"One" in the following items, which belongs to the conditions of revenue recognition of sales goods are ()

The accounting system stipulates that the incoming of copied and sold goods can only be confirmed when the following four conditions are met at the same time:

(1) The enterprise has transferred the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership to the buyer;

(2) The enterprise neither retains the right to continue management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor controls the goods that have been sold;

(3) the economic benefits related to the transaction can flow into the enterprise;

(4) Relevant income and costs can be measured reliably.

So ABE

D said that it is likely to flow into the enterprise because it is not accurate enough to choose.

(2) What are the conditions for an enterprise to confirm its sales revenue?

The conditions for an enterprise to confirm sales revenue are:

A the enterprise has transferred the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership to the buyer;

B. not retaining the right to continue management, which is usually associated with ownership;

C. no longer control commodities;

D the economic benefits related to the transaction can flow into the enterprise;

E related income and costs can be measured reliably. What are the recognition conditions of income? Can you give a simple example?

1, the enterprise has transferred the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership to the buyer.

For example:

(1) Company A and Company B sign an equipment customization contract, stipulating that Company B will pay part of the money in advance for Company A to purchase raw materials, and Company A shall manufacture the equipment in strict accordance with the requirements of Company B.. Assume that Company A finished manufacturing the equipment in accordance with the requirements of Company B in the current year and sent it to Company B for acceptance. Assuming that the equipment does not need to be installed, Company B has not paid the remaining payment.

In this case, Company A has finished manufacturing the equipment as agreed in the contract, and it has been accepted by Company B, indicating that the main risks and rewards of the ownership of the equipment have been transferred to Company B.. Although Company B has not paid the remaining payment, Company A can still consider that the main risks and rewards of equipment ownership have been transferred, and when other conditions for revenue recognition of sales goods are met at the same time, Company A shall recognize the revenue.

(2) In order to promote a new product, Company A promises that all customers who buy the new product will have a one-month probation period, and if they are not satisfied with the use effect of the product during the probation period, Company A will unconditionally return the product. This new product has been delivered to the buyer and the payment has been received.

In this case, Company A has sold the products and received the payment. However, because it is a new product, Company A cannot estimate the possibility of returning goods, indicating that the main risks and rewards of the ownership of the product have not been transferred with the delivery of the physical object, and the income cannot be confirmed. Only after the end of the probation period does it show that the risks and rewards related to the ownership of the product have been transferred to the customer, and company A can confirm the income only when other conditions for confirming the income of the sold goods are met at the same time.

2. The enterprise has neither retained the right to continue management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor effectively controlled the sold goods.

For example:

Company B sold a large-scale machinery and equipment to Company C by after-sale repurchase, but the machinery and equipment were not sent out and the money was received; The two sides agreed that Company B would buy back the machinery and equipment sold at a fixed price in five months.

In this case, Company B sold large machinery and equipment to Company C, and agreed to buy it back at a fixed price after 5 months, indicating that Company B can continue to effectively control the machinery and equipment, and the risks and rewards related to the ownership of machinery and equipment have not been transferred to Company C.. Therefore, Company B cannot confirm the income related to the sales of the machinery and equipment, and the sales price received shall be recognized as a liability.

(3) The amount of income can be measured reliably.

(4) Relevant economic benefits are likely to flow into the enterprise.

(5) The related costs that have occurred or will occur can be measured reliably.

(3) What are the confirmation conditions of commodity sales revenue?

Key points of income:

Income is a basic element of financial accounting.

1, the broad concept of income regards the inflow of economic benefits formed by the daily activities of enterprises and other activities as income;

2. The narrow concept of income limits income to the total inflow of economic benefits formed by the daily activities of enterprises;

3. China's current system adopts the narrow concept of income, that is, income refers to the total inflow of economic benefits formed by enterprises in their daily activities, which will lead to the increase of owners' rights and interests and has nothing to do with the capital invested by owners.

What are the main signs (conditions) for the recognition of commodity sales revenue?

