The post office was further improved during the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, the post office was on the avenue of delivering letters, every 34
There is a post station in the village, which is equipped with horses. In the process of delivering letters, you can change horses in the station, so that
Official documents and letters of the government can be passed on from station to station.
China's postal service system experienced the development of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty until
It gradually declined in the middle of Qing Dynasty and was replaced by modern postal service.
In ancient times, other countries also had this postal system of delivering letters by horse. 14th century, Central Asia
There has been a strong and short-lived Timur empire in the area, which was established by the descendants of Mongols and controlled.
It covers a vast area including India, Afghanistan, Iran and other places. Sticking to the book empire made strict
Ge's postal system stipulates that couriers must walk 500 miles every day, and also gives them a privilege.
When it is necessary to change horses on the road, whether it is royalty or ordinary people, as long as the courier puts forward to change horses.
Requirements, all want to use their own horses and couriers in exchange, if the cabinet is absolutely guilty of decapitation. For a period of time
Timur's army has expanded its territory and won many battles, which is inseparable from the sound postal system and well-informed information.
Postal service is the communication organization of the government, and only official documents can be transmitted, but private letters are not allowed.
Due to the development of production and the needs of life, people's requirements for communication are becoming more and more urgent.
Soldiers who work and are forced to go to war during the war years and people who flee from their hometowns need to
Correspondence between family and friends. Especially businessmen from all over the world, in order to exchange business information, discuss trade and send bills to each other.
There is an urgent need for communication. So the business of delivering letters by the people came into being. Around the Tang dynasty
At that time, there was a "post donkey" between Chang 'an and Luoyang, which specially served merchants. At that time, there was another kind called
The way to fly money is that businessmen from all over the world can deposit the money earned from selling goods in Chang' an into local government offices.
Chang 'an organization. These institutions issue receipts to businessmen for saving money, and businessmen return to their places with the receipts, and then
Take money from local governments with receipts, thus avoiding the risk of being robbed of money by robbers on the road. tomorrow
In the early years, a postal organization called "Ma Xiang Yue" appeared in southwest China. At that time, many mainlanders migrated.
Sichuan province, which is sparsely populated and fertile, has the largest number of people, especially Xiaogan, Hubei province. Although they have settled down,
In Sichuan, I still miss my relatives in my hometown, so I hold regular meetings every year and recommend representatives.
Going home to visit relatives, but also helping fellow villagers to bring letters and parcels, over time, has become a tradition. consequently
People simply set up a firm called "Ma Xiangyue", which is responsible for delivering parcels and letters for others.
Camp cargo transportation.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, a professional postal organization, the People's Information Bureau, appeared among the people. Out of the people's information bureau
Now it is the inevitable result of the increasing development of non-governmental trade and non-governmental exchanges. The People's Information Bureau first appeared in the famous port.
The city of Ningbo. There is a developed industry and commerce, which is an important town of land and water transportation, and many local people go out.
Be an official in business. At that time, people in Shaoxing, Ningbo, were all over the country, and there was no correspondence between them.
Frequently, but it is very inconvenient to entrust others. It takes a long time for a letter to reach the recipient.
In this context, the People's Information Bureau came into being. Because it meets the needs of the situation, the People's Information Bureau has developed very well.
Come on. Soon, many family letters were established all over the country, especially in big cities and some coastal ports.
Bureau. These people's information bureaus generally have a certain jurisdiction, and long-distance mail often needs several people.
Only by cooperating with each other can the mail be delivered to the destination. At that time, the Civil Information Bureau had a wide range of business, both
Can deliver letters, parcels, exchange money, and even check some big items. Minxin Bureau is at
During the reign of Tongzhi in Xianfeng, Qing Dynasty, it reached its peak, and there were thousands of people's information bureaus all over the country. In Guangdong,
In the coastal areas of Fujian, there is also a people's information bureau, the Overseas Chinese Approval Bureau, which specializes in serving overseas Chinese. at that time
Many poor people are forced by life to cross the ocean to make a living in a foreign country, although they are at sea.
Outside, but still homesick, I need to communicate with my relatives in my hometown, and I also need to send money back to my family.
Articles. In order to meet the needs of these people, the Civil Information Bureau has set up a special communication and remittance business for overseas Chinese.
The agency is called "Overseas Chinese Approval Bureau" just because the word "letter" is called "approval" in Fujian dialect.
