Personally, I firmly disagree with this so-called efficient administrative division system. The reason can be justified if I think about it. I don't know whether it is reasonable or too conservative. After all, I still can't be far-sighted. Personally, I think that no matter what reform, or Comrade Xiaoping's words, a yellow cat and a black cat catch a mouse is a good cat, especially in the government reform. At present, the key to the reform of the administrative system is to improve administrative efficiency, be realistic and pragmatic, truly work for the people, seek benefits for the people, and achieve "benefit for the people and power for the people", which can play a powerful leading role and actively promote the national economic development. So, can these 50 administrative divisions really achieve the original intention of improving the territory of China and improving administrative efficiency? Can giving counties and cities greater autonomy really promote the development of regional economy? These can only be tested by practice. Let's talk about personal objections.
First, this division method has disrupted the scope of the regional cultural circle that has been basically formed for thousands of years, breaking the sense of regional and hometown identity that has been basically formed for hundreds of years. Take Henan Province as an example. If someone originally belonged to Shangqiu, Henan Province, which is one of the cradles of Chinese culture, and has always belonged to the Central Plains cultural circle in history, he likes to listen to Henan Opera and speak the dialect of Central Plains Mandarin. When he goes out, people ask where he is from. Even if he is from a county in Shangqiu, someone will say that I am from Shangqiu and I am from Henan. But now, it has to be placed under Huaihai Province (online data, only for reference), and it has become a coastal area, and of course it is still the marginal inland of this future province. Moreover, it has to report to Xuzhou from now on, and there has been no breath of middle-earth land since then. Accordingly, the original Henan province was divided into three provinces, and only Zhengzhou was left in the Central Plains cultural circle. Others, such as Qilu cultural circle, Bashu cultural circle, Jingchu cultural circle, Jiangsu and Zhejiang cultural circle, Lingnan cultural circle, Yunnan-Guizhou cultural circle, and various ethnic minority cultural circles, have all been cut to varying degrees. I don't know what we can leave behind after hundreds of years, how many regional cultural traditions and folk customs.
Secondly, it is called "better troops and simpler administration", which is actually the expansion and trespass of different interest groups for the pursuit of the same interests and the pursuit of interest balance. Some experts have said that if the 50-division is implemented, there are two concerns. First, some places seek to promote counties to cities, and county-level cities become prefecture-level cities, with the aim of pursuing the improvement of levels and the expansion of power. The administrative divisions have changed from small to large, but the administrative institutions have not been streamlined, and the administrative functions have not been transformed into positive aspects. This objectively leads to an increase of 1/3 more officials who eat official salaries, duplication of government agencies, and increased management costs. Second, the market economy requires all kinds of resources to be completely optimized by the market, but the more detailed the administrative divisions are, the easier it is to form local barriers, the more separatist regimes are, and the coordination is difficult. Take Beijing and Tianjin for example, they are not as well coordinated as Washington and new york in the United States. Beijing airport is busy, why didn't you transfer the freight to Tianjin airport? Therefore, the division of 50 provinces will probably aggravate the formation of local barriers. Now Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in Hunan want to build an economic circle. If it is divided into three provinces, can it be done? Therefore, this expert believes that the reform of administrative divisions should be cautious and take the road of market and legislation. This reform is urgent, and blindness will only bring lessons rather than accumulate experience.
