Foreign Trade Knowledge Quiz (Basic Foreign Trade Knowledge) 1. Basic Foreign Trade Knowledge
Basic knowledge of foreign trade The external dimension is 20 feet *8 feet *8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 20-foot container; The external dimension is 40 feet *8 feet *8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40-foot container; The external dimension is 40 feet *8 feet *9 feet 6 inches, which is referred to as a 40-foot high cabinet.
20-foot container: the internal volume is 5.69m * 2.13m * 2.18m, the gross weight of distribution is generally17.5t, and the volume is 24-26m3. 40-foot container: the internal volume is11.8m * 2.13m * 2.18m, and the gross weight of distribution is generally 22 tons and the volume is 54 cubic meters.
40-foot-high container: the internal volume is11.8m * 2.13m * 2.72m, and the gross weight of distribution is generally 22 tons and the volume is 68 cubic meters. 45-foot-high container: the internal volume is13.58m * 2.34m * 2.71m, the gross weight of distribution is generally 29 tons, and the volume is 86 cubic meters.
20-foot open-top cabinet: the internal volume is 5.89M * 2.32M * 2.3 1M, the gross weight of distribution is generally 20 tons, and the volume is 3 1.5 cubic meters. 40-foot open-top cabinet: the internal volume is12.01m * 2.33m * 2.15m, the gross weight of distribution is generally 30.4 tons, and the volume is 65 cubic meters.
20-foot flat-bottomed container: the internal volume is 5.85M * 2.23M * 2. 15M, the gross weight of distribution is generally 23 tons, and the volume is 28 cubic meters. 40-foot flat-bottomed container: the internal volume is12.05m * 2.12m *1.96m, and the gross weight of distribution is generally 36 tons, with a volume of 50 cubic meters.
A/W All Water ANER Asia North America East Bound Rate B/L Ocean Bill of Lading B/R Buying Rate BAF Fuel Surcharge Bunker AdjustmentFactor C& F COST AND FREIGHT C.C to pay the freight Collect C.S.C Container Service Charge C.Y Container Yard C/(CNEE) Consignee C/ O Certificate of Origin CAF currency exchange rate surcharge Currency Adjustment Factor CFS bulk warehouse Container Freight Station CFS/CFS bulk delivery (starting point/ End point) CHB customs broker CIF COST,INSURANCE and sea freight cost, insurance, Freight and insurance premium paid to destination Carriage and Insurance Paid To M goods modity CPT freight paid to destination Carriage Paid To CTNR Container CY/CY whole container delivery (starting point/ending point) D/ A d/a Document Against Acceptance D/O arrival notice Delivery Order D/ P d/p Document Against Payment DAF border delivery Delivered At Frontier DDC destination port wharf fee Destination Delivery Charge DDP Delivered duty paid Delivered Duty Paid DDU duty-free delivery delivered. Duty Unpaid DEQ Delivered Ex Quay DES Delivered Ex Ship Doc# Document number Document Number EPS equipment location surcharge Equipment Position Surcharges Ex factory delivery Work/ExFactory F/ F freight forwarder Freight Forwarder FAF fuel surcharge Fuel AdjustmentFactor FAK all kinds of goods Freight All Kind FAS port of shipment Free Alongside Ship FCA goods delivery carrier Free Carrier FCL full container C. ontainer Load Feeder Vessel/ Lighter barge voyage FEU 40' cabinet-type Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40' FMC Federal Maritime Commission Federal Maritime mission FOB Free On Board GRI overall price increase General RateIncrease H/ C agency fee Handling Charge HBL sub-bill of lading House B/L I/S sales Inside Sales IA Independent Action L/ C Letter of Credit Land Bridge LCL LCL LCL Less Than Container Load M/T size ton (that is, goods are charged by size) Measurement Ton MB/L master bill of lading of loading MLB small land bridge, From one port to another, Minni Land Bridge Mother Vessel mainline MTD Multimodal Transport Document N/F Notify NVOCC NVOCC NVOCC non-vessel operating mon carrier o/ F ocean freight ocean bill of lading Ocean (or original )B/ L OCP consignors arrange to transport them to inland points by themselves. Overland Continental Point OP Operation ORC Local Receiving Fees (charged by Guangdong Province) Origen Recevie Charges P.P Prepaid PCS Port Congestion Surcha. Rge POD destination Port Of Destination POL loading Port Of Loading PSS peak season surcharge Peak Season Sucharges S/(Shpr) Shipper S/C Sales Contract S/ O shipping instructions shipping orders s/r selling prices selling rates s/ S Spread Sheet Spread Sheet SC Service Contract SSL Shipping Company Steam Ship Line T.O.C Terminal Operations Option T.R.C Terminal Receiving Char Ge T/S transshipment, Transhipment Trans-Ship T/T voyage Transit Time TEU 20' cabinet twenty-foot equivalent unit 20' THC terminal operation fee (charged by Hong Kong) Terminal Handling Charges TTL total *** Total TVC/ TVR Time Volume Contract/ Rate VOCC shipping company Vessel Operating mon Carrier W/M is the surcharge Yard Surcharges from the high-priced Weight or Measurement ton W/T (that is, the goods are charged by weight).