Daqing Post, a modern post office, was formally established in 1896. It is made by when
Hurd, an Englishman who occupied the power of customs and taxation in China, founded it. His purpose is not to help.
The purpose of developing postal communication in China is to further plunder China's wealth. In the next few decades, from
From British Hurd to French-made Lebanon and Tieshan, the imperialist powers have always controlled China's postal service.
And squeezed inexhaustible wealth from it. But when they had to return this sovereignty to the China government.
At that time, they claimed that the China government owed them1840,000 taels of silver. At that time, imperialist countries invaded.
Another way of China's postal sovereignty is that they have set up organizations called "Guest Post" in China. These machines
Nominally, the organization provides postal services for expatriates from Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Russia and Japan in China, but
In fact, it is an intelligence network that they use to collect political, military, economic and cultural information. exist
Under the exclusion and suppression of imperialism, China's people's postal organizations have been gradually weakened, and finally 1935
Closed in 2008.
Only after liberation, the postal service has truly gained a new life. Under the leadership of the people's government, China
The coverage of postal services has been rapidly expanded. Today, whether in the city or in the countryside, we
You can see the figure of the messenger delivering letters and newspapers for us, even in the most remote mountainous areas, they are left behind.
The footprint of the postman was seen. On the other hand, China's postal equipment is also constantly updated, cars, trains,
Ships and planes have become postal means of transport, and many post offices have installed such automatic sorting machines and strips.
Modern equipment such as shape code recognition machine and newspaper retail machine, the ancient postal industry is full of vigor and vitality.
Slowly move forward.
Fire spreads military intelligence
The speed of information transmission by people is very limited. Even riding a horse is only 60 kilometers per hour at most.
Therefore, it is an inevitable trend to change the communication mode.
As early as more than 3,000 years ago, people in the Central Plains of China tried to prevent and resist ethnic minorities in the northwest border areas.
The world's earliest pyrotechnic alarm communication device-beacon tower was built. The beacon tower is
A stone fort of more than ten meters high built of stones, with firewood and wolf dung piled on it, and soldiers are always on it.
Observation and observation on duty. Once the enemy's situation is discovered, the firewood is lit at night to make the fire soar; Light it during the day.
Wolf dung, because its smoke rises vertically when it burns, can be seen far away, so it is also called bonfire.
For the wolf smoke (there is still an idiom "Wolf smoke everywhere" today). Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a famous poem: "Great!"
The lonely smoke is straight, and the long river sets the yen. "The beacon communication system is composed of many beacon towers connected in series one by one.
Composition, with a certain interval between each. Whenever there is an emergency, light the beacon, and the next beacon tower.
When you see the beacon signal in front, you will also light the beacon to inform the next one, so that you can follow it from front to back.
Pass, the alarm soon spread from the border to the mainland, the people of the Central Plains can also do a good job in resisting the enemy early.
get ready A bonfire can not only indicate an alarm, but also reflect certain information, such as setting off smoke.
The difference in the number of fires and the time interval of each fireworks can be roughly expressed as making enemies.
Number, orientation, etc. As long as the definition of each combination is specified in advance, the beacon can transmit a certain amount.
The alarm information.
There was an interesting story about a bonfire in the history books. Zhou Youwang, the last ruler of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was
A fatuous king, he ignored the state affairs but indulged in womanhood all day. He has a beloved princess named Bao si, who is a
A beautiful woman, but always a cold face in front of Zhou Youwang, not smiling.
Zhou Youwang tried his best to make the compliment smile, so he set a reward for the compliment.
This is the origin of the idiom "daughter laugh". Later, one of the ministers under you Wang had an idea.
Let the king give a banquet in the palace of Lishan Mountain with a compliment, and at the same time order people to light a bonfire. At that time, all roads were waiting.
Seeing the bonfire, they thought that foreigners had invaded Haojing (the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty), and they came here with people at night to increase.
Aid, only to find that you Wang Yu got it when I arrived in Haojing, so I had to lead troops back one by one. See armies of soldiers
Coming and going in a busy way, the praise plan really showed a smiling face, and you Wang was delighted and rewarded.
I met the minister. But it soon paid a heavy price for it. Before long, the dog Rong clan in the west
Indeed as expected to attack, Zhou Youwang and make people lit a bonfire alarm, but all the waiting due to the last teaching.
Xun thought that the king was teasing everyone again, but as a result, there was no help, and the Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed. From this ancient
It can be seen from the story that at that time, under the condition of underdeveloped material conditions, Fiberhome communication had developed into.
