I report to you in three parts:
I. Review of China's UPR industry in the past ten years and the development status of UPR in 2009
Second, low-carbon economy and emerging markets of FRP
Three, China's wind power market and megawatt FRP blades
I. Review of China's UPR industry in the past ten years and the development status of UPR in 2009
In 2009, China's UPR industry experienced an extraordinary year. According to the preliminary statistics of China UPR Industry Association, the total output reached1530,000 tons, an increase of 5.5% over the previous year. Among them, the epoxy vinyl ester resin reached 33,000 tons, an increase of 1 1%. The total amount of four private enterprises in China, such as yabang, Tianhe, Futian and Huaxun, reached 440,000 tons, up by 1 1% over the previous year, while the total amount of foreign-funded enterprises DSM, Ashland, Changxing, Shangwei, Huari and Showa reached120,000 tons, up by 9% over the previous year. Jiangsu reached 630,000 tons, an increase of 5% over the previous year. The main flow directions of domestic UPR in its terminal composite industry are three markets: UPR-based FRP market, accounting for 55% of the total resin consumption, UPR-based artificial stones, handicrafts, buttons and other markets, accounting for 35% of the total resin consumption; UPR-based functional coatings account for 10% of the total resin consumption. Table 2 From the analysis of application areas, the FRP market is concentrated in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hebei, Tianjin and Henan. The markets of artificial stones, handicrafts and buttons are concentrated in Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, Shandong, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Sichuan. The functional coatings market is concentrated in Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Hebei. Under the influence of the global financial crisis in the second half of 2008, the slow sales of resin once appeared, and it soon resumed growth after October. The national investment of 4 trillion yuan and the plan for the adjustment and revitalization of ten major industries are of great significance for resisting the impact of the financial crisis, optimizing the industrial structure and achieving sustained growth and development. Ten industries, such as steel, automobile, ship, petrochemical, textile, light industry, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, electronic information and logistics, are closely related to the FRP industry. These ten industries are attached to the opportunity of large-scale economic construction of urban industrialization and urban-rural integration in China. This opportunity is also aimed at the low-carbon economy of traditional energy conservation and emission reduction and new energy development. Glass fiber reinforced plastic composites have won opportunities and growth points for themselves with their own innovation. From the international market, the global financial crisis in 2008 put the European and American economies in trouble. The high crude oil fell to 50 dollars a barrel, and there was a staged market surplus of chemical raw materials, and the price went down. From the domestic point of view, the phased, structural and regional uncontrolled development of glass fiber has exceeded the annual output of more than 2 million tons, and about half of it is exported overseas. When the financial crisis hit, the export was blocked, and a large number of glass fibers "fell" to the country, depressing each other's prices. The sharp drop in the prices of chemical raw materials and fibers has given the FRP composite industry an unprecedented opportunity for many years, providing conditions for its low-cost expansion, which has also driven the growth of resins.
In 2009, UPR industry showed five major trends and hot spots: the popularization and improvement of the ever-growing FRP composite industry went hand in hand, on the one hand, it promoted the expansion of low-cost and general-purpose resins, on the other hand, the development of emerging FRP market promoted the growth of high-performance and personalized resins. Reflected in the all-round spread of o-benzene winding resin, vacuum resin, SMC/BMC resin, pultrusion resin, polyester and p-benzene modified resin. In addition, the market demand for high-performance FRP composite products, such as fan blades, electrical switches, pressure pipes, power components, desulfurization, interior and exterior decorative structural parts of high-speed trains, luxury yachts, work boats, sports boats, etc., has led to the rapid growth of m-benzene, epoxy vinyl ester vacuum-pumping resin, SMC/BMC resin, etc., showing the "two-hot" of the resin market. State-owned enterprises, such as Tianma, Tianjin Hecai, ferron and Huachang, domestic large-scale private enterprises, such as yabang and Tianhe, domestic scientific and technological personnel combination enterprises, and foreign-funded enterprises, such as DSM, Huari, Changxing, Ashland, Showa and Shangwei, all lead the way in the domestic UPR stage.