Third, 50 provincial administrative divisions have touched the substantive issues of a harmonious socialist society and deviated from the principle of "five overall plans". According to the draft circulated on the Internet at present, it can be seen that such 50 administrative regions are completely idealized according to the guiding principle of "combining the strong with the weak". In coastal provinces, the combination of cities with strong strength in economically developed areas near the sea is against the combination of cities with relatively weak inland strength, taking Shandong Province with relatively good overall economic conditions as an example. Weifang, Yantai, Weihai and Qingdao form the so-called Jiaodong Province, forming a considerable peninsula metropolitan area. This is a good way to get rid of the poor brothers in the inland, which really shows that they are rich in money, and they will have enough confidence to speak in the future. Unlike when they were originally affiliated with Shandong Province, foreigners asked where you were from, and you said that you were from Qingdao. If others repeatedly said "Oh, Shandong people", you should emphasize that you belong to the sea. Then Dezhou, Jinan, Binzhou, Liaocheng, Heze and other cities in the west formed the new Shandong. I don't know how many generations of simple Shandong talents will have to struggle to realize the "big and strong, rich and beautiful" advocated now! Of course, we can see that a large part of Shandong's gross national product in recent years has been contributed by the coastal areas, but Shandong's basic investment in coastal areas is far higher than that of its inland cities, and even a large part of inland contributions have been provided to the coastal nobles. If the new administrative system is implemented, decades of hard investment will be wiped out overnight, leaving a poor foundation that has not been paid attention to in time. The division of 50 can only lead to the richer the rich, the poorer the poor, and the social ideal of * * * being rich will truly become the dream of the previous generation.
Fourth, the investment in the reform of 50 provincial administrative divisions will hit a record high, which makes Chinese people dare not imagine. It has been reported that Qincheng District of a city in northwest China was renamed as Qinzhou District, and Beidao District was renamed as Maiji District. The names of the two districts were changed by three words, and the direct cost reached nearly 3 million yuan. The local government believes that it has "seized the favorable opportunity for the replacement of the second-generation ID card and the new map". Renaming a city will cost so much if the whole administrative division changes, not to mention the reform of our 50 provincial administrative divisions. Whether the name is changed or the administrative division is reformed, the house numbers, official seals, envelopes, manuscript papers and work permits of all party and government organs, enterprises and institutions should be replaced; The industrial and commercial business licenses, tax registration certificates, bank accounts, health permits, identity cards and household registration books of enterprises in the area should all be changed, and the names of relevant air stations and stations in national transportation and communication should be changed accordingly, and maps published all over the country involving the name of the place should also be revised and reprinted. Just read the news that China will complete the replacement of the second-generation ID card in 2008, so should our 50 administrative divisions catch a lift like a city in the west?
Below I will come to know with you the foundation of the administrative system pyramid based on personal contact information. What are the township governments doing? I once read a report that in recent years, we have carried out the reform of streamlining government staff, merging towns and villages, improving work efficiency, solving the disadvantages of overstaffing, being responsible to the people, serving them wholeheartedly, and ensuring their status as masters of the country. But in fact, it backfired, making the people complain. With the merger of towns and villages, a number of workers are bound to be laid off and re-choose their jobs. However, people who are used to this kind of jobs are reluctant to leave the title of people's public servants. Therefore, in order to continue to "serve the people", they use the power they have not lost for the time being to abolish the staff in other industries, mainly involving the education industry, resulting in a serious shortage of teachers in a large number of township primary and secondary schools, and have to stop classes or even dissolve schools. This is our public servant, our township leaders. Some scholars believe that the current administrative division system in China has four levels, namely, province → city → prefecture → county → township (a few remote mountainous areas in the west also have county agencies-district offices between counties and towns, while some towns in the eastern and central regions have administrative districts or offices between towns and villages, forming five levels of management), and the management ranks second, ranking first in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to abolish the organizational system of the second link and form a three-level management system, with provinces → counties → towns and villages, and counties directly responsible to the provinces. Why can't we abolish the lowest township level and keep the city level? That is, the administrative leadership system of province → city → prefecture → county will be retained. Looking up the ancient and modern materials, we find that this system is much more scientific than the system of province → county → township. First of all, the quality of township leading cadres needs to be improved urgently. A large part of them don't have much ruling ability, retain a serious feudal paternalistic style, and even become local emperors by claiming that "the mountain is high and the emperor is far away", which can't implement the people-oriented ruling concept. Secondly, the leadership system of province → county → township is prone to fault disconnection and unnecessary administrative links. It has been fully proved in history that a county is small and easy to lead directly, and there is no need to set up a township level. In addition, at present, the rural grass-roots democracy construction we are promoting has achieved initial results, and the villagers' self-government ability has been continuously improved, so it is entirely possible to implement the direct leadership of the county-level government over the village self-government institutions. From province to county, a province is generally 150-300 counties, which has a wide administrative area and is difficult to lead. The establishment of prefecture-level management institutions just buffers this distance. It is based on this consideration that the state-level government was established in history, so the current administrative system reform is not to abolish prefecture-level management institutions, but to abolish township governments. Third, the financial self-sufficiency of villages and towns is relatively weak, and the establishment of this level of government has increased the burden on various industries. There is only one row of bungalows in a township office in the hinterland of a mountainous area, where the township government and its subordinate functional departments, township hospitals, township primary and secondary schools all work and use. There is no secondary industry except agriculture in the whole town, because it is backed by mountains, so there is a resort funded by farmers for the use of the township government, which can be regarded as the tertiary industry. It is such economic conditions that have supported more than 30 town government workers, not counting the staffing of other public security law, taxation, industry and commerce departments. Some scholars think that there is no need to worry about the bloated staff of government agencies at all levels after the administrative divisions are changed to 50. He thinks that if 50 provincial administrative divisions are really realized, then 16 provincial institutions will be added, but 106 prefecture-level cities as intermediate institutions will be reduced. However, he didn't expect that the truly bloated cities are scattered all over the country. He also thinks that "this way, the leadership is relatively concentrated, the central control ability will be enhanced, and there will be no local barriers that everyone is worried about".
