A sub-provincial city, as its name implies, is a sub-provincial administrative level. The posts of secretary of the municipal party committee, director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, mayor and chairman of the CPPCC all belong to the sub-provincial cadres, and they are listed in the list of cadres' posts managed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The appointment and removal of posts shall be reported to the Central Committee for approval by the provincial party committee.
At present, there are 15 sub-provincial cities in China, among which Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo, Xiamen and Shenzhen are sub-provincial cities under separate state planning, while Wuhan, Chengdu, Xi 'an, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Jinan and Guangzhou are sub-provincial capital cities.
Back to the question, what's the difference between sub-provincial cities and cities with separate plans?
In fact, from the historical origin, there is no difference between the two. The predecessor of sub-provincial cities is cities with separate plans.
Let's take a look at the origin of sub-provincial cities:
In the 1980s.
1February 8, 983, the state implemented separate planning for Chongqing, giving provincial economic management authority.
1984 On May 2 1 day, July1day, July1day, and July 13, the requests for instructions for comprehensive economic system reform in Wuhan, Shenyang, and Dalian were respectively approved, giving these three cities provincial-level economic management authority. In July of the same year 18, "About Chongqing,
1984 10.5 the State Council approved the report on handling opinions of some cities with separate plans issued by the State Planning Commission and the National Economic System Reform Commission, and agreed with the proposal put forward in the report that "Harbin, Guangzhou and Xi 'an, the three provincial capital cities that implemented separate plans in the early 1960s, should be restored to cities with separate plans, and be given economic management authority equivalent to the provincial level".
198610 June 15 the State Council agreed to implement separate planning in Qingdao in the Reply on Implementing Separate Planning in Qingdao.
1February 24th, 987,1April 8th, 181October 3rd, the State Council approved Ningbo, Xiamen and Shenzhen to implement separate plans respectively.
On February 1989, 1 1, the State Council agreed to implement separate plans for these three provincial capitals in the Reply on the Implementation of Separate Plans for Nanjing, Chengdu and Changchun.
Up to now, there are 14 cities in China.
The 1990s.
1993 On July 2, the Central Committee issued a notice, printing and distributing the Plan for the Reform of Party and Government Organizations and the Implementation Opinions on the Plan for the Reform of Party and Government Organizations. According to the Plan, except for six non-capital cities such as Shenzhen, Chongqing, Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo and Xiamen, other capital cities will no longer implement separate plans, and the number of cities with separate plans in the country will be reduced from 14 to 6.
1On February 25th, 1994, the Central Organization Committee determined that the original 14 cities were listed separately in the plan, and Hangzhou, Jinan, *** 16 cities were sub-provincial cities.
1In June, 1997, Chongqing was upgraded to a municipality directly under the central government, and there were 15 of the 6 sub-provincial cities, of which only 5 were left in the 6 cities with separate plans, namely Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo, Xiamen and Shenzhen.
This is the origin of China's sub-provincial cities and cities with separate plans. It can be seen that except Jinan and Hangzhou, most sub-provincial cities and cities with separate plans originated from cities with separate plans in the 1980s.
Of course, from the current situation, there is still a big difference between cities with separate plans and sub-provincial cities.
Sub-provincial cities are the concept of administrative divisions, which was formally implemented on February 25th. 1994. In the past, it was a city with separate plans. The party and government organs were mainly leading cadres, and the administrative levels were provincial and ministerial deputies.
However, cities with separate plans do not belong to the concept in the administrative sense. Their full names are cities listed in the national social and economic development plan, incorporated into the national plan, and given the economic management authority equivalent to the provincial level, but they belong to sub-provincial cities at the administrative level.
In other words, sub-provincial cities are divided into sub-provincial cities and cities with separate plans (of course, sub-provincial cities are provincial capitals at present). Sub-provincial cities are not necessarily cities with separate plans, but cities with separate plans must be sub-provincial cities.
As for which is good, it depends on the specific situation.