The second trend and hot spot is the rapid development of casting resin. A few years ago, in the face of weak overseas markets, casting resin handicrafts turned sharply in the domestic building decoration market and entered buildings, halls and high-end shopping malls in large quantities, achieving very obvious results. The technological upgrading of cast artificial stone has changed from a large cabinet panel to a mechanized artificial marble and artificial quartz stone panel, which are widely used in wall decoration and floor materials. Stone enterprises in Fujian, Guangdong, Shandong and other places have begun to shift from mining to manufacturing with synthetic stones. The output of resin for artificial stone in China in 2009 exceeded the previous two years. Traditional casting products such as polyester buttons, putty resin and mine riveting resin continue to maintain a good growth momentum.
The third flow direction and hot spots are Jiangsu, Shanghai and Tianjin, which have become very active areas in domestic UPR development in recent years, and lead the trend of domestic UPR and its composite materials market with technological innovation and new product development, and promote the popularization and improvement of domestic UPR composite materials market. In 2009, the output of UPR in this region accounted for more than half of the national total, and 95% of the output of epoxy vinyl ester resin was concentrated in Shanghai and Jiangsu. This area is also a dense production area of UPR enterprises at home and abroad. Foreign-funded enterprises such as Huari, DSM, Ashland, Changxing and Showa Shangwei, which entered earlier, have transmitted overseas mature industrial markets to China, occupying the advantage of domestic high-end market. There are also a number of enterprises such as Tianma, Huachang, yabang, ferron, Huake, China Resources, Tianma Ruisheng, Fuling and Xinghe. What I want to mention here is the "yabang" phenomenon in the domestic UPR industry. In 2009, yabang Company produced170,000 tons of resin. Yabang, with the simple emotion of an industrial chain, "I have you" and "you have me", is close to the market and customers, and vigorously develops low-cost general-purpose resins, high-performance crystal resins and stone resins, making contributions to the industry; The output has ranked first in the country for five consecutive years. Over the years, yabang's sales companies all over the country have developed from single resin sales to "one-stop" service for FRP enterprises with raw materials; Sales companies all over yabang are also branches sent by yabang. While doing a good job in materials and services, they actively conduct market research. They can quickly reflect the trends of FRP industry all over the country within 12 hours. Yabang has become bigger and stronger through continuous interaction with enterprises under the market.
The fourth direction and hot spot is the high performance requirement of megawatt FRP blades, which accelerates the technical climb of UPR and epoxy vinyl ester resin. The domestic megawatt wind power market entered a high-speed development period from 2007, with an average annual installed capacity of more than 6 million kilowatts, and the total installed capacity reached 20 million kilowatts in 2009. According to the calculation of 1.5 MW, the total number of blades in the whole year is 15990, and the resin consumption is more than 50,000 tons. In addition, the resin consumption of blades exported by foreign-funded wind power enterprises can reach more than 70,000 tons, of which 50% are UPR and epoxy vinyl ester resin. The patented technology of megawatt FRP blades in China is imported from Germany and the Netherlands, which has high performance standards for fibers and resins and has been demonstrated by the German Classification Society GL. Two "thresholds" put forward extremely strict requirements for domestic resin and fiber enterprises. Ashland, Shangwei and DSM, foreign-funded enterprises, have the conditions to "get used to it" and preempt the domestic wind power megawatt blade market. The megawatt blade is a very complicated system engineering from blade shape design, structural design, paving design, die technology to blade manufacturing. The running period of the blade is 20 years, which is a "test" for resin enterprises. Resin enterprises are "trying" the megawatt blade market mainly by their independent technical strength. The fifth trend and hot spot is the development and improvement of domestic FRP composite equipment manufacturing. The design and manufacture of SMC, winding, pultrusion, artificial stone, molding and other equipment and their molds in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and Shandong provinces not only meet domestic demand, but also export in large quantities. The improvement of equipment technology has boosted the performance and quality of UPR and the demand for medium and high-grade resins. In 20 10, the development space of domestic UPR industry is still very large. Foreign-funded enterprises believe that China is the fastest growing country in the world and the largest composite market in the world, and they are full of confidence in the development of China. DSM, Huari, Ashland, etc. are in the process of expanding capacity and increasing production. In addition, RECORD will also be put into production in Tianjin. The national resin production giants yabang, Tianhe, Futian and Huaxun are all expanding.
