The first condition is that the region has high-quality human resources and scientific research and education resources, which can enable the company headquarters to create knowledge-intensive value activities at a lower cost. Improving the quality of the city's human resources and formulating preferential policies to attract more outstanding talents to start businesses and develop in the city are important conditions for the city to develop its headquarters economy. The second condition is that the region must have good location advantages and good transportation network facilities. The third condition is that the region must have convenient information acquisition and good information channels for communicating with other places. At the same time, it must be able to form a large difference from nearby surrounding areas in terms of basic resource conditions. The fourth condition is that the region must have a good and efficient legal system environment and a diverse cultural atmosphere. The fifth condition is that the region should gradually form a professional service support system surrounding headquarters services. The professional service support system compatible with the headquarters economy should cover many fields such as finance, insurance, exhibitions, commerce, shipping, logistics, tourism, law, education and training, intermediary consulting, public relations, electronic information networks, etc.
Six first-level indicators of headquarters economic development: basic conditions, business facilities, R&D capabilities, professional services, government services and openness. Not only central cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Hangzhou are attracting headquarters companies, but some second- and third-tier cities such as Zhengzhou, Sanya, and Taiyuan will also develop headquarters economies as part of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period to promote urban transformation and upgrading and accelerate economic growth. An important strategy for changing development methods. The main reason is that as a new economic form for developing regional economy, headquarters economy can not only promote the rapid, healthy and sustainable development of regional economy, but also contribute to regional tax revenue.
Central cities have always been favored by large companies due to their advantages in talent, information, and convenient living. Just like how college students choose to work after graduation, the big cities that are most attractive to China's top 500 companies are all famous cities with good comprehensive environment in our country.
According to statistics, the top ten headquarters locations chosen by the top 500 Chinese companies are Beijing, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Tianjin, Liaoning, Hebei and Henan. Beijing has always come out on top with its unique advantages as a capital city, while Tianjin has become one of the top seven destinations for attracting large companies due to its special status as a municipality and the rapid development of Binhai New Area. From the rankings, we found that not only the east, but also the central and western regions have provinces that are good at cultivating large enterprises. With the implementation of the country's western development strategy, the western region is increasingly attracting China's top 500 enterprises. In addition, Shanghai has 347 regional headquarters of multinational companies, ranking first in the mainland.
Therefore, the headquarters economy is an economic form that can enhance the interests of the "three parties" of the enterprise, the region where the headquarters is located, and the region where the production and processing base is located. One is knowledge.
The corporate headquarters concentrates the sections with the highest knowledge content in the corporate value chain, such as R&D, marketing, capital operations, strategic management, etc., which are highly intensive knowledge-based labor.
The second is intensiveness.
Enterprises lay out the industrial spatial structure in accordance with the principle of maximizing profits, maximize the advantages of developed service industries and intensive intellectual resources in central cities, and maximize the use of the advantages of land, labor, energy and other factors in production bases to form industries. matching, minimizing costs.
The third is hierarchy.
The headquarters economy model has different industries, functions, and scales in different cities and regions. It has multiple levels such as global headquarters, regional headquarters, domestic headquarters, administrative headquarters, marketing headquarters, and R&D headquarters. , thereby giving full play to the resource advantages of different regions and forming a reasonable division of labor and cooperation between different cities and different regions.
The fourth is ductility.
The headquarters economy forms an economic chain between the secondary industry and the tertiary industry. It can not only realize the extension of the secondary industry to the tertiary industry, but also realize the extension of the knowledge service industry to the general service industry.
The fifth is radiation and winning.
Under the model of headquarters economy, regional resources such as information, technology, and talents from the central city can be radiated to less developed regions through the headquarters-processing base chain, thereby enhancing the role of the central city in driving surrounding areas. ability. At the same time, the headquarters economy model changes the simple "either/or" competition between regions for enterprises and projects in the same industry, and enables regions with different resource advantages to cooperate through the redivision of labor in different sections of the functional chain to achieve * **Common development. The first condition is that the region has high-quality human resources and scientific research and education resources. For example, in the past four years, the Hong Kong SAR government's expenditure on education has increased by 46% compared with 1997. Good human capital is a crucial reason why Hong Kong has become the first choice for foreign companies' Asia-Pacific headquarters and regional offices. Developing a headquarters economy requires international talents and an open knowledge innovation atmosphere. Abundant human capital and educational resources can meet the specific needs of corporate headquarters’ knowledge-intensive value creation activities. The good location advantages and complete infrastructure conditions of cities such as New York, Hong Kong, Singapore, Beijing, and Shanghai are conducive to attracting a large number of managers and technical personnel required for group company headquarters to settle in. This is a favorable condition for the development of their headquarters economy.