Sub-provincial capital cities are the headquarters of provincial party and government organs, and are generally the political, economic and cultural centers of a province. In the reality that China's administrative power is responsible for the division of most resources, it will naturally get more resources and support, and its political status will be higher.
However, if you are the provincial capital, the deputy provincial capital cities often have to bear the responsibility of radiating and stimulating the economic and social development of a province, and at the same time pay part of the tax to the central government, while cities with separate plans have provincial-level economic management authority, that is to say, in terms of economic development, they are only responsible to the city and the central government and bear less responsibilities.
Therefore, from the perspective of fiscal revenue and economic development, sub-provincial capital cities often suffer more than cities with separate plans.
This difference is particularly evident in two first-tier cities in Guangdong, the largest economic province in China, namely, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, both sub-provincial cities. In 20 18, Shenzhen's general budget revenue reached 353.8 billion yuan, second only to Shanghai and Beijing, while Guangzhou only had163.2 billion yuan, which was not only behind Shenzhen in the same province, but also behind Chongqing and Tianjin.
However, according to the statistical bulletin of Guangzhou's national economic and social development in 20 18, Guangzhou's fiscal revenue actually reached 620.5 billion yuan in 20 18, of which the revenue from the national tax department was 401000 billion, resulting in Guangzhou's local general public budget revenue being only 1632.30.
We can see that Guangzhou's financial strength is not so great compared with Shenzhen after deducting the income paid to the central government and Guangdong.
Therefore, vice-provincial capital cities and cities with separate plans, one can get the resources and support of a province and is also responsible for promoting the economic development of the province, while the other can develop itself wholeheartedly, but it is difficult to get other resources in the province.
As for which is better or worse, this is a matter of opinion.
Sub-provincial cities are composed of 10 provincial capital cities and 5 cities with separate plans.
Sub-provincial cities: Guangzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Shenyang, Xi, Jinan, Harbin and Changchun.
Cities with separate plans: Shenzhen, Qingdao, Dalian, Xiamen and Ningbo.
Needless to say, the responsibilities of the provincial capital are naturally the seat of the provincial administrative center. After adding the title of "sub-provincial", it is proved that these sub-provincial cities have higher administrative level and higher urban positioning than ordinary provincial capital cities.
Cities under separate state planning are composed of several economically strong cities with the earliest economic opening in the coastal areas of China, and their local finance is directly linked to the central government. The leading bodies of cities under separate state planning and sub-provincial capital cities are at the same level, and the top leaders are nominated by the province and appointed by the central government.
The biggest difference between cities with separate plans and sub-provincial capital cities is that the former pays more attention to economic development. Four of the five cities with separate plans have developed more economically than provincial capitals, such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou, Qingdao and Jinan, Dalian and Shenyang, Xiamen and Fuzhou. Among them, the provincial capitals of the first three groups are also sub-provincial, but the economy is not as prominent as that of cities with separate plans in the province.
It is impossible to generalize which is better. Because sub-provincial cities were classified in 1990s, with the development of the next 20 years, many sub-provincial cities are less developed than some prefecture-level cities, which is related to regional economy and geographical location. So the comparison can only be in a local range. For example, Dalian, a city with separate plans, is better than Shenyang, the deputy provincial capital, and it is a complete victory in both economy and environment. Dalian is inferior to Wuhan and Chengdu in the central and western regions, so its advantages are mutual and regional. Moreover, due to different responsibilities and different development priorities, it is impossible to say which is better.
Sub-provincial cities include ten sub-provincial capital cities and five cities with separate plans.
Sub-provincial capital cities:
Harbin (Heilongjiang), Changchun (Jilin), Shenyang (Liaoning), Jinan (Shandong), Xi 'an (Shaanxi), Sichuan (Chengdu), Nanjing (Jiangsu), Hangzhou (Zhejiang), Wuhan (Hubei) and Guangzhou (Guangdong).