Confirmation conditions of sales revenue (the following five conditions shall be met at the same time)

1. The enterprise has transferred the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership to the buyer.

Risk refers to the possible losses of commodities in the future, and reward refers to the economic benefits of commodities in the future. Risk and reward are the essence of sales revenue recognition, and the transfer of ownership is the form of sales revenue recognition. When confirming the income from selling goods, we should follow the requirement that substance is more important than form, and the transfer of risk and reward is more important than the transfer of ownership.

(1) Usually, the transfer of risks and rewards in ownership is accompanied by the transfer of ownership certificates or the delivery of physical objects, such as most retail transactions.

For example, the ownership of the air conditioner sold in a shopping mall has been transferred. Any problems with air conditioning in the future have nothing to do with shopping malls, so the risk has been transferred; What effect air conditioning can produce in the future has nothing to do with shopping malls, so the reward has been transferred.

(2) In some cases, the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership are transferred when the commodity ownership certificate is transferred but the physical object is not delivered, and the enterprise only keeps the secondary risks and rewards of commodity ownership, such as selling goods by payment and delivery.

For example, the product has been sold, the invoice has been issued, and the other party has not taken delivery. Although the goods are in the seller's warehouse, the risks and rewards of the goods have been transferred.

(3) In some cases, the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership have not been transferred after the transfer of commodity ownership certificates or the delivery of physical objects.

(1) the goods sold by the enterprise do not meet the requirements of the contract in terms of quality, variety and specifications, and they are still responsible for not making up for them according to the proper guarantee clauses.

Whether the income from selling goods can be obtained depends on whether the buyer has sold the goods. Such as the use of payment fees to entrust consignment of goods;

③ The enterprise has not completed the installation or inspection of the sold goods, and this installation or inspection task is an important part of the sales contract or agreement. Such as sales requiring installation or inspection; If the installation procedure is simple or the inspection is a necessary procedure to finally determine the price of the contract or agreement, the enterprise can confirm the income when issuing the goods.

(4) The sales contract or agreement stipulates that the buyer has the right to return the goods for specific reasons, and the enterprise cannot determine the possibility of returning the goods. The enterprise shall confirm the sales revenue of the goods at the expiration of the return period.

2. The enterprise has neither retained the right to continue management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor effectively controlled the sold goods.

If the enterprise only retains the right of continuous management unrelated to ownership (such as the right of property management reserved by real estate companies when selling commercial houses), it will not affect the recognition of income. In addition, the follow-up management of software by high-tech enterprises (software companies) does not affect the recognition of revenue, such as the follow-up maintenance of software companies.

If after the goods are sold, the enterprise still retains the right to continue management related to ownership, which means that the sales transaction is not completed, the sales cannot be established, and the income from the sales of goods should not be recognized. Similarly, if the goods are sold, the enterprise can still effectively control the goods, which also means that the sales cannot be established and the enterprise should not confirm the income from the sales of goods. Typical examples are after-sale repurchase business and after-sale leaseback business with financing nature.

3. The amount of income can be measured reliably.

The estimated income does not meet the conditions of "reliable measurement".

4. Relevant economic benefits are likely to flow into the enterprise.

It means that the possibility of recovering the price of the sold goods exceeds 50%. If it is unlikely that the estimated price will be recovered (for example, the buyer has serious financial difficulties), even if other conditions for revenue recognition have been met, revenue should not be recognized.

5. The related costs that have occurred or will occur can be measured reliably.

If the costs incurred or to be incurred in selling goods cannot be reasonably estimated, the enterprise should not recognize income at this time, and the received price should be recognized as liabilities. For example, an enterprise entrusts other enterprises to process semi-finished products, and the semi-finished products are sold after processing, but the trustee has not provided relevant cost information. On the surface, although the enterprise has received the sales price, it can confirm the income, but because the cost information is uncertain, it must wait for the processor to provide relevant cost information before confirming the income. Many listed companies recognize the income received, and at the same time estimate a lower cost at random, thus inflating profits, which seriously violates the fifth condition of income recognition.

What are the five conditions for the confirmation of commodity sales revenue?