Another phenomenon that cannot be ignored in the development trend of UPR in China is that the new development layout of FRP composite material industry will appear in the central and western regions and southwest regions. According to the understanding of relevant parties, around Xi 'an, Luoyang, central and southern Shanxi, around the implementation of "zero tariff" in trade between ASEAN and China and the construction of Southwest China, around the supporting bases of chemical raw materials in Gansu and Xinjiang, the construction of Northwest China and the export of West Asia, the demand for FRP composite materials is increasing day by day, and large-scale enterprises of UPR and fiberglass will soon appear in these areas. By the end of 2009, there will be more than 160 UPR enterprises in China, and 2/3 of them will be transformed from township enterprises to private enterprises and private enterprises. Some of these enterprises actively introduced technical talents and advanced equipment, which improved themselves and gradually established their brands. However, the vast majority of enterprises, lacking technology, are struggling, and some even mix them with "mashing". These enterprises are faced with two ways out, one is to develop downstream products, and the other is to upgrade enterprises through technological progress. These two roads can't work, only let the market eliminate you. It can be predicted that the UPR industry will face continuous integration and reorganization in the three stages of three, five and eight years, and the growth mode of resin will change from output growth to brand and quality upgrading.
Second, low-carbon economy and emerging markets of FRP
The term "low-carbon economy" first appeared in the British energy white paper "Our energy future; Create a low-carbon economy. As a pioneer of the first industrial revolution and not rich in resources, Britain is fully aware of the threat of energy security and climate change. According to relevant reports, the annual carbon dioxide emissions in the world are close to 30 billion tons. The massive emission of carbon dioxide has caused global warming and seawater intrusion. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warned that the sea level will rise by 18-59 cm every year due to climate warming. At this rate, by 2 100, some low-lying island countries and 32 deltas at the forefront of global climate change will be totally or partially submerged by seawater. Advanced developed countries have regarded carbon dioxide as an air pollutant, and accordingly increased carbon emission tax.
Low-carbon economy, the world has experienced three development periods in the past ten years. 19971February, the third meeting of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Kyoto, Japan, adopted the Kyoto Protocol to limit the greenhouse gas emissions of developed countries to curb global warming. According to the protocol, by 20 10, the emissions of six greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in all developed countries will be reduced by 5.2% compared with 1990. The Protocol has no mandatory emission requirements for developing countries such as China, and has been ratified by more than 70 countries.
The second meeting was held in 20071February 15. The 13th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was held in Bali, Indonesia, and the Bali Road Map was adopted. The main contents include: significantly reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, and setting specific greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for all developed countries (including the United States) should be considered in future negotiations; Developing countries should strive to control the growth of greenhouse gas emissions, but do not set specific targets; In response to global warming, developed countries have the obligation to provide assistance to developing countries in terms of technology development and transfer and financial support. The Bali Road Map brought the United States into the negotiation process for the first time, requiring all developed countries to fulfill their measurable, reportable and verifiable greenhouse gas emission responsibilities. In addition, the Bali Road Map also emphasizes the importance of technology development, transfer and funding to adapt to climate change. In terms of targets, the Bali Road Map proposes that developed countries should reduce emissions by at least 25% to 40% on the basis of 1990 by 2020. The third meeting was held on1February 7-18, 2009. The global 190 delegates from more than 90 countries and regions reached10.5 million, and the United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Goben Hagen, Denmark. There are great differences on the issue of emission reduction in this meeting, mainly on the proportion of emission reduction and the amount of funding. The United States, China, Brazil and other countries are already big emitters of greenhouse gases in the world. The expressions of China and the United States at the meeting made the participating countries see hope. Before the meeting, China officially announced the action target of controlling greenhouse gas emissions on the 27th of last year1month, and decided to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% by 2020 compared with 2005; Earlier, the White House announced that it would promise to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 17% on the basis of 2005 by 2020 at the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference. At the Copenhagen conference, more than 20 developed countries privately drafted an emission reduction target to be passed, but as a result, it was opposed by developing countries; The United States can't legislate on specific emission reduction because of the "difficulty in turning around". This meeting has different opinions on specific emission reduction targets, but in the end, it has formed an understanding that it is necessary to speed up the adoption of environmental protection technologies and accelerate global carbon reduction.