Cities with separate plans:
Dalian (Liaoning), Qingdao (Shandong), Ningbo (Zhejiang), Xiamen (Fujian) and Shenzhen (Guangdong)
From the administrative level, there is no difference. The four major teams (secretary of the municipal party Committee, director of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, mayor and chairman of the CPPCC) are all deputy ministerial officials.
The status of sub-provincial capital cities in the whole province and even the whole country is generally higher, and the political, economic, cultural, transportation, medical, military and social development is generally higher than that of prefecture-level capital cities.
Cities with separate plans were approved by China during the period of reform and opening up.
Shenzhen (ratified on June 3rd 1988)
The existing cities with separate plans refer to the implementation of a separate national plan for the cities under provincial jurisdiction in China, which means that the cities under provincial jurisdiction have separate accounts in the national plan under the condition that the administrative system remains unchanged, and the central government gives these cities the economic management authority equivalent to the provincial level.
Cities with separate plans are cities with relatively strong economic strength or very important strategic position. As the name implies, a city with separate plans means that the national economic plan budget of the city is listed separately from its provinces and controlled by the central budget. The city's fiscal revenue and expenditure are directly linked to the central government, which is divided into two parts and does not need to be turned over to the provincial finance. There are five cities under separate state planning in China, namely Shenzhen, Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo and Xiamen. Cities under separate state planning enjoy provincial economic authority, and implement the dual management mode of the central government and the provinces where they are located, generally focusing on the management of the provinces where they are located;
Sub-provincial cities, formerly cities with separate plans, enjoy sub-provincial administrative authority and some legislative power, which was formally implemented on February 25th. 1994. The administrative level of the main leading cadres of the party and government organs is the deputy provincial and ministerial level.
What's the difference between sub-provincial cities and cities with separate plans?
In a word, the difference is that cities under separate state planning are quasi-municipalities directly under the central government, and ordinary sub-provincial cities are only high-level cities.
There are 15 sub-provincial cities in China, including Shenzhen, Xiamen, Ningbo, Qingdao and Dalian. Other sub-provincial cities are provincial capitals, except Hangzhou, Changchun and Harbin.
First of all, cities with separate plans must be sub-provincial cities; Then there will be cities with separate plans, which is the biggest difference between cities with separate plans and general sub-provincial cities.
Which is better, a general sub-provincial city or a city with separate plans?
If it used to vary from city to city, some old regional central cities, also provincial capital cities, have a long history and a much stronger foundation than the corresponding cities with separate plans in the province. At that time, Guangzhou was far stronger than Shenzhen, Hangzhou was no worse than Ningbo, and Shenyang was no worse than Dalian.
But now the advantages of cities with separate plans are very obvious compared with provincial capitals!
With the continuous development of reform and opening up, the autonomy and policy advantages of cities with separate plans are increasingly reflected. In addition to Ningbo, the comprehensive strength of the other four cities with separate plans, namely Shenzhen, Xiamen, Qingdao and Dalian, has obviously surpassed that of the provincial capitals. However, the sub-provincial capitals such as Guangzhou, Shenyang and Jinan have become more and more conservative and backward except for the vacant ranks, and their ranks have even become the burden of social support, and the advantages of the sub-provincial capitals have not been reflected. Even the capital cities of some ordinary prefecture-level cities have begun to develop more than some sub-provincial cities. For example, Changsha, Hefei and Zhengzhou have obviously surpassed Xi, Changchun and Harbin.
The "separate planning" of cities with separate plans means that although cities with separate plans belong to provinces, they are actually quasi-municipalities directly under the central government. Its main features are: First, social and economic management is managed by the province, enjoying independent provincial management indicators, tied to the province where it is located, and not limited by the planned indicators of the province where it is located; Second, at the management level, it belongs to a quasi-municipality directly under the central government, because the relevant policies have been made clear, and the superior of the government departments of cities with separate plans is the relevant ministries and commissions in the State Council, not the provincial offices; Financial power, taxation and plan approval power are at the provincial level. For example, the tax bureaus of cities under separate state planning are all directly under the main hall level and at the same level as the provincial bureau.