A fairly complete system, from the capital of the Zhou Dynasty to various waiting countries, also played an important role in application.
Played a very important role.
Later feudal dynasties attached great importance to the communication mode of bonfire. After Qin Shihuang unified China,
A huge project was carried out-the Great Wall of Wan Li was built. The Great Wall is not only to resist the invasion of nomadic people in the north
The barrier is also a beacon communication system. A beacon is built every 200 meters on the Great Wall.
Fire platform. We can imagine that when the bonfire was passed on the majestic ancient Great Wall, it continued and traversed.
The scene of thousands of miles must be spectacular! There is such a sentence in the Tang poetry: "Look at the bonfire in several places in the lonely mountain, brave man."
Even the camp is waiting for the drums. " After Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall in Wan Li, all dynasties and generations were stationed on the Great Wall.
A large number of troops, and many times to repair the Great Wall, the last large-scale reconstruction in the Ming Dynasty. today，
The Great Wall has lost its original function, but it still has symbolic significance. Beacon towers are like
Monuments show the developed ancient civilization of our country, and also show the diligence and wisdom of our ancient people.
Hui.
Beacon communication is transmitted at the speed of light between each station, so it should belong to the category of optical communication, optical.
The speed is 300,000 kilometers per second, which is obviously much faster than running a horse. Ancient calendars in other countries in the world
There are also records of using light to communicate in history. 1000 years ago, Algerians used huge
Bronze mirrors reflect sunlight to convey information. The ancient Greek historian Polebi once invented a way to use light to
Means of communication. He built many towers in ancient Greece, and every two adjacent towers were on the opposite high wall.
There are five holes, each hole can be bright or dark, and five holes can have two or five through different combinations of light and dark.
Power changes, that is, a * * * can have 32 changes. In Greek, a * * * has 24 letters, with each
This combination represents that a Yumu can completely pass these 24 letters out, so that one letter at a time.
The transmission of letters can be connected into complete sentences, and the information is passed down station by station.
This communication mode can be said to be the prototype of modern telegraph, which is said to be ancient Greek in principle.
There is no difference in optical communication, but the means used are different. One is to use light, and the other is to use electricity.
Flying "postman"
The traffic in ancient times was very underdeveloped, but it was better in plain areas. Communication in mountainous areas was one of them.
A more headache problem. People are very envious of birds flying freely in the sky, if
If birds can become human postmen, communication will naturally be much faster. Pigeons were the earliest domesticated by human beings.
A bird that is good at long-distance flight has a very good memory, even if it is taken thousands of miles away, it can do it.
Cross mountains, rivers, forests and oceans and fly back to your home. According to records, 1980 was a Portuguese.
A South African pigeon was brought to Lisbon, Portugal, but this homing pigeon set off from Lisbon for seven months.
The flight, flying over the Mediterranean Sea and the whole African continent, finally returned to its Pretoria in South Africa.
Asia's home, the journey is 9000 kilometers. According to scientists' research, the pigeon's brain does not distribute the magnetic field to the earth.
Often sensitive, it can find the route to fly home by distinguishing the magnetic field. Pigeons are very hard-working
Hardworking birds, despite camping all the way, the weather is unpredictable, sometimes the north wind whistling, sometimes
It's raining cats and dogs, but it can still go ahead and never stop until it reaches its goal. Sometimes because the natural conditions are too bad.
Bad, the pigeon who sent the letter didn't make it all the way, but it still tried its best to fly to the finish line. Be the master
Pigeons often die of overwork when people get letters.
The earliest carrier pigeon communication in historical records was in 43 BC, when Roman general Antony led troops around.
Attack the city of Muting. At that time, the Roman army surrounded the city of Muting on the third floor and the third floor, and was trapped in the city.
The defenders couldn't send someone to get in touch with the reinforcements outside the city. At this time, the garrison commander Bai Lute thought of it
Pigeons He tied the emergency letter to the pigeon's leg, let the pigeon fly through the enemy's encirclement from the air and spread the news.
Send it to reinforcements. The reinforcements got the exact information, and finally fought back with the defenders in the city.
Tony's army.
There are also examples of using pigeon communication in modern military history. Alpi during the First World War
At the foot of the mountain, the French and German armies launched a fierce battle. Several regiments of French troops were besieged by several times the Germans in Alpi.
In the birch forest west of mount Everest. In order to let friendly forces get information to rescue them, the French army released more than a dozen letters.