1, the enterprise has transferred all the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership to the buyer;

2. The enterprise neither reserves the right to continue management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor controls the sold goods;

3. The amount of income can be measured reliably;

4. Relevant economic benefits are likely to flow into the enterprise;

5. The related costs that have occurred or will occur can be reliably measured.

(5) What are the confirmation conditions of commodity sales revenue?

International provisions on revenue recognition:

1. The seller of goods has transferred the important risks and rewards of ownership of the assets sold to the buyer, that is, the seller has completed all major sales links, and will no longer continue to participate in the management of the transferred goods by exercising ownership or actually control the transferred goods;

2. There are no significant uncertainties in the following aspects:

1, sales of goods are expected to be compensated;

2. Relevant costs that will occur in production;

3. The extent of returnability.

4, the goods have been delivered, and substantially completed other work necessary to obtain income;

5. The price has been received, or the right to receive the price has been obtained.

What conditions must be met at the same time for the confirmation of the income from "land" sales?

According to Article 1 of the Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China on Several Issues Concerning the Recognition of Enterprise Income Tax (Guo Royalty Letter [2008] No.875), unless otherwise stipulated in the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementing regulations, the recognition of enterprise sales income must follow the accrual principle and the principle that substance is more important than form.

(1) If an enterprise sells goods that meet the following conditions at the same time, it shall confirm the realization of income:

1. The commodity sales contract has been signed, and the enterprise has transferred the main risks and rewards related to commodity ownership to the buyer;

2. The enterprise has neither retained the right of continuous management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor implemented effective control over the sold goods;

3. The amount of income can be measured reliably;

4. The cost of the seller that has occurred or will occur can be reliably accounted for.

"Qi" briefly describes the confirmation of the realization time of commodity sales revenue

The Accounting System for Enterprises clearly stipulates the conditions for income recognition, the determination of the amount, and the treatment of discounts, concessions and returns. Article 85 stipulates that the income from the sale of goods shall be recognized when the following conditions are met: (1) the enterprise has transferred the main risks and rewards of the ownership of goods to the buyer; (two) the enterprise has neither retained the right to continue management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor exercised control over the sold goods; (3) The economic benefits related to the transaction can flow into the enterprise; (4) Relevant revenues and costs can be measured reliably.

In line with the income recognition conditions in the preceding paragraph, if the following commodity sales methods are adopted, the realization time of income shall be confirmed according to the following provisions:

1. If the goods are sold by collection and acceptance, the income will be recognized when the collection procedures are completed.

2. If the goods are sold in advance, the income shall be recognized when the goods are issued.

3. If the goods to be sold need to be installed and inspected, the income shall be recognized when the buyer accepts the goods and the installation and inspection are completed. If the installation procedure is simple, you can confirm the income when you send out the goods.

4. If the sales of goods are commissioned by paying the handling fee, the income shall be confirmed when the consignment list is received.

What conditions should be met at the same time for the confirmation of sales revenue?

The five conditions for the confirmation of commodity sales revenue are:

1. The enterprise has transferred the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership to the buyer.

Second, the enterprise has neither retained the right to continue management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor effectively controlled the sold goods.

Third, the amount of income can be measured reliably.

Fourth, related economic benefits are likely to flow into enterprises.

5. The related costs that have occurred or will occur can be measured reliably.

What are the confirmation conditions of commodity sales revenue?

Conditions for confirmation of sales revenue:

Only when the income from the sale of goods meets the following conditions can it be confirmed:

(1) The enterprise has transferred the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership to the buyer;

(2) The enterprise has neither retained the right to continue management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor effectively controlled the sold goods;

(3) The amount of income can be measured reliably;

(4) Relevant economic benefits are likely to flow into the enterprise;

(5) The related costs that have occurred or will occur can be measured reliably.

What is the recognition principle of "picking up" sales revenue?

When an enterprise sells goods, whether the income can be recognized depends on whether the sales can meet or satisfy the following five conditions at the same time. For the sales of goods that can meet the following five conditions at the same time, the sales income should be recognized according to the relevant provisions of accounting standards, otherwise it cannot be recognized. In the concrete analysis, we should follow the principle that substance is more important than form and pay attention to the professional judgment of accountants.