The second condition is that the region must have good location advantages and good transportation network facilities.
For example, in cities such as New York, Hong Kong, and Singapore, the concentration of company headquarters in these cities largely benefits from the natural location conditions of these cities. The natural ports in these cities provide convenience for headquarters logistics. In addition, convenient transportation and a complete transportation network system are also important factors in determining the location of the headquarters. The convenient transportation network is conducive to various connections between the company's headquarters and other branches, subsidiaries, and processing bases within the company. This enables the company's main decision-makers to have good contact with relevant personnel, grasp the pulse of the company's operations, and make timely decisions. Find problems and solve them.
The third condition is that the region must have convenient information acquisition and good information channels for communicating with other places, and at the same time, it can form a large difference from nearby surrounding areas in terms of basic resource conditions. ?Convenient information and networks can greatly save the space cost caused by the separation of company headquarters and manufacturing and processing bases, thereby effectively attracting banks and group company headquarters to settle there. For example, three global cities, namely New York, Hong Kong and Singapore, have concentrated the headquarters of a large number of large multinational companies, which is inseparable from their convenient information acquisition and communication channels. At the same time, in terms of basic resources, such as land, general labor, etc., there should be a large gap between this region and its surrounding areas. This can increase enterprises' ability to profit from the comparative advantages of resource endowments between regions, thereby promoting the formation of a headquarters economy in this region.
The fourth condition to develop the headquarters economy is that in addition to urban construction and other hardware reaching high standards, more importantly, good quality in software such as urban management and cultural atmosphere is required. To develop the headquarters economy, we must have a system that adapts to modern urban management. Urban decision-makers must strive to create a first-class investment and development environment, optimize the city's comprehensive operating costs, and continuously improve government service efficiency. Laws and regulations must be in line with international rules, improve government efficiency, increase government transparency, and provide investment opportunities. Create a good legal environment for businesses. At the same time, the city's social service system, market order, customs clearance order, credit system, social security conditions, urban civilization, etc. must also reach a very high level. At the same time, developing the headquarters economy should make the city a melting pot of excellent cultures from all over the world. The urban character of tolerant multiculturalism and diverse dreams is the necessary condition for a city to develop a headquarters economy. A tolerant and diverse humanistic environment can reduce corporate space costs, and the same or similar language and cultural habits can help communicate information and emotions.
The fifth condition: In fact, in cities with a high degree of internationalization and strong attraction to company headquarters, the service industry accounts for more than 70% of their gross national product, such as Hong Kong. , its service industry proportion has reached 82%. A highly developed service industry, a consistent system that encourages competition, and a complete service industry development strategy are inevitable choices for improving urban economic efficiency and economic strength, and are also one of the important conditions for developing the headquarters economy. The formation of the headquarters economy in central cities is the result of the market mechanism. The development of the headquarters economy is in line with the resource endowment characteristics of central cities and is an inherent requirement for central cities to achieve sustainable development. Specifically, the headquarters economy can bring five effects to the central city:
The first is the "tax contribution effect". The tax contribution of the headquarters to the central city includes two aspects: on the one hand, the tax contribution of enterprises No matter what kind of organizational method the enterprise adopts, if the headquarters is an independent economic entity, it must pay a certain amount of taxes to the place where the headquarters is located; on the other hand, it is the personal tax contribution of the employees of the enterprise headquarters. Senior white-collar workers working in the headquarters have generous tax contributions. Personal income must contribute to the regional economy where the headquarters is located through personal income tax.
