Insurance contract project risk management (project Risk Management) means that the project management team uses risk identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation as a basis to rationally use a variety of management methods, technologies and means to manage project activities. Effectively control the risks involved, take proactive actions, create conditions, maximize the beneficial results of risk events, properly handle the adverse consequences of risk accidents, and ensure the overall goal of the project is achieved safely and reliably at the least cost.

With the continuous deepening of my country’s reform and opening up and the gradual establishment of a market economic system, project risks are increasing day by day. Since railway construction projects have long construction cycles and are susceptible to force majeure factors (floods, typhoons, earthquakes, etc.) and accidents (fires, explosions, etc.), railway construction projects are risky and uncertain. . With the deepening of the promotion of the legal person responsibility system for construction projects and its integration with international practices, the gradual implementation of the project bidding system, the project owner responsibility system and the risk investment mechanism, as well as the limitations of the international insurance market and the relative lag in the development of our country's insurance market, all have All economic units in our country are required to strengthen their own project risk management. Therefore, the research and promotion of risk management in railway construction projects has great practical significance in promoting the stable, sustainable and rapid development of my country's railway economy. Railway engineering project risk management runs through the entire process of a railway engineering project from planning, determining project scale, engineering design, engineering construction, to completion and commissioning. This article discusses several issues that arise in risk management of railway engineering construction projects.

1. Characteristics of risks in railway construction projects

Railway construction projects are large in scale, huge in investment, and far-reaching. They face many types of risks and the interrelationships between various risks. complex. Risk management must be taken seriously during the entire life cycle of a project, from project establishment to completion and operation. The risks of railway construction projects have the following characteristics.

(1) The objectivity and commonness of risk existence. As the uncertainty of loss, risk is an objective existence that transcends people's consciousness. During the entire life cycle of the project, risk is everywhere and occurs all the time.

(2) The contingency of a specific risk and the inevitability of a large number of risks. The occurrence of any specific risk is the result of the simultaneous action of many risk factors and other factors. It is a random phenomenon. The occurrence of individual risk accidents is accidental and chaotic. However, observation and statistical analysis of a large amount of risk accident data have revealed obvious movement patterns, which makes it possible to use probability statistics methods and other modern risk analysis methods to calculate the probability of risk occurrence and degree of loss. It also leads to The rapid development of risk management.

(3) Risk variability. During the entire process of the project, various risks change in quality and quantity. As the project progresses, some risks will be controlled, and some risks will occur and be dealt with. At the same time, new risks may arise at each stage of the project. risk.

(4) Diversity and multi-level risk. Railway engineering construction projects have long cycles, large scales, and wide scopes. The number and types of risk factors are large and diverse, resulting in a variety of risks faced during the entire life cycle. Moreover, the inherent relationships between a large number of risk factors are intricate and complex. The cross-influence between enterprises and the outside world makes risks appear multi-layered, which is one of the main characteristics of risks in major engineering projects.

Since the risks in railway engineering projects have the characteristics as mentioned above, especially the diversity and multi-level nature, this determines that a comprehensive and integrated method from qualitative to quantitative should be used to evaluate the project. Only through risk management of the project can various risks be properly handled, thereby minimizing losses and achieving the expected goals.

Risk management for railway engineering projects is to try to reduce the possibility of risks and reduce the adverse impact of risks on the project. It can be divided into 5 steps:

(1) Identify potential sources of risk in the project.

(2) Analyze the impact of each risk on the project, and select those risks that have a significant impact on the project for further analysis.

(3) Comprehensively evaluate the overall impact of these major risks on the project.

(4) Develop and implement risk control plans.

(5) Determine ways to reduce the possibility of risk occurrence and reduce its adverse effects.

By predicting and identifying the risks of railway engineering construction projects, we can comprehensively understand and understand the risk factors, risk environment, and risk characteristics and categories of railway engineering construction projects. On this basis, we can predict the risks of railway project construction projects. Conduct a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the probability of occurrence and magnitude of loss, and determine the main risks and main risk factors of the project. According to the characteristics of railway engineering construction project risks, two methods are used to analyze and evaluate engineering project risks: dynamic analytic hierarchy process (DAHP method) and fuzzy analysis method (FA method). The DAIIP method uses the principle of the analytic hierarchy process to dynamically analyze and evaluate the risks of engineering projects by taking time as one of the influencing factors of project risks. This method facilitates project risk management personnel to adjust risk treatment plans in a timely manner and provides guarantee for the smooth completion of the project.

The FA method uses fuzzy set theory to quantify experts' fuzzy answers to consulting questions raised by risk managers, thereby reasonably and accurately assessing engineering project risks.

2. The objective management method is the basic method of risk management

Risk management objectives must be consistent with the overall goals of the enterprise, and must be consistent with the enterprise's environment and the unique attributes of the enterprise. The overall goals of a company include corporate profits, corporate survival and development, and corporate social obligations and rights.

The risk management objectives can be summarized as follows: maintain survival and stabilize the situation; reduce costs and increase profits; avoid business interruption, continue to grow and build reputation, expand influence; and cope with special changes.