There are countless other cases in which administrative, economic, cultural and other economic and social development affairs can not be effectively solved because of the change of administrative regional planning, so personally, the so-called new provincial administrative division is not as perfect as expected, on the contrary, we have spied out a little impetuous vanity and a little hot-headed. What reform needs is rationality and pragmatism. Chairman Mao told us to seek truth from facts, and General Secretary Hu Jintao warned us to be pragmatic. Now we are not arguing whether the current provincial administrative divisions are 34 or 50, and maybe there will be no need in the future. Comrade Xiaoping said that development is the last word. Now we can solve everything in China only by the degree of our development, but it is untenable to do a good job in economic and social development. What we want now is practical results. We should improve the efficiency of the government, put people first, solve the problems that people urgently need to solve, improve people's living standards and build a well-off society in an all-round way. We should promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the socialist market economy, adhere to and actively implement Scientific Outlook on Development, and build a harmonious socialist society. There are really too many things to do.
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The reform of 50 administrative divisions in China was introduced (online draft)
Dai Junliang, director of the Division of Geographical Names of China's Ministry of Civil Affairs, revealed that China's administrative division reform will be officially launched this year, and the reform plan will be completed in the next two years. After the reform, there are about 50 provincial administrative regions in China, and at least four cities will be upgraded to municipalities directly under the central government.
The current administrative division system in China generally has four levels, namely, province-city-prefecture-county-township. In a few areas, the fifth level of management-district office is also derived between county and township. There are so many complicated administrative levels, ranking first in the world. This kind of zoning is time-consuming and time-consuming, lacking transparency, which is not conducive to communication and affects efficiency. Therefore, it is imperative to simplify it. In fact, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei and other provinces have begun pilot reforms, allowing counties to directly accept provincial leadership, thus gradually abolishing prefecture-level management. It is said that the results are good.
In the history of China, administrative divisions were divided into two or three layers. The central government generally wants to control as few levels as possible, so that the central government's decrees can go directly to the grassroots. In the Qin dynasty, there were only two levels: county and county. However, in the Qing Dynasty, the territory expanded, and the two-level management could not work, and the management level rose to three levels, namely, provinces, prefectures and counties.
After 1949, China implemented the "virtual four-level system" of province-region-county-township, in which the region is virtual and is the agency of the provincial government, not the first-level government. Therefore, there are governors and county heads, but there is no "district head". People's congresses can be established in provinces and counties, but not in regions.
According to Director Dai Junliang's summary, the administrative division reform that will be initiated this year will be carried out along the principle of "shrinking provinces and merging counties, provinces and counties directly under the central government, innovating the city system and township autonomy".
One of the important measures will be "merging towns and villages". The pilot of this reform has also started in 1999. At present, according to the statistics of China's Ministry of Civil Affairs, 25 provinces across the country have completed the pilot, that is, merging 1 ***7 196 townships. Next, China will also adjust the cities, municipal districts and counties that are too small. Except for a few cities, municipal districts and counties in border areas, this reform should be promoted in other areas.