In addition, the policy of cities under separate state planning can only be a phased policy, which cannot last long. First, this policy is very unfavorable to the provinces where cities with separate plans are located, because cities with separate plans and provinces have merged GDP statistics, but they have not contributed to fiscal revenue; Second, as a quasi-municipality directly under the central government, the development level and strength of cities with separate plans are not much different from those of real municipalities directly under the central government. However, cities with separate plans are not municipalities directly under the central government after all, and the status of provincial capital cities cannot guarantee their long-term development advantages and consolidate the functions of central cities.
Therefore, the policy of cities under separate state planning must be straightened out, that is, the management relationship with the province should be straightened out.
The best way out is to upgrade cities under separate state planning to municipalities directly under the central government. Cities under separate state planning, such as Xiamen, with a population of more than 3 million, are too small, so they can be downgraded to ordinary prefecture-level cities, which are completely under the jurisdiction of the province.
China has been a master of folding bed frames since ancient times, and he still is. Sub-provincial cities and cities with separate plans are the products of overlapping beds.
In China's normal administrative system, cities under provincial jurisdiction, including provincial capitals, should be prefecture-level cities. However, in order to give some cities special preferential policies or special status, they will be upgraded by half a level and positioned as sub-provincial.
At present, there are sub-provincial cities 15 in China, including provincial capital cities 10 and five cities under separate state planning. Their administrative levels are all sub-provincial. In fact, this 15 city is a planned city in the early 1980s and 1990s. Later, I thought it was too much. 1994 Only Shenzhen, Xiamen, Ningbo, Qingdao and Dalian are reserved as separate plans, and the rest 10 and provincial capitals are no longer planned separately.
The administrative levels of sub-provincial cities and cities under separate state planning are sub-provincial, and their four sets of team leaders are not deputy provincial cadres. For example, the mayor of Wuhan is the deputy provincial level, and the mayor of Changsha is the main hall level.
(The secretary of the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee is a deputy provincial level and can be directly promoted to the governor of a province. )
Sub-provincial cities and cities with separate plans are both sub-provincial, but cities with separate plans have higher gold content. When it comes to cities with separate plans, we must first understand what is separate plans. In the era of planned economy, the state will give various indicators to provincial units, and the provinces will go down to the county level one by one.
Cities with separate plans mean that they can enjoy the national plan indicators like the provincial level, which is no longer the indicators issued by the province. Simply put, cities with separate plans can enjoy the same economic and social management authority as provincial units. General prefecture-level cities do not have this authority.
Shenzhen is the city with the strongest economic strength in China, and its financial strength exceeds that of many central and western provinces.
For example, the taxes collected by prefecture-level cities need to be divided with the central and provincial finances. Cities with separate plans do not need to be divided into provinces, and they are all their own after being turned over to the central government. Therefore, the financial strength of cities with separate plans is generally relatively strong.
Sub-provincial capital cities and cities with separate plans, the former is more administrative and the latter is more economic.
You have made this question very clear! I add that Fujian Province is quite special. Xiamen is a city under separate state planning, but Fuzhou, the provincial capital, is not a sub-provincial city. Ha ha!
The previous prawns have been explained very well, and I have nothing to add. Take Hangzhou, Zhejiang and Ningbo as examples to talk about my superficial understanding.
Hangzhou is the capital city of Zhejiang Province, the political, administrative and economic center of the province, the seat of the provincial military region headquarters of the provincial party committee and government, a demonstration city of various undertakings in the province, and naturally a key construction city in Zhejiang Province. The secretary of the municipal party committee in Hangzhou is generally a member of the Standing Committee of Zhejiang Provincial Committee, and the head of government department is equivalent to the vice governor of Zhejiang Province. The top leaders of counties under their jurisdiction are all one level higher than other prefecture-level cities, which is similar to the difference between municipalities directly under the central government and provinces.