2. What are the common sense of foreign trade operation process and basic common sense knowledge of foreign trade?
Let me give you some basic export procedures first. In fact, what should be paid attention to is that the documents should be made according to the requirements of the contract or letter of credit, and checked with the customers in time to see if they meet the requirements. Each company has its own format for the samples of box lists and invoices. Please look up your previous information. Simple, just pay attention to some English and don't make mistakes.
Sign an export contract-open a letter of credit-start assembling goods-go through commodity inspection-declare customs-contact the shipping company to prepare the goods for shipment-settle foreign exchange-declare export income-write off-apply for tax refund.
1, sign export contracts, and examine whether the export commodities are within the business scope of import and export licenses; Do you need an import and export license? If so, you must apply for a license first.
2. Pay attention to whether the letter of credit is issued in accordance with the contract requirements, and review whether there are unreasonable requirements.
3. Organize the export of goods in strict accordance with the requirements of the letter of credit.
4. Go through the export commodity inspection, and obtain the commodity inspection certificate (invoice, packing list, letter of credit and its copy, copy of contract, factory inspection certificate and commodity inspection application form are required).
5. Contact the sinotrans company, deliver the goods to the designated sinotrans and provide the documents required for customs declaration (invoices, packing lists, letters of credit and photocopies, copies of contracts sealed by one party, power of attorney, commodity inspection certificate, and import and export licenses if necessary).
6. Prepare documents and settle foreign exchange according to the requirements of the letter of credit.
7. Declare foreign exchange income to the settlement bank.
8. To claim the verification form of export goods from the foreign shipping company for customs declaration and verification, and together with the export invoice, the settlement water shall be written off to the local foreign exchange administration.
9, with the verification certificate and invoice, special payment book, and tax refund declaration to the State Administration of Taxation for tax refund.
In addition, I suggest you go to the "Fubu Forum" to have a look. There is a lot of knowledge about foreign trade on it. I hope it will be useful to you.
3. What knowledge do you need to do foreign trade?
This is also a question that many novices need to ask. Whether entering a foreign trade company or some industry and trade companies or processing enterprises, how to get started is really worth discussing. In fact, as a novice, we should start from the most basic, from material procurement to product production, to product inspection and then delivery logistics settlement.
I was a novice before, and summed up my experience: First, ask more questions, and ask if you don't understand. Generally, when a novice enters a trading company or factory, there will be an old hand to take you. Generally speaking, few companies want a novice to be independent, and they usually do some merchandising or business assistants. Second, learn to take more notes. As the saying goes, a good memory is better than a bad written one. It is very important to write down the problems you usually encounter and how to solve them. In particular, you should write down all the things you need to do today, and also write down the things you need to do tomorrow. After work, you can go over what you remember today.
Thirdly, for a pure foreign trade salesman, some basic skills must be mastered, which are summarized as follows: 1, quotation. For a salesman, this is the basic skills. The quotation of each company or everyone is different, but it is always the same, mainly covering the company name, contact information, product name, model, unit price, gross weight, packaging method, price validity period, delivery date, payment method of trade cooperation and a brief introduction of product characteristics. So there is a way for you to get more quotations to study, and think carefully about why these data appear on this quotation, what use these data have for customers and so on.
2, counter, this is a basic skill for the salesman. When you make a quotation, you sometimes make packaging according to the customer's requirements, so the customer will ask you a 20-foot or 40-foot container quantity, because customers such as FOB will calculate the cost and profit of the unit product after the sea freight, which is very important, so it is also more important for the salesman to calculate the counter. The method is also simple. Take a pencil and white paper to calculate more (the premise is to memorize the internal product and size of each cabinet). 3. Accumulation of experience. Sometimes a college graduate who graduated from a class can't do business as a high school student with 3-5 years of experience. This is still accumulated by time, and it is very important to learn more and ask more questions. For example, the skills of controlling delivery time and payment methods are very important. In a word, it's still a matter of mentality, and it's still quick to learn and work hard.
