How to make accounting entries in industrial enterprises? How to set up accounting subjects?

Accounting subjects and accounting subjects related to industrial enterprises are as follows:

1. When purchasing raw materials

1.1 Purchase raw materials (under the actual cost method commonly used by small and medium-sized enterprises)

1. Payment has been made but the goods have not arrived.

Borrowing: materials in transit

Taxes payable-Value-added tax payable (input tax) need to be reminded that this month's input tax cannot be deducted until next month

Lending: cash deposited in the bank

Borrowing: raw materials (here, it is necessary to supplement, and transportation fees and sorting fees before warehousing can be directly charged to materials in transit or raw materials) < You can also add an entry:

Borrow: raw materials

Loan: other payables, bank deposits, cash, etc.

② Cash on delivery (commonly used in real business)

Borrow: raw materials (including transportation and miscellaneous fees)

Taxes payable-value-added tax payable (input tax)

Loan: bank deposits (most enterprises transfer money through the opening bank) < Borrow from

: purchase of materials (including transportation fees, sorting fees, etc., and this is the actual cost price)

Taxes payable-VAT payable

Loan: cash accounts payable in bank deposits (and commercial acceptance bills "bills payable", generally no one dares to accept them. )

If the goods arrive and are accepted and put into storage:

Borrow: raw materials (planned cost is recorded)

Loan: material purchase (actual cost)

(Loan or debit: material purchase cost difference

)

Note: at the end of the month, the enterprise will also allocate the material cost difference of raw materials collected by various departments

The formula of material cost difference rate is as follows: < Planned cost)

The accounting entries are as follows: (Assuming that there is a saving gap, the material cost difference needs to be allocated to all departments)

Borrowing: material cost difference

Lending: production cost

sales expense

management expense

1.3 Entrusting to process materials (if you are incapable, you need external support, Then a new accounting subject is needed)

Borrow: materials entrusted for processing-a certain material

Loan: raw materials

cash in the bank

If processing is finished by external force:

Borrow: goods in stock-a certain product

Loan: materials entrusted for processing-processing fee

Taxes payable-VAT payable <

2.1 Accounting of raw materials in workshop production

① Collecting materials from warehouse

Borrowing: production cost-basic production cost -1 product

production cost -1 workshop (auxiliary production such as water supply and power supply mold manufacturing)

manufacturing cost (water and electricity lighting in depreciation workshop for employees' compensation machines)

Lending: raw materials-xx. (Because there are many allocation methods, I won't introduce them here. After the allocation, the accounting entries remain the same as above. )

note: in some enterprises, materials used for production are also collected by the management department, which should be regarded as sales and cannot be deducted from the value-added tax in the future.

(2) turnover materials (including low-value consumables, Handling of packaging materials, etc.

When purchasing reusable materials

Borrowing: reusable materials-low-value consumables-in-stock

Loan: bank deposit

Borrowing: reusable materials-low-value consumables-in-use

Loan: reusable materials-low-value consumables-in-stock

③ Employees. Depreciation of fixed assets of various departments at the end of the month

Borrow: manufacturing expenses (depreciation of fixed assets in the workshop)

Management expenses (depreciation of fixed assets outside the workshop)

Loan: Accumulated depreciation. It needs to be reminded that the depreciation of fixed assets purchased this month can only be withdrawn next month

⑤ Welfare expenses, medical insurance for employees, transportation and food subsidies

Borrow: Payable to employees-Payable to welfare expenses < )

Loan: Cash on hand

At the end of the period, employees' welfare expenses will be transferred to management expenses.

Borrow: management expenses

Loan: payable staff salaries-payable welfare expenses

⑥ Carry-over manufacturing expenses and finished products

Borrow: manufacturing expenses

Borrow: inventory goods

Loan: production costs

2.2 Entrusted processing materials (some customers don't need goods, but No production:

Borrow: labor cost

Loan: bank deposit

Payable staff salary (if labor is provided, manual fee, etc.)

Raw materials (if the company's materials are consumed)

Manufacturing expenses (which consume the company's water and electricity, etc.)

Turnover materials

If it is completed, it can be confirmed.

Debit: accounts receivable from bank deposits

Loan: main business income-processing fees

payable taxes-payable value-added tax (output tax)

Cost paid when processing is carried forward

Debit: main part-time cost

Loan: labor cost

2.3 Transfer of construction in progress to fixed assets (purchase, self-construction, Transformation)

Purchase of fixed assets:

Borrow: Fixed assets

Taxes payable-VAT on fixed assets should be deducted

Loan: Bank deposit

If transportation fees and sorting fees occur on the way, Then these expenses can be deducted from 7% of the value-added tax

Borrow: fixed assets (value after deducting the value-added tax)

Taxes payable-Taxes payable for fixed assets (7% of the freight, etc.)