The pigeon went to tell the news. The Germans discovered this situation and immediately shot at these homing pigeons. Most homing pigeons are
It was shot down, but there were still two homing pigeons who braved the bullets and made it to their destination. These regiments
The French army was thus rescued. After the war, in memory of these brave homing pigeons, the French
Built a pigeon monument for them. To this day, the French still love pigeons and keep them.
Very common. Many wild pigeons can fly freely in the square street and stay with people.
Live in peace. Many tourists also bought pigeons' favorite food and scattered it in the square for pigeons to eat. Old law
China is also known as the "pigeon kingdom".
Raising homing pigeons in China also has a long history. The use of homing pigeons for communication is also recorded in history books.
Load. In A.D. 1 128, Zhang Jun, the general of the Southern Song Dynasty, once inspected the camp at the lower bend and went to the military camp.
There was no soldier in the air. He was very angry, so he told Qu Duan to inspect his army. Qu Duan immediately.
Hand in the roster of the five armies under command. Zhang Jun pointed to the roster and said that I want to inspect the First Army, Quduan.
Unhurriedly opened the cage and released a homing pigeon. In a moment, the first army soldiers were armed to the teeth and rushed quickly.
Here. Zhang Jun was shocked and said, "I want to see all your troops." Four homing pigeons were released from the curved end,
The other four armies were also called to arrive.
Not only pigeons, but also geese can deliver letters, and now the postman who delivers letters is often called "Hong"
Wild goose ". In the Han Dynasty, there was a very interesting story about Hongyan passing a book. In a.d. 100, minister su of the Han dynasty
Wu sent an envoy to Xiongnu, and Xiongnu Khan appreciated Su Wu's talent and wanted to force Su Wu to surrender to Xiongnu, so he was defeated by Su Wuyan.
Refuse. So Khan detained Su Wu and then exiled him to the uninhabited North Sea (now Bega)
He went to shepherd the sheep and told him that when the ram gave birth to a lamb, he would be released to Han. Su Wu
Grazing in Beihai area for 19 years, despite the hardships, has never given in to Khan. Later, Emperor Han Zhaodi
The envoys of the Han Dynasty who were close to and sent to Xiongnu asked about Su Wu's affairs, and Khan lied that Su Wu was dead.
However, the emissary privately learned that Su Wu was still herding sheep in Beihai, so he reported the situation when he went back.
Sue Emperor Han Zhaodi. At that time, Huo Guang came up with a plan and sent an emissary and said to Khan, "Great!"
Han Tianzi likes hunting. Once he shot down a wild goose with a letter tied to his leg, which was written by Su Wu.
The letter says that Su Wu is still alive, and now he is herding sheep in Beihai. "After listening to khan, see can't deny, so we have to.
Put it back in Su Wu. Although this is just a trick of Huo Guang, it is conceivable that someone must have
In the use of geese to pass books, otherwise the story would be unfounded, and Huo Guang would not have thought of such a scheme.
Khan will not be credulous. It is said that there are nearly 100 trained post offices in Texas, USA.
The practiced wild duck is acting as a "postman" to deliver letters.
Kite book transmission
Kite is a great invention of our ancestors. It can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It is said that there is
Lu Ban, a famous carpenter, once imitated the shape of a bird, "cut bamboo into magpies, and fly away after three days." Mozi
Also made a "wooden kite". These are the predecessors of kites. After Cai Lun invented papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was only after that.
With the "paper kite", commonly known as kite. It is called a kite because people often tie a bamboo flute to a paper kite.
When flying, the bamboo flute will sound like a Zheng as soon as the wind blows it.
Kites are not only entertainment tools, but also played a great role in the military. Chu-Han Gaixia War at the End of Qin Dynasty
At that time, Hanwang Liu Bang besieged Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, in Gaixia City. Xiang Yu's army was surrounded by the Han army on all sides.
The grass was cut off, and people were exhausted. Several breakthroughs were unsuccessful. In order to break the morale of the Chu army, Hanwang ordered people to stay up all night.
Fly kites in the sky around the city at night. A bamboo flute was placed on the kite, and when the night wind blew, the flute sounded bleak.
The soldiers sang Chu songs to the flute again. The Chu army in the city thought that Chu had been captured by the Han army, and there was no more.
In love with war, they went out of the city and surrendered to the Han army. Although Xiang Yu rushed out of the encirclement with hundreds of people, he was conscious of it.
Yan said goodbye to his elders in Jiangdong and finally committed suicide on the banks of Wujiang River.