I hope a little experience will be useful to you.
4. Basic knowledge and process of foreign trade
If you have foreign trade knowledge, you can go to the Dragon Guide. There are many foreign trade knowledge in the foreign trade study.
Foreign trade process
I. Receiving an inquiry
1, seriously quote
(1) Check the latest product price with the factory.
(2) Check the latest exchange rate of the day.
(3) Accounting FOB price
(4) Contact the freight forwarder for the latest shipping price.
(5) All parameters in the quotation must be accurate, especially the loading capacity of containers.
(6) Payment method should be confirmed.
2. Make samples
(1) Arrange factory proofing.
(2) Make sure the customer confirms that the sample is under order.
Second, the customer orders
1, do PI
(1) The company name and customer name must be correct, and they should be checked one by one.
(2) The order number and PI time must be correct.
(3) The commodity name must be correct.
(4) The unit price and amount must be approved.
(5) The total amount and amount in words must be correct.
(6) Be sure to have correct bank information of our company.
2. Make a contract
(1) The company name, customer name, header and date must be correct, and they should be checked one by one.
(2) The product name, specification, unit price, total amount, weight and volume must be checked one by one to ensure that there are no errors.
(3) other terms of the contract must be done in detail.
Third, arrange factory production
1, place an order with the factory
(1) Write clearly the name, specifications and quantity of the products you want to buy.
(2) Ask for a formal quotation (faxed by the factory)
(3) Arrange the factory production after receiving the customer transaction receipt.
2. Make a purchase contract
(1) The contract must be detailed, and the contract number and specifications and parameters related to each product must be written in full.
(2) the quantity and amount should be carefully checked.
(3) The inspection method should be detailed and clear.
(4) Confirm the payment method
(5) Confirmed the solution to the problem and the way of claim.
3. Make a down payment to the factory
(1) Check the factory account information.
(2) Check the billing information of the company's accounting transfer.
(3) telephone tracking factory whether the money to the account.
4, tracking the production process
(1) Keep abreast of the production process.
(2) Confirm the size and weight of the goods
Four, contact the forwarder to arrange transportation.
1, the price (by sea or air)
(1) Find more freight forwarders to compare prices with shipping companies.
(2) Select the price and freight forwarding company
(3) Determine the payment method (prepayment or monthly settlement)
3. Express customs declaration documents
(1) Express customs declaration documents to the freight forwarder (customs declaration form, agent declaration power of attorney, verification form, export goods list, packing list, CI, sales contract, blank sheet)
(2) Confirm the customs declaration information
V. Delivery and transportation
1, notify the customer to make the balance.
(1) Inform the customer that the goods have been produced and take photos.
(2) Do PI to make the balance for customers.
(3) Arrange customer inspection
2. Pay the balance to the factory
(1) Inspection
(2) Pay the balance to the factory
(3) VAT invoice is required
(4) The factory arranges delivery to the designated warehouse.
3. Transport the goods to the destination port
(1) Bill of lading is required after the goods are shipped out.
(2) Pay the freight on behalf of the freight forwarder after the goods arrive in Hong Kong.
(3) Freight forwarders need invoice
(4) Freight Forwarder's verification form and customs declaration form
Do it yourself a few times, and I understand it.
5. What basic knowledge should be mastered in foreign trade?
Foreign trade is a long process, and one person can't do it all. Do you want to do foreign trade business or foreign trade documentary?
If you have no foreign trade experience, I suggest you start with foreign trade documentary. A person who doesn't understand documentary can never do a good job in business.
Foreign trade documentary is also called foreign trade operation, that is, after receiving the order, the foreign trade salesman gives it to the documentary to execute. The work among them includes: urging guests to remit the deposit; After the deposit is received, the domestic trade contract is given to the factory to arrange production; In the production process, convey the customer's requirements for packaging to the factory, such as packaging box layout, outer box marking, labeling and so on; After the production is completed, arrange QC inspection and arrange the personnel of relevant institutions to do commodity inspection (not necessary if it is not legal commodity inspection). If there is no problem with the inspection, book the shipping space from the shipping company, and after receiving the manifest from the shipping company (with the booking number, name of the shipping company, name of the ship, voyage, deadline for customs declaration, estimated sailing time, estimated arrival time, etc.), then arrange towing and loading the container two or three days before the deadline for customs declaration, and then arrange customs declaration. After customs clearance, make invoices and packing lists; And send the supplement of the bill of lading to the booking company, and send the supplement of the certificate of origin to the CCPIT or other institutions that can issue the certificate of origin (pay attention to what kind of certificate of origin the customer requires, C/O or FORM A,E,F) to issue the original. Traditionally, after the original documents are complete, they should be faxed or scanned to the guest to urge him to pay the balance. Send the original documents after the balance arrives.