Loan: bank deposit

If special engineering materials are purchased to make fixed assets

Borrow: engineering materials

Taxes payable- Used for construction in progress

Borrowing: construction in progress

Taxes payable-fixed assets value-added tax should be deducted

Lending: raw materials

Taxes payable-VAT payable (input tax transferred out)

If the company uses its own taxable consumer goods for construction in progress, it should be regarded as sales. At least the taxable amount is the sales price

Debit: construction in progress

Loan: inventory goods (cost price)

Taxes payable-17% of the taxable value of VAT (output tax)

Third, accounting by other management departments

3.1 * * with consumption, Expenses to be amortized at the end of the period

① Pay the magazine and newspaper fees, house rent, water and electricity within one year in advance, Insurance premiums, etc.

Borrow: prepaid expenses

Loan: bank deposits

Amortize these prepaid expenses at the end of the month

Borrow: management expenses

Loan: prepaid expenses

3.2 expenses raised by enterprises

① Investment received

Borrow: fixed assets

bank deposits

Intangible. This is somewhat different from the fixed assets

Loan: paid-in capital

② Loan to the bank

Loan: bank deposit

Loan: short-term loan (within one year or an accounting period)

Long-term loan

③ Interest on short-term bank loan is accrued at the end of the month

Loan: financial expenses

Loan: interest payable

. )

loan: long-term loan-interest payable

loan: construction in progress

loan: long-term loan-interest payable (one-time repayment of principal and interest)

3.3 expenses of purchasing department

① advance travel expenses of salesmen

debit: other receivables

loan: cash on hand

reimbursement of travel expenses when business travelers return (.

debit: taxes payable-value-added tax payable (input tax) last month's value-added tax

loan: bank deposit

when selling goods.

debit: bank deposit

loan: tax payable-value-added tax payable (output tax) this month's value-added tax

then it is necessary to calculate at the end of the month how much value-added tax should be paid this month.

therefore, unpaid value-added tax = output tax-input tax (generally speaking, the output tax is always larger than the input tax, otherwise what does the tax bureau do for food? )

Make accounting entries and keep them for your own reading: Borrow: payable taxes-payable value-added tax (output tax)

Loan: payable taxes-payable value-added tax (input tax)

payable taxes-unpaid value-added tax. This is the tax that should be paid, and it is proposed in advance

The formal one is:

Borrow: payable taxes-payable value-added tax (input tax). There are:

debit: payable taxes-unpaid value-added tax

credit: bank deposits pay monthly taxes this month

the excess value-added tax becomes:

debit: payable taxes-payable value-added tax (paid taxes) pay this month's taxes

credit: bank deposits

bear the entry, if you are in.

At the end of the month, if there is a value-added tax, the accounting entries for paying value-added tax are as follows:

Other entries remain unchanged, but the remaining part has to be washed away.

debit: payable tax-unpaid value-added tax

credit: payable tax-payable value-added tax (paid tax)

if the value-added tax retained in the bank deposit is not enough to pay tax

if the value-added tax retained last month plus the value-added tax paid in advance this month is greater than the value-added tax payable, there are accounting entries:

debit: payable tax-unpaid value-added tax

credit: payable. Earning income

Debit: bank deposits, bills receivable, accounts receivable

Loan: main business income

Taxes payable-VAT payable

② Selling products, Prepaid transportation and miscellaneous expenses with bank deposits (assuming the collection formalities have been completed with the bank)

Borrow: accounts receivable-a certain enterprise

Loan: main business income

Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax)

Bank deposits-transportation and miscellaneous expenses

Transportation and miscellaneous expenses, advertising fees, exhibition fees, etc. during the sales period

Borrow: sales expenses

. )

Taxes payable-urban construction tax

Taxes payable-surcharge for education

IV. Exceptions

① Sale of raw materials

Borrowing: Bank account receivable (sale of raw materials for production)

Lending: other business income

Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax)

Cost of materials carried forward. Penalty income

debit: bank deposit

loan: non-operating income

debit: non-operating expenditure

credit: bank deposit

inventory surplus

debit: raw materials (or inventory goods)

loan: loss and overflow of pending property

are reported to the superior, and after approval.

Borrowing: loss and overflow of pending property

Lending: management expenses

When the inventory surplus of fixed assets is found (generally, the inventory surplus is omitted before, and there is no good thing that the pie falls that day. )

Borrow: fixed assets

Loan: accumulated depreciation

Adjustment of profit and loss in previous years

After the report is approved, the profit and loss will be adjusted again: 25% of the asset price will be supplemented with income tax.

Borrow: profit and loss adjustment in previous years

Loan: tax payable-income tax payable

After paying income tax:

Borrow: tax payable-income tax payable

Loan: bank deposit

Carry forward the previous year's profit and loss adjustment (that is, carry forward the credit balance of the previous year's profit and loss adjustment. ):

Borrowing: adjustment of profit and loss in previous years

Lending: profit distribution-undistributed profit

inventory loss of fixed assets

accumulated depreciation

impairment loss of assets

loss and overflow of pending property

Lending: fixed assets

after approval by superiors

Borrowing: non-operating expenses of other receivables- (The new standard is calculated at 25%)

Debit: income tax expense

Loan: tax payable-income tax payable

① Carry-forward of profit and loss