The second is the "industrial multiplier effect." The gathering of corporate headquarters in central cities will inevitably drive the development of related service industries, especially the knowledge-based service industry, forming a knowledge-based service industry chain that serves corporate headquarters, including the information service industry consisting of communications, networks, media, consulting, etc. The financial services industry consists of banks, securities, trusts, insurance, funds, leasing, etc., the intermediary service industry such as accounting, auditing, evaluation, and legal services, and the new type of education and training, conference and exhibition, international business, and modern logistics industries. Service industry and so on. Empirical research shows that when a multinational company's headquarters moves to a region, several or even a dozen knowledge-based service companies that have close business ties with it will move with it. At the same time, urban investment in commercial office buildings, real estate and other areas driven by the headquarters economy also contributes significantly to the growth of central cities. Through the "multiplier effect" of the headquarters economy, a region's economic aggregate can be expanded, and the level of the tertiary industry structure and regional economic competitiveness can be improved.
The third is the "consumption-driven effect." The headquarters' consumption drive in the region also includes two aspects: on the one hand, the various ancillary consumption brought about by the headquarters' business activities and R&D activities; on the other hand, the personal life consumption of senior white-collar workers at the headquarters, including housing, transportation, children, etc. Education, fitness, shopping, etc. This kind of consumption plays an important role in promoting regional economic development.
The fourth is the "labor and employment effect". The development of the headquarters economy will make full use of the intellectual talent resources in the region and create a large number of highly intelligent jobs. At the same time, through the industrial multiplier effect, it will promote the development of the tertiary industry, including knowledge-based services and general service industries, and provide more jobs.
The fifth is the "social capital effect".
The gathering of a large number of corporate headquarters in an area shows that the business environment and comprehensive environment of this area are relatively superior, which invisibly enhances the visibility, reputation and international status of this area, and promotes the appreciation of real estate in this area. At the same time, the headquarters economy accelerates the cultivation and gathering of knowledge-based talents, the integration and interaction of multiple cultures, and accelerates the pace of the city's internationalization.
Based on the above analysis, the headquarters economy is the driving force behind the industrial upgrading and quality improvement of my country’s central cities, and is also the government’s strategic choice to promote the industrial upgrading of central cities.
The significance of the headquarters economy theory to underdeveloped regions
The significance of the headquarters economy theory to the underdeveloped regions
According to the headquarters economy theory, if the underdeveloped regions can become the headquarters economy value The manufacturing base link of the chain will have an important and positive impact on the development of local economy and society. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First, the impact on industrial development.
The product manufacturing function of enterprises can directly bring about the rapid increase of the total industrial economy in underdeveloped areas. At the same time, the formation of manufacturing bases can also bring industrial agglomeration effects and industrial multiplier effects to underdeveloped areas. This will continue to expand the regional industry total. The settlement of a manufacturing base that represents advanced productivity can quickly activate various economic resources in the location and accelerate the pace of optimization and upgrading of the regional industrial structure.
The second is the impact on employment.
Generally speaking, the general labor force required in manufacturing bases must be localized, that is, make full use of local human resources, which will further expand the total employment in the region. The manufacturing base cultivates skilled production technical talents and enterprise management talents through learning and training, technology promotion, etc.; the spillover effect of the manufacturing base's production technology and the competition mechanism will also promote the improvement of the quality of the production base's talents and the influx of non-local talents into the region , prompting the employment structure in underdeveloped areas to become more advanced.
The third is the impact on taxation.
Most of the enterprises in the manufacturing base belong to the processing and manufacturing industry, especially the processing and manufacturing enterprises established by multinational companies or large enterprise groups, which have large investment scale, large flow of production materials, and large market transaction volume** * Nature, such enterprises create huge amounts of profits and taxes. In addition, once a manufacturing base is established, the natural weak liquidity of fixed assets determines the stability and long-term nature of such large tax sources.
Fourth is the promotion of consumption.
Manufacturing bases can affect the total regional consumption from four aspects: the total personal life consumption of enterprise employees, the total new consumption of the enterprise collectively, and the new social welfare caused by the formation or settlement of the manufacturing base. ***Total consumption, the increase in regional consumption brought about by the increase in related industries and employment in the manufacturing base.
If underdeveloped regions make full use of the opportunities of structural upgrading of central cities, undertake the transfer of their manufacturing bases, form industrial clusters with comparative advantages, and enhance processing and supporting capabilities, this will be an important path for the regional economy to move from underdevelopment to development and maturity. .