Foreign trade documentary actually includes foreign trade operations and foreign trade documents. There are many things to master. The merchandiser actually "arranges" more, but actually has to do it himself. Then "arrangement" must be mastered in time. If one link goes wrong, it will affect the following links. For example, if you arrange for the trailer to be loaded into the cabinet late and can't catch the deadline, you will have to catch the next boat, which is very troublesome.
Generally, when a newcomer enters a foreign trade company, he must have an experienced person to take it. Although you also have foreign trade experience, you'd better have someone take it, because each company's foreign trade process will be somewhat different.
Of course, some companies have a very detailed foreign trade process, and one person is responsible for a small part of it.
You can consider doing foreign trade business when you are familiar with the documentary. Knowing how to develop foreign trade business will be very helpful for you to go out and do foreign trade yourself in the future. Many people not only know how to operate, but also know how to carry out business, so they go it alone, start a small company, and then slowly develop into a big company. Just like the boss of my previous company. But not all people can succeed. Look at your hard work, luck and strength.
One more thing to add, don't be afraid of not knowing the basic knowledge of foreign trade. There are many operations, and you will be familiar with it once and for all. You will soon get used to it if you are careful. Many science graduates can't find the ideal jobs corresponding to their majors and switch to foreign trade, which is even better than those who graduated from foreign trade majors. Many things are not absolute.
6. Basic process and common sense of foreign trade
Here is the basic process. If you want to see common sense, you can go to Fubu Foreign Trade Forum, which is the largest foreign trade forum in China. 1. Customer enquiry: Generally speaking, customers will give relevant OrderInquiry to the business department before placing a formal PurchaseOrder, so as to get some details.
2. Quotation: Quotation for export products mainly includes: product quality grade, product specification and model, whether the product has special packaging requirements, the quantity of products purchased, delivery time requirements, product transportation mode, product material and so on. The commonly used quotation methods are: FOB "FOB", CFR "cost and freight" and CIF "cost, insurance and freight".
The business department shall promptly reply to the customer's inquiry, determine the product name, model, manufacturer, quantity, delivery date, payment method, packaging specification and cabinet type, etc., and issue a ProformaInvoice to the customer for a formal quotation. 3. Order/Signing Order: After the two trading parties reach an agreement on the quotation, the buyer's enterprise will formally place an order and negotiate with the seller's enterprise on some related matters. After the two parties agree, they need to sign a Purchase Contract.
In the process of signing the Purchase Contract, we mainly discuss the commodity name, specifications, quantity, price, packaging, place of origin, shipment date, payment terms, settlement method, claim and arbitration, and write the agreement reached after the negotiation into the Purchase Contract. This marks the official start of export business.
Usually, the signing of the purchase contract in duplicate takes effect with the official seal of our company affixed by both parties, and each party keeps one copy. 4. Place a production order: after obtaining the customer's PurchaseOrder, place an order with the factory and arrange the production plan.
V. Business approval: After receiving the order, the business department will first make a business approval form. Fill in the items in the "Export Contract Audit Form" truthfully, and list all kinds of estimated expenses as far as possible.
Contract approval should be accompanied by a fax of the customer's order and the purchase contract with the factory. The audit form should be signed by the salesman, examined and approved by the department manager, and then submitted to the management personnel for examination and approval before implementation.
If the amount is large, or there are terms such as advance payment and commission, it must be approved by the general manager of the company. After the contract is approved, the PO will be made into a sales order and handed over to the department process staff for follow-up.
VI. Means of Payment (Letter of Credit) There are three commonly used international payment methods, namely remittance payment, collection payment and letter of credit payment. 1. If it is a T/T payment customer, make sure that the deposit has been received.
TT payment method is settled in foreign exchange cash, and the customer remits the money to the foreign exchange bank account designated by the company, which can require remittance within a certain period after the goods arrive. 2. If it is a customer who puts accounts, or receives foreign exchange through bank D/P,D/A, etc., it needs the manager's confirmation.
