingzhou is connected with the country, and if it is available, this imperial city can also be obtained" (Volume XIII of Zi Zhi Tong Jian). However, due to Jingzhou's small size and lack of depth, Zhuge Liang repeatedly warned Guan Yu to "reject Cao Bing in the east and Sun Quan in the north" to avoid being attacked on both sides. Even so, once a small group of troops were under pressure, the situation was extremely dangerous, so Guan Yu lost Jingzhou. Therefore, it is appropriate to use large forces and exert continuous military pressure to achieve the goal of firmly controlling strategic locations, so that they can advance and retreat freely and move freely.
It's a pity that Zhuge Liang made a mistake here and didn't pay attention to Jingzhou. After Guan Yu lost Jingzhou, it was impossible for Shu Han to "go east downstream" from now on, and Qinchuan could not get through, so he was trapped in the land of two rivers.
When Zhuge Liang realized this, it was too late. He faced a choice: active attack or passive defense?
He knows his weight. In "A Model", he said: "When you measure the talent of a minister, you will know that only by cutting thieves can you weaken the enemy and strengthen it." If you don't take the initiative to make progress, you will say, "If you don't cut off the thief, Wang Ye will die, but you are doing nothing. Which one is it? " This is because "we can't be partial to the capital of Shu". If you want to make progress, what are your strengths? Since entering Hanzhong, after the battle of Yiling (burning camp), in a few years, * * * more than 70 generals who are good at taking the lead and 1000 military backbones have died successively. These military backbones have been accumulated and cultivated for decades. If we spend a few more years, it will be two-thirds less, which obviously shows that our strength is insufficient. If you wait for the enemy to attack, the price you pay is equal to taking the initiative to attack. As the saying goes, "live and travel, work and expenses are just waiting." This is Zhuge Liang's personal understanding, which is more objective.
At all times and in all countries, war is a military war on the surface, but in fact it is a logistics war, a protracted war and a comprehensive national strength war. What is the comprehensive national strength of Shu? There is a set of figures in the official history of the reflection, which shows that when Shu died, "there were 280,000 households, 940,000 men and women, 102,000 sergeants, 40,000 officials and more than 400,000 granaries (gold, stone? ), gold and silver each two thousand jins ... ". It can be said that the inventory has reached the point of sweeping bricks and seams, and it is a country's material reserve! As can be seen from the figures, on average, there is one soldier for every nine people and one official for every seven households. (According to: Today's politicians should learn from it! This situation was not much better even during Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition. So don't talk about "setting the Central Plains in the north and restoring the Han Dynasty". It's hard to protect yourself. It is no wonder that Zhuge Liang admitted: "Everything is so unpredictable that we will not rest until we die. As for failure, I am outspoken, which I don't know. "
Such was the situation in Shu, and Zhuge Liang also realized that Sima Yi, a politician and strategist who was intrigued politically at that time, certainly knew the situation in the other two countries around him like the back of his hand. He deliberately exaggerated the strength of the other side, alarmist, in order to firmly grasp the armed forces of Wei, in order to achieve his political goal-once the time is ripe, seize the political power of Wei.
(www.xxYsh.com finishing)
What is the situation of Wei behind Sima Yi? As far as Wei is concerned, since Cao C occupied the land of the Central Plains, he leveled the strongmen in the territory, pacified the north and reached the Liaodong Peninsula. By adopting the policy of stabilizing territory, reclaiming farmland, building water conservancy and developing agriculture, the productivity has been greatly improved, the whole territory has been initially stabilized, and it has gradually become the political center of the country. More importantly, although he was nominally the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, he actually firmly grasped the state power and gave orders to the whole country in the name of the orthodoxy of the Han Dynasty, which reflected the political talent of a politician. In the twenty-five years of Jian 'an, Cao Bing died, and Cao Pi took the place of Han and founded Wei. Seven years later, Cao Pi died, his son Cao Rui was Wang Wei, and Sima Yi was appointed commander-in-chief of the national armed forces-a title of generals in ancient times. For a political careerist like Sima Yi, it is really a good opportunity to fall from the sky! However, according to Sima Yi's own measure, the time to seize the Wei regime is not yet mature: Cao Bingcai died seven years ago, and a group of loyal ministers are still there; His wings are not full; Imperial officials had a lot of doubts about themselves ... So, he retreated and wrote to Cao Rui to station troops in Xiliang. On the surface, it is defending Yong and Liangzhou, but in fact it is sticking to the army, supporting military minions and waiting for opportunities.