1. The enterprise has transferred all the main risks and rewards of commodity ownership to the buyer.

Risks mainly refer to the losses caused by depreciation, damage and scrapping of commodities; Remuneration refers to the future economic benefits contained in the commodity, including the economic benefits brought by the value-added and direct use of the commodity. If any loss of a commodity does not need to be borne by the enterprise, and the economic benefits brought by it are not owned by the enterprise, it means that the risks and rewards of the ownership of the commodity have been transferred to the buyer.

It depends on different situations to judge whether the main risks and rewards of a commodity ownership have been transferred to the buyer. Whether the main risks and main rewards are transferred can be summed up in the following four situations.

(1) All the major risks and major rewards have not been transferred.

A manufacturer distributes its products to local distributors through consignment, and the distributors are responsible for consignment. The distributors can charge a handling fee according to a certain proportion of the sales amount, but they are not responsible for underwriting.

(two) the main remuneration has been transferred, and the main risks have not been transferred.

In order to obtain a * * * contract for the construction of a specific road section, A Road Construction Company purchased several heavy bulldozers from the manufacturer of Party B. The purchase and sale contract stipulated that if A Road Construction Company finally failed to obtain the * * * contract for road construction, it could return the bulldozers.

(three) the main risk has been transferred, and the main reward has not been transferred.

Enterprise A sells a piece of land to real estate company B at a market price of 400,000 yuan. According to the sales agreement, enterprise A has the right to buy back the sold land at a price equal to 1 10% of the original price at the end of the second year after the transaction, but real estate company B has no right to ask enterprise A to buy back. After the transaction, the real estate market has been in a downturn, and it is expected that it will be difficult to improve in the past two years.

(4) The major risks and major rewards have all been transferred.

A company sells a batch of goods to a customer, and the goods have been sent out, and has obtained the right to collect the payment. According to the business experience with this customer for many years, A company has no major uncertainties in recovering the price.

In addition, the main risks and rewards are relative to the secondary risks and rewards. If the enterprise only retains the secondary risks of ownership, the sales are established and the corresponding income should be confirmed.

For example, when a company sells product B, the purchasing enterprise is allowed to return the goods within three months due to reasons such as unqualified quality. According to past experience, the company's estimated return ratio is 1% of sales. In this case, although the company still retains certain risks, this risk is secondary. The main risks and rewards associated with ownership have been transferred to the buyer, and the company should confirm the income. (Assuming that the company's revenue from selling product B is1100,000 yuan, the sales cost is 800,000 yuan, and the value-added tax rate is 17%, the company should make the following accounting treatment when selling products:

Debit: accounts receivable1170,000 yuan.

Loan: main business income100000 yuan.

Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax)170,000 yuan

After estimating the possibility of reasonable return at the end of the sales month, the following accounting treatment shall be made:

Debit: main business income 1 ten thousand yuan (1ten thousand yuan × 1%)

Loan: the main business cost is RMB 8,000 (RMB 800,000×1%).

Other payables are RMB 2,000.00 Yuan.

Two, the enterprise has neither retained the right to continue management, which is usually associated with ownership, nor exercised control over the sold goods.

(A) the right to continue management

1. Continuing management rights related to ownership.

If enterprise A is a real estate development enterprise and sells its undeveloped land to enterprise B, the contract stipulates that enterprise A will develop this land. After the developed land is sold, the profits will be shared by enterprise A and enterprise B in proportion. This situation belongs to the fact that enterprise A retains the right to continue management related to ownership. This transaction is not a sales transaction, but an investment transaction in which enterprise A and enterprise B * * * develop the land and * * * share the profits. Therefore,

2. The right to continue management that has nothing to do with ownership.

If a developer sells a residential area he has developed to a customer and is responsible for the future property management of the residential area, it belongs to the right of continuous management that has nothing to do with ownership. When a developer sells a commercial house, if it meets other conditions for income recognition at the same time, it should recognize income.