Another focus of the reform of administrative divisions is "innovating the city system", including the main content of gradually dividing small provinces by adding municipalities directly under the central government; Decoupling cities and counties, reforming the system of city governing counties, and reducing administrative levels.
Dai Junliang believes that it is reasonable to set up about 50 provincial administrative regions in consideration of China's land area and population. Judging from the current national conditions of China, it is unrealistic to carry out large-scale provincial division again. It will affect the stability of the country and society, and it will also bring excessive administrative costs.
If the goal of China's provincial-level administrative districts is about 50, then 16 will be added on the existing basis. It is generally believed that the minimum plan should also add four municipalities directly under the central government, that is, in Northeast China, Central China, South China and Northwest China.
According to the information disclosed by China Caijing. com, a newly-added municipality must meet the following conditions: First, it must be the first central city in a large region and keep a certain distance from the existing municipality. Second, the population should not be less than 2 million. Third, the total economic output should be higher than the national average of big cities, and the finance should be at least self-sufficient.
1, Beijing Capital: The current jurisdiction remains unchanged.
2. Bohai Province: It consists of Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Chengde and Langfang in Hebei Province, with Tianjin as the capital.
3. Liaodong Province: It consists of Dalian, Dandong, Yingkou, Kuandian, Huanren and Xiuyan in Liaoning Province, with Dalian as the capital.
4. Liaoning Province: It consists of the remaining areas in Liaoning, Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia and Zhelimu League, with Shenyang as the capital.
5. Jilin Province: It consists of Xing 'an League in Inner Mongolia, now Jilin, with Changchun as the capital.
6. Heilongjiang Province: It consists of the Hulunbeier League in Inner Mongolia, with Harbin as the capital.
7. Yanyun Province: It consists of Datong City, Shuozhou City, Xinzhou City, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and Laiyuan, with Datong as the capital.
8. Pingyuan Province: It consists of Handan City, Shentai City, Hebei Province, Anyang City, Hebi City, Puyang City, Xinxiang City, Jiaozuo City, Jiyuan City, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province and Jincheng City, with Anyang as the capital.
9。 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: It is composed of areas outside the above-mentioned areas in Inner Mongolia, with Hohhot as the capital.
10。 Shanxi Province: It is composed of areas other than the above-mentioned areas in Shanxi, with Taiyuan as the capital.
1 1。 Hebei Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Hebei except the above-mentioned areas, with Shijiazhuang as the capital.
12, Jiaodong Province: It is composed of Qingdao, Weifang, Yantai and Weihai in Shandong Province, with Qingdao as the capital.
13, Huaihai Province: It is composed of Xuzhou City, Lianyungang City, Binhai City, Xiangshui City, Guannan City, Suqian City, Huaibei City, Bengbu City, Suzhou City, Bozhou City, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, Rizhao City, Linyi City, Jining City and Heze City, Shandong Province, with Xuzhou as the capital.
14, Shandong Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Shandong except the above areas, with Jinan as the capital.
15, Shanghai: including Shanghai, Kunshan and Taicang in Jiangsu, Jiaxing, Ningbo and Zhoushan in Zhejiang.
16, Zhejiang Province: It consists of Hangzhou, Tonglu, Jiande, Chun 'an, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Huangshan, Xuancheng, Anhui, and Wuyuan, Jiangxi, with Hangzhou as the capital.
17, South Zhejiang Province (Dongou Province or Yandang Province)-It is composed of Wenzhou City, Taizhou City, Lishui City, Jinhua City and Quzhou City in Zhejiang Province, with Wenzhou as the capital.
18, Jiangsu Province: It consists of Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Nantong, Taizhou, Huai 'an and Yancheng. Jiangyin (Jingjiang), the provincial capital.
19, Yangtze River Province: It consists of Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, Maanshan, Chuzhou, Wuhu, Chaohu, Tongling, Chizhou, Anqing, Hefei, Bengbu and Huainan in Anhui Province, with Nanjing as the capital.