Today, let's talk about low-carbon economy, which is an economic model based on low energy consumption, low pollution and low emission. Its essence is the problem of energy utilization efficiency and clean energy use, and its core is the fundamental change of energy technology innovation, system innovation and human survival and development concept. The mainstream understanding of low-carbon economy refers to an economy that reduces greenhouse emissions as much as possible. It is mainly reflected in: industry, efficient production and energy utilization; In terms of energy structure, renewable energy production will occupy a considerable proportion; In terms of transportation, vehicles with high fuel efficiency and low carbon emissions are used, public transportation replaces private transportation, and bicycles and walking are used more; In terms of architecture, office buildings and family houses adopt efficient and energy-saving materials and energy-saving construction methods. In the final analysis, gradually reduce the carbon emissions per unit of GDP. "Low-carbon economy" is not only a new idea, but the growth point of the next round of new economy. As far as the prospect of China's economic development is concerned, the former "Made in China" is facing the pressure of emission reduction. The way to reduce carbon will be to form a "low-carbon standard" through the implementation of low-carbon technology with the help of the "low-carbon technology" of technological upgrading and technological innovation in production technology, so as to achieve low-carbon high growth and low-carbon cost reduction. Promoting low-carbon technology is closely related to FRP industry. In the 1960s, the FRP industry entered the market with the simple concept of "replacing steel and wood". The specific strength of FRP is high, which largely replaces steel and metal materials. Starting from saving resources, replace wood in large quantities. With the market operation of FRP industry for decades, many excellent properties have been derived, especially in plasticity, designability and versatility. Its plasticity endows all kinds of characteristic molding processes; Its designability simplifies the traditional manufacturing process, reduces the cost and realizes the optimal combination of materials and properties; Its versatility is manifested in excellent electrical properties, chemical properties, aging resistance, fatigue resistance, water resistance, combustion resistance and so on. It can be seen that the low-carbon technology promoted by the industry in the future can not achieve a low-carbon economy without FRP; At the same time, it also provides a new development space for the FRP industry.