To achieve risk management goals, it is necessary to establish specific guiding principles, clarify the risk management defined within the enterprise, the sub-goals and overall goals of functions, stipulate the tasks, rights and responsibilities of the risk management department, and coordinate within the organization Risk handling among various departments, establishing and improving information channels and management information systems.

The application of objective management method to construction project management requires the following stages.

(1) It is necessary to determine the division of tasks at each level and department within the project organization, and put forward requirements for completing construction tasks and work efficiency;

(2) It is necessary to organize the project To convert tasks into specific goals, it is necessary to clarify both achievement goals (such as project quality, progress, etc.) and efficiency goals (such as project cost, labor productivity, etc.);

(3) Implementation Goals: First, it is necessary to implement the responsible subjects for the goals; second, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities and rights of the responsible subjects; third, it is necessary to implement the responsible persons and means for inspection and supervision; fourth, it is necessary to implement the guarantee conditions for the realization of the goals;

< p>(4) Coordinate and control the execution process of the goals, discover deviations, and analyze and correct them in a timely manner;

(5) Evaluate the results of the execution of the goals, and compare the results of the target execution with the planned goals Make comparisons to evaluate the quality of management by objectives.

Construction projects have specific target systems. Implementing target control requires the project management department to comprehensively control the overall project goals. This is a reliable measure to ensure that construction project management achieves the established goals, and it is also a dynamic way of each work. The assurance of steady forward progress in balance.

The goal control of construction project management is to transform the total construction period into a total goal vertically, scientifically divide the stage goals according to the overall goal, and decompose it into a number of node goals through network planning technology. At the same time, it is divided into five goal systems horizontally: quality control, construction schedule control, cost control, safety control and construction site control. Then all goals are scientifically decomposed according to the organizational system according to the principle of vertical to bottom and horizontal to edge, so that participants in the project can All departments and even each person in charge of construction have their own goals, and the realization of big goals is ensured through the realization of small goals.

In the process of controlling construction project goals, we will continue to be interfered by various objective factors, and various risk factors may occur at any time. Therefore, we should strengthen the control of construction project goals through organizational coordination and risk management. control.

3. Risk identification process

The risk identification process is the first process of risk management issues in railway engineering construction projects. It is the first step in the analysis and evaluation of engineering risks and the risk response process. Base. The process must include investigation and analysis of all possible potential sources of various engineering risks and their potential impacts.

Uncertainty is the root of engineering risks. Railway engineering construction is always in a risky environment, and many uncertain events will have an impact and harm the expected goals of the project, and may lead to losses of life and property. Therefore, the primary task of the risk identification process is to calmly, objectively and carefully analyze and explore various possible uncertain events from the aspects of natural conditions, social environment, economic environment, technical conditions, etc.

In principle, risk identification can be based on the causes to find the results, or the results can be used to find the causes. To investigate the results from the causes is to first find out what events will occur in this project and what consequences they will cause after they occur. For example, during the course of the project, will the tariff rate change? What are the consequences of increasing or decreasing the tariff rate? Find the reasons from the results. The price increase of building materials will cause project overruns. What factors will cause the price increase of building materials? Project progress delays will cause many adverse consequences. What are the common factors that cause progress delays? These can be used to identify engineering project risks.

4. Engineering insurance contract

With the deepening of the promotion of the legal person responsibility system for construction projects and its integration with international practices, more and more construction project legal persons or construction companies are involved in engineering construction projects. During construction implementation, attention should be paid to eliminating or transferring risks through engineering insurance and other means.

4.1 The main contents of engineering insurance contract management

Construction enterprises should handle matters related to engineering insurance in a timely manner according to the relevant provisions of the construction contract, and establish and improve a certain engineering project in a timely manner The contract management system shall be equipped with full-time or part-time contract management personnel as appropriate to check the relevant status of the project contract at any time.

4.2 Basis for engineering insurance claims

(1) Bidding documents, signed texts of project construction contracts and their attachments; (2) Engineering drawings, technical specifications and implementation approved by the visa (3) Meeting minutes and correspondence between the parties to the contract; (4) Video tapes of the project implementation process; (5) Project construction process record documents; (6) Meteorological data during the project implementation process; (7) Project construction technical report and inspection and acceptance report; (8) Project construction power outage and water outage records, as well as construction road closure records and certificates; (9) Official price index and wage index where the project is located; (10) Various types of project projects Accounting data; (11) Proofs of procurement, ordering, transportation and arrival of materials used in the project; (12) Relevant national laws, regulations, guidelines and policy documents.

Judging from the current situation, the Engineering Construction Headquarters, an agency dispatched by the Ministry of Railways, only exercises management responsibilities during the project construction phase on behalf of the Ministry of Railways and does not bear the investment risks of project construction. Due to the large amount of railway construction projects, long construction period and investment giants, how to build railways quickly, quickly, cost-effectively, introduce investment constraint mechanisms and risk management into the construction management of new railway lines, and establish a real project legal person or project management committee , will be one of the important topics to deepen the reform of my country's railway construction management system.

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