Ningbo, the second largest city in Zhejiang Province, is one of the first cities under separate state planning determined by the State Council, and entrusted to Zhejiang Province for escrow. The secretary of Ningbo Municipal Party Committee is also a member of the Standing Committee of Zhejiang Provincial Committee, and has been the deputy secretary of Zhejiang Provincial Committee for many years. Her administrative levels at all levels are the same as those in Hangzhou. The only difference is that she is financially independent and only responsible to the central government. The original intention of the state to set up cities with separate plans is probably to cultivate several cities with superior geographical location and strong economic foundation and promote the development of surrounding cities.
Hangzhou and Ningbo are both sub-provincial cities with the same administrative system, many provincial administrative privileges, strong economic strength, beautiful urban construction and extremely high quality of life of residents, which play a leading role in various undertakings in Zhejiang Province.
Sub-provincial cities 15.
Guangzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Shenyang, Xi, Jinan, Harbin and Changchun. The above 10 are all provincial capitals.
Shenzhen, Qingdao, Dalian, Xiamen, Ningbo. The above five cities are all cities with separate plans, and there are no other cities with separate plans.
The title of "deputy provincial level" added to the provincial capital cities proves that these deputy provincial capital cities have higher administrative level, higher urban positioning and higher status than ordinary provincial capital cities, which can be said to be all-round.
Cities under separate state planning are composed of several economically strong cities with the earliest economic opening in the coastal areas of China, and their local finance is directly linked to the central government. The leading bodies of cities under separate state planning and sub-provincial capital cities are at the same level, and the top leaders are nominated by the province and appointed by the central government.
The biggest difference between cities with separate plans and sub-provincial capital cities is that the former pays more attention to economic development. Judging from the preferential policy support at the beginning of the city's establishment, sub-provincial cities obviously have more advantages than cities with separate plans.
As for cities with separate plans and sub-provincial cities, who is more powerful at present cannot be generalized, because the development of cities is not only related to the nature of cities, but also related to geographical location, the adjustment of national strategy, the actions of city leaders and other factors!
On the surface, these two levels are deputy ministerial levels, but there are hidden mysteries. Sub-provincial cities 10, while there are only five cities under separate state planning. Sub-provincial cities are generally provincial capital cities, and cities with separate plans play a prominent strategic role in some aspects of their own provinces or countries, among which Xiamen, Fujian is because of its geographical location, which I don't say everyone understands.
Cities with separate plans have a stronger economic dominant position than sub-provincial cities and enjoy provincial economic authority. The revenue and expenditure of cities under separate state planning are directly linked to the central government, which is divided into two parts: central finance and local finance, and need not be turned over to provincial finance. Sub-provincial cities are different from cities with separate plans in terms of economic authority, and their revenues and expenditures are not directly linked to the central government. Their economic and financial leadership departments are more concentrated in the province, as are other related concepts.
The four teams of sub-provincial cities and cities with separate plans, namely, the top leaders of Party committees, people's congresses, governments and CPPCC, are cadres directly under the central government and directly appointed by the central government. Under normal circumstances, the top leaders of the Party committees and the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee in sub-provincial cities or cities with separate plans are standard. Of course, there are also many provincial capitals that are not sub-provincial cities, and there are also many party secretaries in the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee. This is generally called high allocation, and the city level still belongs to prefecture-level cities. Among them, Fuzhou is a high-level city, and its administrative level is still a prefecture-level city, which is not as high as Xiamen, a city with separate plans in the province. This kind of high match is not limited to provincial capitals, but also exists in general prefecture-level cities, such as Suzhou, Zunyi, Wenzhou and other cities. The secretary of the municipal party committee is the standing committee member of the provincial party committee or vice governor.
As for sub-provincial cities and cities with separate plans, which level is higher? Actually, the level is the same. The four major teams are deputy ministerial level, deputy bureau level, municipal district deputy bureau level and street level. As for the road to promotion, it mainly depends on experience, merit and level! In short, they are all public servants serving the people!
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