History books also record examples of real communication using kites. "New Tang Book" wrote such a
Story: In 782 AD, Tian Yue, our envoy of the Tang Dynasty, launched a rebellion and surrounded Linluo with troops.
Ma Sui went to the rescue, but Tian Yue's army was tightly blocked and could not get in touch with the defenders in the city. this
When the garrison generals came up with a clever way, people tied the letters for contact to kites and asked for help.
The direction in which the troops are stationed is released. The rebels saw the kite and understood the intention of the defenders, so they shot arrows at it.
But the kite flew too high, beyond the reach of the rebels. After the garrison contacted the reinforcements, it was close to the inside, and soon.
Beat back the rebels and solved the siege of Linluo.
Audio communication
In the process of human understanding of the objective world, 70% of the information is through the visual organ-eyes.
Of the information obtained, 20% is obtained through the auditory organ-the ear, and the rest of the information is obtained by
Touch, smell, taste and other organs. Therefore, in the development of communication forms, voice is used for communication.
Letters also have great potential. In modern communication, the telephone uses the auditory organs. Ancient zaiyin
There have also been many attempts in ring communication. For example, in China's ancient wars, it was often necessary to use the two armies to exchange troops.
Voice to convey commands, such as beating drums to March, ringing gold to retreat, etc. This is because of the melee between the enemy and ourselves during the war.
Together, people are staggered, and it is very difficult to pass orders by people, but when the war drum rings, it can be heard.
Yes. In the modern army, we can still see the use of sound to transmit signals. Such as attack
The trumpeter blows a loud bugle at night, lights out at night, wakes up in the morning, etc.
In ancient times, due to the lack of writing and inconvenient transportation, audio communication was more widely used.
All over. Some indigenous tribes in Africa have long drums and ivory horns in almost every family, and many things, big and small, rely on blows.
Drum to contact. Each tribe has a rather complicated set of "drum language", with different drums and different drums.
It means different things. There are even people in the tribe who are responsible for drumming. When they pass on information,
Must be accurate and skilled, or you will make a joke. On one occasion, the west of the Onico tribe on the Congo River
There is a couple of young people in Sama village who are going to have a wedding. The drummer who is in charge of delivering letters is a novice, but because he is not skilled.
When the wrong news came, everyone thought that someone was holding a funeral, so they came here with sacrifices.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9th century, the British colonialists invaded the Sultanate, and the Sudanese rose up to resist.
Shimu defeated the British. The good news immediately spread all over the country through drums. Ethiopia, the near neighbor of Sudan
Ethiopia has also issued a national emergency mobilization order by means of drums, calling on people all over the country to do it.
Get ready for battle to meet the invading Italian army.
Stamps are the product of modern postal services. The history of postal service is much longer than stamps. As early as more than 2000 years ago, there was a postal organization in the Zhou Dynasty in China, which was then called postal service or post office, and was collectively called postal post office. Confucius once said: "The popularity of virtue is faster than the delivery of life by post." This postal system lasted for more than 2000 years, and it was not cancelled until 19 12.
In ancient China, postal posts only delivered government official documents and military newspapers, and there was no need to issue stamps. However, in order to distinguish the authenticity and ensure the accuracy and safety of the transmission, the system of card symbols has been stipulated in all dynasties, and the documents transmitted are proved to be true by card symbols. Zhou used bamboo symbols, Han used bronze symbols, Tang used silver symbols, and Song used wooden signs, painted and written, including gold, blue and scarlet letters. The gold plate, which travels 400 miles a day, is only used to deliver letters and military secret documents. J 135 Commemorative Stamps of the Second Congress of the All-China Philatelic Federation. The stamp pattern is the Tiger Festival in the Warring States Period. There is an inscription on the tiger's body, which means to pass on the king's life and provide horses and chariots and food. This kind of tiger festival, like the tiger symbol, is divided into two parts, half of which is sent to the messenger who delivers military documents, and the other half is sent to the post station or checkpoint to check whether it meets or not and to judge whether it is true or not.
There was also a list system in Qing Dynasty. The official document or military newspaper delivered by the station is attached with a "list" or "fire ticket", and all stations along the way must fill in the arrival date and time to check whether there is any delay. 1904 (30th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty)1February 28th, the envelope of the official document sent from Yuanzhou, Hunan Province to Chenzhou, adhered to the list, and filled in the date and time of arrival at each post station.