3. If it is a L/C payment customer, it is usually confirmed that the L/C has been received 1 month before the delivery date. After receiving the L/C, the salesman and the voucher clerk should review the L/C separately to check whether there are any errors, whether the delivery date can be guaranteed, and other possible problems. If there are any problems, please ask the customer to amend the L/C immediately. This paper focuses on the payment method of letter of credit. The implementation of letter of credit usually includes three contents: 1, urging to open the letter of credit. If the buyer and the seller agree to use the letter of credit in the export contract, the buyer should open the letter of credit on time in strict accordance with the provisions of the contract, which is the premise for the seller to perform.
However, in actual business, sometimes foreign importers will delay the opening of the L/C when the market changes or there is a shortage of funds. In order to ensure the timely performance of the contract, it is necessary for us to remind the other party to open the letter of credit according to the contract at an appropriate time and urge the other party to go through the formalities of opening the letter of credit quickly.
In particular, bulk commodity transactions or special commodity transactions requested by the buyer should be urged in time in combination with the stocking situation. When necessary, we can also ask our overseas institutions or the Bank of China to assist in the collection of certificates.
2. When reviewing the letter of credit, we should focus on the shipping terms in the letter of credit. The letter of credit is a guarantee document of bank credit, but the bank's credit guarantee is based on the documents submitted by the beneficiary meeting the terms of the letter of credit. Therefore, the credit standing of the issuing bank and the contents of the letter of credit are related to the safety of foreign exchange collection. In order to ensure the safety of foreign exchange collection, the letter of credit opened by foreign customers through banks should be carefully checked and reviewed immediately.
The letter of credit is opened according to the contract, and the contents of the letter of credit should be consistent with the terms of the contract. However, in practice, the terms of the letter of credit opened are often inconsistent with the provisions of the contract. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the foreign exchange collection and contract, banks and export enterprises should immediately check and review the letter of credit opened by foreign customers through banks.
Banks focus on reviewing the credit standing ability, payment responsibility and foreign exchange demand route of the issuing bank. The exporter focuses on checking whether the contents of the letter of credit are consistent with the sales contract.
After receiving the letter of credit, the exporter should carefully examine the relevant clauses in the letter of credit, such as the date of shipment, port of shipment, port of destination, date of settlement of foreign exchange, etc., especially pay attention to some special clauses, such as whether the goods can be shipped in batches, whether they can be transshipped, etc., and decide whether to accept, modify or reject the relevant transportation clauses in the letter of credit according to the actual situation before the goods are shipped. 3. Modifying the letter of credit is an act of modifying some clauses in the letter of credit that has been opened.
The amendment of the letter of credit can be proposed by the applicant or the beneficiary. In actual business, export enterprises, after a comprehensive and detailed review of the letter of credit, should usually distinguish the nature of the problems when they find them, and some of them must get in touch with the relevant departments such as banking, transportation, insurance and inspection before they can make appropriate and proper decisions.
Generally speaking, any problems that do not conform to China's foreign trade policies and affect the performance of contracts and the safety of foreign exchange collection must require foreign customers to make amendments through the issuing bank and insist on receiving the letter of credit amendment from the bank before shipment of goods; For those that can be changed or not, or can be done through proper efforts, they can be handled as appropriate, or they can be handled according to the provisions of the letter of credit without modification. It is common that there are many clauses in a letter of credit that need to be amended.
In this regard, it should be raised to the applicant once, otherwise, it will not only increase the procedures and expenses of both parties, but also have a bad external influence. Secondly, any letter of credit amendment notice received should be carefully reviewed, and if any amendment is found.
7. The most basic knowledge that foreign trade novices need
As you said, foreign trade involves a lot and is very complicated. If you want to learn something systematically, it may not be of much help to your work.
I suggest you start with your work and see if you can find a master to take your place. Starting with a ticket of ordinary business, with the development of business, you will encounter all kinds of problems. Some problems can be explained clearly by the master, and some need you to find theoretical answers from books. Whenever you encounter problems that you don't understand, you should take a notebook and record the thinking of dealing with them. In this way, you can find the knack of doing business over time.
As for trade terms, don't touch too much at first. One is that they may not be suitable for your job, and the other is easy to get confused. Also, English telegrams should be written on your English basis first, so that customers can understand them. Of course, at first, customers can see that you are a novice, but you don't have to be embarrassed. Only in this way can we make progress.