From the industries we are familiar with at present, vehicles, shipbuilding, water treatment, chemical corrosion protection, building energy conservation, etc. will all face the constraints of global low-carbon economy, and FRP composites have become an important choice for realizing industrial low-carbon economy in the future. Low-carbon vehicles include cars, buses, engineering vehicles, commercial vehicles, high-speed trains, boats, airplanes and space vehicles. Qingdao Romeiao New Material Products Co., Ltd. is a domestic manufacturer specializing in supporting light-weight FRP interior and exterior structural parts for high-speed train bodies. Over the years since its establishment, the company has actively adopted international advanced product standards and optimized raw materials to meet the requirements and standards of car body weight reduction, and the first batch of accessories have been successfully applied to the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway. At present, the company's car body parts have received a large number of orders from Qingtie, Tangshan and Changtie, which are in short supply. Starting from the concept of low-carbon economy and through the implementation of low-carbon technology, Romeiao has reached the low-carbon standard stipulated by accessories and become the best supporting enterprise in domestic rail transit to achieve high speed and low emission. It was also awarded the title of "Top Supplier" by the internationally renowned company Siemens Certification. For another example, Daewoo Bus Company in Guilin, Guangxi, together with its supporting enterprises surrounded by FRP, changed the phenomenon of "buying and selling FRP products by the weight" in the past, and launched a design program with the goal of reducing weight and low carbon. In the field of transportation, Chinese boats have great development prospects. It has been put on the agenda for large steel ships to realize low-carbon emission and reduce their own weight. After several years, they will not be able to enter the high seas if they fail to meet the requirements of international convention on emission reduction 15%. In China's FRP yacht market, light sandwich structure design will gradually replace the biased structure of veneer design through carbon emission design specifications. Yachts will become lighter, run faster and consume less energy. Water treatment technology and water resources development will be important markets for the emerging FRP industry in the future. Hebei Zhongyi Composite Materials Co., Ltd. and Beijing Institute of Technology have jointly developed the winding research and mobile winding equipment for super-large FRP pipes to prevent seawater corrosion. Some enterprises are also concerned about the development and application of FRP high-pressure pipes in seawater desalination technology.
Compared with developed countries, our FRP industry is obviously lagging behind in the aspect of "low-carbon economy". With the concept of low-carbon economy deeply rooted in people's hearts, domestic industries will need to re-interpret, re-recognize and accelerate the necessity. Domestic traditional export products are still wandering in the "high-carbon economy" and are likely to encounter a new round of "green barriers" of "carbon tariffs". The concepts and measures of "low-carbon economy", "low-carbon technology" and "low-carbon standard" should be integrated into all industries in which FRP materials participate, so as to truly make our FRP materials become light materials, functional materials and structures with the best cost performance and strength-to-weight ratio, and to truly synchronize low carbon with "FRP economy".
Three, China's wind power market and megawatt FRP blades
Developing clean energy and wind power generation is a major event to realize low-carbon economy in the world, and China's total installed capacity of wind energy has ranked fourth in the world. To develop megawatt wind power, China lacked complete sets of technologies at that time, and the state decisively organized enterprises to introduce mature technologies from Europe, which made the wind power industry in China grow extremely rapidly. What is the wind power market in China? What are the prospects? Here we analyze some figures:
The above data show that China is very rich in wind energy resources, and the total installed capacity of grid-connected wind power that has been utilized accounts for only 6‰ of the total resources, accounting for 1.8% of the total installed capacity of national electricity, which is far from the developed countries of wind energy utilization in Europe, such as Denmark and Germany. In addition, from the current wind power grid connection in China, nearly one-fifth of wind energy equipment is not connected to the grid (2000- 16 13=387). In addition, it has been learned from relevant parties that in recent years, China's wind power industry has been worrying, with more than 80 MW-class complete machine enterprises and more than 70 MW-class blade manufacturing enterprises. Compared with advanced developed countries and the domestic status quo, it is obviously a bit "fishy" and "riding a tiger". Soon, the national development and reform commission document pointed out that wind power generation is also facing overcapacity. Immediately afterwards, the country cancelled the stipulation that the localization rate of wind power equipment was 70%. The overcapacity of wind power and the cancellation of 70% localization regulations are the timely injections of sobering agents into China's wind power industry. At present, on the one hand, it is a low-level redundant construction, on the other hand, it is a medium-sized high-efficiency advanced equipment. The introduction of national policies has made the free choice of the market more transparent and clear, which has practical and far-reaching significance for promoting the healthy development of China's wind power industry.