1906 (the thirty-second year of Guangxu)1the "general fire ticket" from Jilin to Zhili (now Hebei Province) on October 4.
The ancient post office was run by the government, but it didn't accept letters from ordinary people. It is very difficult for ordinary people to send letters only by acquaintances. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424), the people's letter bureau began to appear to deliver letters to the people. People's Information Bureau is a private commercial organization with large capital, and branches, joint offices or agency shops are set up in various places to form a certain communication network; Those with small capital will establish contact with other people's information bureaus and receive letters from each other. In addition to delivering letters, the People's Information Bureau also handles parcel and remittance services. People's Information Bureau has no uniform charging standard and no uniform stamps. The charging methods for receiving and sending letters by the People's Information Bureau are not exactly the same. Some are received in advance, and some are paid by the recipient when the letter is received. Receiving and sending fees, some are called wine money or strength, and some are called gold. Receipt of letters received and sent by the People's Information Bureau.
The situation in Europe is similar to that in China. Herodotus, a Greek historian more than 2,000 years ago, once praised Yi Fu, saying, "No matter rain, snow, wind and frost, no matter whether it is hot or cold, or night, messengers can't stop them from completing their postal work quickly." At that time, postal service was the privilege of the king, which sent letters and messages to the Wangs and courtiers. After the commercial development, the postal service gradually developed to be used by businessmen. In the Middle Ages, some churches, schools and businesses in Europe began to deliver letters to the general public. At that time, the People's Information Bureau did not charge postage in advance when sending letters, but only after the letters were delivered.
/kloc-In the middle of the 0/7th century, the French Civil Information Bureau was very developed. 1653, in Paris, there was a man named de Villaye (MONSIEUR DE
VELAYER (later count) set up a "small post office" to receive and send letters within the scope of Paris city. He sold a piece of paper to the user with the words "postage paid" printed on it. The sender put this piece of paper on the envelope and put it in the mailbox. The "small post office" regularly opens the mailbox and delivers the letter to the recipient. The "postage paid" piece of paper created by De Villayet can be said to be the prototype of the current stamp. It's a pity that the "small post office" he founded was closed soon. His method of issuing "stamps" and receiving postage in advance has not persisted. In 18 14, the kingdom of Sardinia (in present-day Italy) re-adopted the method of de Villayet and issued a "postmarked paper" (STAMPED
PAPER), as a proof of prepaid postage, is sold in post offices all over the country. The sender can post the letter by sticking it on the envelope. Postage is calculated according to the delivery distance. At that time, "postmark paper" had three denominations, namely 15, 25 and 50. The 50-point "postmark paper" is octagonal, with the pattern of a messenger riding on a horse, blowing a horn and delivering letters by Mercedes-Benz, printed in blue on smooth white paper with a watermark inside. This kind of "postmark paper" has a large circulation, but it has been implemented for a short time, leaving little behind. Because the messenger in the design looks like a knight, stamp collectors call it a "knight" ticket and regard it as a treasure.
/kloc-At the end of the 0/8th century, many countries in Europe successively implemented state-run postal services, and their business developed, but they still collected postage from the recipients according to the method of private letter bureaus. Postage is still calculated by distance. However, at that time, some countries themselves were not unified, and the currency systems of each state were different, so it was very difficult to convert each other. State-run postal service, as a financial source, is expensive and the people can't afford it. According to legend, in 1835, there was a young and beautiful girl on the island of Great Britain, who was well-known and had many suitors. The suitors wrote to her in succession to express their affection. The girl receives dozens of letters every day, and the postage paid is too high to bear. So she refused the letter and did not pay the postage. At that time, there were a lot of things like rejecting emails like this. The post office delivered letters without receiving postage and suffered a lot.
There is also a legend that one day in 1838, a British man named Roland Hill (SIR ROWLAND
HILL (later jazz) people are walking in the countryside of London. He saw a messenger deliver a letter to a girl. The girl looked at the envelope and returned the letter to the messenger. She said apologetically, "Sorry, I have no money and can't afford the postage. Please return the letter!" The messenger refused, and the two men argued. Roland Hill came forward to persuade, paid the postage and gave the letter to the girl. After the messenger left, the girl said to Roland Hill, "This letter is from my brother. We made an appointment in advance, and he was safe, so we drew a circle on the envelope. When I saw this sign, I knew that he was safe, so I didn't have to receive the letter and I didn't pay the postage. " After listening to the girl's words, Roland Hill was deeply touched and determined to study ways to improve the postal delivery fee.