(two) the implementation of effective control of sold goods (mainly refers to after-sale repurchase)

1. If the repurchase price has been specified in the contract.

If enterprise A sells its products to enterprise B, the repurchase price of the contract concluded by both parties is100000 yuan. Assuming that the market price on the day of repurchase is1200000 yuan, enterprise A will pay less than 200000 yuan when buying back the goods, and enterprise A will get a reward of 200000 yuan. If the market price on the day of repurchase is 900,000 yuan, enterprise A will pay100,000 yuan more when repurchasing goods, and enterprise A will bear the loss of100,000 yuan.

It can be seen that the main risks and rewards embodied in the ownership of goods are not transferred to the buyer, and at the same time, the goods are controlled, so enterprise A should not recognize income when selling products.

2. If the repurchase price is the market price on the repurchase day.

For example, if enterprise A sells the goods to enterprise B at a price of1000000 yuan, both parties clearly stipulate when concluding the contract that the repurchase price of enterprise A when repurchasing the goods is the market price on the repurchase day. Assuming that the market price on the day of repurchase is1300,000 yuan, enterprise B will get a reward of 300,000 yuan in the process of repurchasing goods by enterprise A; Assuming that the market price on the day of repurchase is 850,000 yuan, enterprise B will suffer a loss of150,000 yuan in the process of repurchasing goods by enterprise A.

Although the main risks and rewards embodied in the ownership of goods have been transferred to the buyer, because enterprise A controls the sold goods, enterprise A should not confirm the sales income when selling the goods.

Three, the amount of income can be measured reliably.

Whether the income can be measured reliably is the basic premise to confirm the income. When an enterprise sells goods, the selling price is usually determined. However, due to some uncertain factors, the selling price may change. Before the new selling price is determined, even if the money has been received, the income should not be recognized, but the actually received money should be treated as an advance account. After the new selling price is determined, the accounting treatment of confirming income, making up or returning the overcharged money shall be carried out according to the relevant provisions of the products sold in advance.

Four, the relevant economic benefits are likely to flow into the enterprise.

Economic benefits refer to cash or cash equivalents that directly or indirectly flow into an enterprise. In the transaction of selling goods, the economic benefits related to the transaction are the price of selling goods. It probably means that the possibility of economic benefits flowing into the enterprise exceeds 50%, and whether the price of goods sold can be recovered with certainty is an important condition for revenue recognition. When an enterprise sells goods, if it is estimated that it is unlikely that the price will be recovered, even if other conditions for revenue recognition have been met, it should not recognize revenue.

For example, on May 8, 2008, Enterprise A sold a batch of goods to Enterprise B by way of collection and acceptance. The cost was10 million yuan, and the price was 20 million yuan. The value-added tax indicated on the special invoice was 3.4 million yuan. The goods have been sent out and the procedures have been completed. At this point, it is learned that enterprise B has suffered huge losses in another transaction, and it is unlikely that this payment will be recovered, which means that the economic benefits related to this transaction are unlikely to flow into the enterprise or not. Therefore, enterprise A should not recognize income, but should conduct the following accounting treatment.

(1) Borrow: issue goods10 million yuan.

Loan: inventory goods10 million yuan.

(2) Debit: accounts receivable of 3.4 million yuan.

Loan: Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax) 3.4 million yuan.

(If the tax obligation has not yet occurred, there is no need to make a second entry.)

5. The related costs that have occurred or will occur can be reliably measured.

According to the principle of matching income and expenses, the income and cost related to the same sale should be recognized in the same accounting period. Therefore, if the cost cannot be measured reliably, even if other conditions are met, the relevant income cannot be recognized. If the price has been received, the received price should be recognized as a liability.

Example B Company sold a machine tool to enterprise M this year at a price of1million yuan, and enterprise M has paid all the money. The machine tool1February 3 1 day has not been completed yet, and the cost incurred is 600,000 yuan, so it is difficult to reasonably determine the cost to be incurred after completion.

At this time, enterprise B can't confirm the sales revenue. Although the revenue can be measured reliably and has been received, the cost can't be measured reliably, and it is impossible to match the income and expenses in the same accounting period. Therefore, when actually receiving the money, the following accounting treatment should be made.

Debit: bank deposit100000 yuan.

Loan: accounts received in advance100000 yuan.