MW-class FRP blades account for about 20% of the total cost of wind power equipment. The design, material selection and technology of blades are the main factors that determine the performance and power of wind power devices, as well as the unit cost of wind power generation. Looking at the development trend of global blade technology, taking into account the two factors of fan efficiency and cost reduction, the production of blades is developing towards large-scale development. The greater the power of a single machine, the lower the power generation cost per KW. Therefore, wind power equipment all over the world is developing in the direction of megawatt high power and long blades. The typical Danish LM company is the largest wind power generation group in the world, with 28 years of practical production experience. Its annual output of blades is more than 1 10,000, and it has set up factories in Tianjin, China and Qinhuang Island. LM Company is also the only company in the world with In-House testing capability, which can carry out Full-Scale testing for its blades, and all newly designed blades can be put into production after 20 years of running test. These test items include static, dynamic and lightning strike tests, and the laser scanner in the test equipment provides accurate geometric data for the blades. At present, the longest blade produced by LM Company is 6 1.5m, which is the longest blade in the world, with a weight of 17.7 tons. It is made of epoxy-based glass fiber reinforced composite material, and carbon fiber is used at the blade end, which has been installed on the 5MW offshore fan of REpower Company in Finland. LM company's blade manufacturing technology includes laying glass fiber with multifunctional manipulator to improve the laying progress by 25%; Innovating the supporting force of bolts can increase the length of blades by 20%; RIM method was used to shorten the resin penetration time15-20%; Replacing steel mould with FRP mould can realize low cost. According to relevant information, the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation allocated 60 million Danish kroner for LM Company to carry out innovative new blade technology research, and the research project was named "King of Blades". The blade is made of mixed yarn of FRP, C fiber and thermoplastic material. After this kind of yarn is laid in the mold, the plastic yarn will be melted by heating the mold, which will shorten the production time of the blade by half. In terms of blade design, LM Company also introduced a new concept of blade with elastic deflection, called pre-bending blade for short, about 10 years ago. The blade is bent outward at the tip of the blade, so that the blade can keep a certain distance from the tower when it is rotating, even when it is in strong wind, and avoid the blade from hitting the tower. Pre-bent blades have large allowable bending amount and equivalent stiffness, thus reducing material consumption and weight, and gaining more wind energy. According to relevant sources, compared with the standard blade, the pre-bent blade can be started at a wind speed of 2.6m/ s.. It is understood that in the cooperation project between LM Company and GE Company, a case study was carried out to determine the increase of power consumption by developing extended blades, and the 37.5m long blades on the original 1.5MW fan were replaced by 40.3m long blades. As a result, the power generation was increased by 7%, and the reason was that the sweeping area of the outer circle was increased by 14.8% compared with the sweeping area of the inner circle. It can be considered that the design and manufacturing technology of LM's megawatt blades is the most advanced and competitive in the world.
In China, AVIC Huiteng takes the lead in the wind power blade industry by continuous innovation, and independently develops UPR-based FRP blades. Its 600kw-750kw blades account for more than 90% in China, and high-performance UPR has been successfully adopted in the development of 37.5m blades. Over the years, the company's installed blade capacity accounts for nearly half of the country's total. In the process of seeking technical cooperation, the company has successively participated in technical exchanges and cooperation with nine wind blade enterprises in the Netherlands, Germany, Britain, etc., and established the independent technology capability of MW-class blades in China. The main features of Whitten blade technology include structural damping patent (reducing vibration), tip proprietary technology (providing aerodynamic performance and reducing noise), mirror mold technology, rapid room temperature curing technology, high-precision balancing technology, high-precision blade root positioning technology and so on. Taking a blade with a weight of 1.5MW and a weight of 6 tons as an example, the weight error of each blade is below 1kg, and the deviation of the center of gravity is not more than 10mm, so the starting wind speed is only 2.6m/ s, and the generating wind speed is 3m/ s.. At present, the company has developed 2MW blades and carried out new blade design work according to the requirements of wind field. Domestic enterprises have also formed mass production, such as Zhongfu Lianzhong, Beijing Sinoma FRP Research Institute and Shanghai FRP Institute. Fiberglass products supporting wind power equipment also include hood and deflector. There are four domestic companies that adopt the most advanced vacuum pumping and LRTM technology, namely Shuang Yi, Huayi and Zhupita in Dezhou, Shandong Province, and Yaxi Road Company in Jiangsu Province. Most of the products are exported by foreign businessmen. Changzhou Huaxin New Materials Company first provided these enterprises with high strength, low viscosity and low heat release UPR with excellent performance.