20. Huaihe Province: It is composed of Lu 'an City, Fuyang City, Zhoukou City, Zhumadian City and Xinyang District of Henan Province, with Huangchuan as the capital.
2 1, Henan Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Henan Province except the above areas, with Zhengzhou as the capital.
22. Xiang (Yang) Jing (Zhou) Province (or Xichuan Province): It consists of Xiangfan City, Shiyan City, Jingmen City, Jingzhou City and Zhicheng City in Hubei Province, with Jingmen as the capital.
23. Three Gorges Province: It is composed of Chongqing, Yichang and Enshi in Hubei Province, with Chongqing as the capital.
24. Hubei Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Hubei Province except the above areas, with Wuhan as the capital.
25. Central Guizhou Province: It consists of Hunan Xiangxi Prefecture, Huaihua City, Guizhou Tongren Prefecture and Qiandongnan Prefecture, with Huaihua as the capital.
26. Lingnan Province: It is composed of Hengyang City, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, Shaoguan City, Lian County, Lianshan, Yangshan City, Ganzhou City and Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province, with Jinggangshan as the capital.
27. Lingxi Province: It consists of Liuzhou City, Guilin City, Hechi District, and Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, with Guilin as the capital.
27. Hunan Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Hunan Province except the above-mentioned areas, with Changsha as the capital.
28. Jiangxi Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Jiangxi Province except the above areas, with Nanchang as the capital.
29. Xiamen-Shantou Province: It consists of Quanzhou City, Xiamen City, Zhangzhou City, Longyan City, Shantou City, Chaozhou City and Meizhou City in Guangdong Province, with Xiamen as the capital.
30. Fujian Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Fujian Province except the above areas, with Fuzhou as the capital.
3 1, Hong Kong Capital: It consists of Hong Kong, Macau and now Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province.
32. Guangnan Province: From Maoming City, Zhanjiang City, Fangcheng City, Qinzhou City, Beihai City and Yulin City in Guangdong Province.
City, Guigang City, Wuzhou City and Hezhou City, with Yulin as the provincial capital.
33. Guangdong Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Guangdong Province except the above-mentioned areas, with Guangzhou as the capital.
34. Guangxi Autonomous Region: It consists of Xingyi Prefecture in Guizhou and Wenshan Prefecture in Yunnan, with Nanning as its capital.
35. Hainan Province: Hainan Province remains unchanged, with Haikou as the capital.
36. Qinba Province: It consists of Nanchong City, Bazhong City, Dazhou City, Guang 'an City, Guangyuan City, Hanzhong City and Ankang City in Shaanxi Province, with Bazhong as the capital.
37. Jinsha River Province: It consists of Panzhihua City, Liangshan Prefecture, Jiulong County, Daocheng County, Xiangcheng County, Dongchuan District, Zhaotong District, Lijiang District, Diqing Prefecture, Yongren and Yuanmou in Yunnan Province, with Panzhihua as the capital.
Nanzhao Province (Dali Province): It consists of Dali Prefecture, Baoshan City, Lincang Prefecture, Dehong Prefecture and Nujiang Prefecture in Yunnan Province, with Baoshan as the capital.
39. Guizhou Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Guizhou Province except the above-mentioned areas, with Guiyang as the capital.
40. Sichuan Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Sichuan Province except the above-mentioned areas, with Chengdu as the capital.
4 1, Yunnan Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Yunnan Province except the above areas, with Kunming as the capital.
42. Shaanxi Province: It consists of Qingyang City and Pingliang City, Gansu Province, with Xi 'an as the capital.
43. Gansu Province: It consists of the remaining areas of Gansu Province except the above-mentioned areas and Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia, with Lanzhou as the capital.
44. Qinghai Province: No change.
45. Ningxia Autonomous Region: unchanged.
46. Xizang Autonomous Region: No change.
47. Northern Xinjiang Autonomous Region: It consists of Urumqi, Hami, Turpan, Changji, Yili, Karamay and Shihezi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with Urumqi as its capital.
48. Southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region: It consists of Bayin Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture, Hotan Prefecture, Queshi Prefecture and Kezi Prefecture in Xinjiang, with Queshi as its capital.
49. Taiwan Province Province: No change.