In order to reduce the cost of power generation, in addition to blade design, materials and process molding are changing with each passing day. By choosing materials and processes, it can be lightweight and functional, thus improving the efficiency of wind energy. In order to obtain the best performance-to-price ratio of blades, in recent years, OCV company has introduced high-performance Advantax glass fiber in the global blade market. Compared with E glass fiber, this glass fiber has higher strength and modulus, and has been successfully applied to the manufacture of megawatt blades. Recently, OCV applied S glass fiber to larger blades. The modulus of S glass fiber reaches 85.5Gpa, which is 18% higher than that of E glass fiber, and its strength is 33% higher. From the technical point of view, it is more advanced to apply S glass fiber with high strength and high fracture strain to wind turbine blades. Recently, PPG introduced high-performance high-strength and fatigue-resistant glass fiber to the global wind energy blade industry. According to reports, the developed HYBON2026 is 20% higher in tensile strength and several times higher in fatigue strength than the glass fiber products used to make blades on the market at present. Relevant domestic enterprises have also carried out a lot of research and development work on materials for megawatt blades. Chongqing International has successively developed ECT and TM high-performance fibers, and its sales volume accounts for13 of the domestic consumption of glass fiber for megawatt blades. In 2009, it also exported 25,000 tons of high-performance fibers to Western Europe. In addition, high-performance fibers such as GMG from Tai 'an and E6 from Jushi have also entered the market. With the increasing blade length, the application of lightweight and high-strength carbon fiber in wind power generation is expanding, and the decrease in the price of large tow carbon fiber has become the first choice of structural materials for wind turbines. The same 34-meter-long blade has a GF/UP mass of 5800 kg, a GF/EP mass of 5200 kg and a CF/EP mass of 3800 kg. Therefore, the trend of blade material development is to adopt CF/EP, but at the same time, it is also under price pressure. Foreign countries are making in-depth research on reducing costs from raw materials, technology, quality control and other aspects. According to relevant information, in order to increase the stiffness of the blade and prevent the pre-bending part of the blade tip from hitting the tower, carbon fiber will be widely used in blades with a length of more than 50 m.
Lightweight closed-cell high-strength foam is another main component of blade materials, which is applied to structures. According to the data of DIAB company in Sweden, it can be used for 60-meter-long fan blade core. By adopting this core material and diversion technology, the cycle time can be reduced by 50% and the labor cost can be reduced by 30%. Compared with the open technology, the sandwich diversion technology can reduce the styrene emission by 90% and make the whole blade light and high-strength. The PVC profile board introduced by DIAB Company in Kunshan, China, is directly applied to the blade production according to the product "tailor-made", which saves time and materials and reduces the cost. At present, foreign companies producing leaf foam structure include Gurit Tianjin Company and Alcan Shanghai Company, and domestic Changzhou Tiansheng Company cooperated with relevant scientific research institutes to successfully develop structural foam last year.
With the development of offshore wind power, the performance of blades is required to be higher, and the light weight, high strength, high elasticity and fatigue resistance will promote the continuous production of new materials. Not long ago, Bayer Company introduced commercial brand Baytube carbon nanotubes to be used in epoxy resin to improve the fatigue resistance and impact resistance of blades and improve the resilience of materials. According to the company, the use of carbon nanotubes in resin will reduce the quality of blades by 20-30% and increase the strength by 30%. There is a new trend in the blade forming process. After Zhongfu Lianzhong Company has completed the prepreg forming process, the blade manufacturing has changed from wet forming to dry heating forming. Siemens of Germany has created the integral molding in the blade molding process. The application of these new technologies further improves the dimensional stability of products and shortens the manufacturing time.