The depreciation methods that Chinese enterprises can choose are life average method, workload method and double balance transfer method.
Subtraction and sum of years, etc. This paper combines the income tax meeting in the latest Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises
According to the requirements, this paper discusses the different effects of different depreciation methods on enterprise income tax.
The ring.
Keywords: depreciation; Accelerated depreciation method; industrial and commercial income tax
At present, the literature on the relationship between depreciation methods and income tax is mostly focused on discussion.
Due to different depreciation methods, the depreciation amount is also different, which affects the income tax.
In this paper, from the new "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" and "Interim Provisions on Enterprise Income Tax in People's Republic of China (PRC)"
Case (hereinafter referred to as the "Provisional Regulations on Enterprise Income Tax") on the depreciation of fixed assets.
Based on the relevant provisions of method selection, this paper analyzes the influence of the choice of depreciation method of fixed assets on enterprises.
Accounting treatment of income tax and the influence of tax burden.
According to the requirements of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.4-Fixed Assets, in addition to the above-mentioned
In addition to the fully depreciated fixed assets and separately accounted land, enterprises should
When all fixed assets are depreciated. Enterprises should be based on the economy related to fixed assets.
Enterprises can choose the way to realize the expected benefits and choose the depreciation method of fixed assets reasonably.
Depreciation methods include life average method, workload method, double declining balance method and life sum method.
Law, etc. Once the depreciation method of fixed assets is determined, it shall not be changed at will.
I. Overview of depreciation methods of fixed assets
(A) uniform straight line method
1 1 life average method
The average life method is to evenly allocate the accrued depreciation of fixed assets to fixed assets.
A method for predicting service life. The calculation formula is as follows:
Monthly depreciation amount = original price of fixed assets-estimated net salvage value
Estimated service life (year) × 12
2 1 workload method
The workload method is a method to calculate the depreciation amount of each period according to the actual workload. calculate
The formula is as follows:
Monthly depreciation amount = monthly workload of fixed assets ×
Original Price of Fixed Assets-Estimated Net Residual Value
Estimated total workload
(2) accelerated depreciation method
The accelerated depreciation method is characterized by more depreciation in the early stage and less depreciation in the later stage of the use of fixed assets.
Depreciation is accelerating year by year, thus accelerating the speed and purpose of depreciation.
It is to accelerate the compensation of fixed assets cost within the expected service life.
1 1 double declining balance method
The basis of double declining balance method is not considering the expected net residual value of fixed assets.
Calculated according to the balance after deducting accumulated depreciation from the original price of fixed assets at the beginning of each period and the double straight-line method.
A method for calculating the depreciation of fixed assets with the old rate. The calculation formula is as follows:
Monthly depreciation = net book value of fixed assets ×
2
Estimated service life (year) × 12
Sum method of 2 1 year
The sum of years method is to multiply the balance after deducting the estimated net salvage value from the original price of fixed assets by 1.
Taking the fair service life of fixed assets as the numerator, the sum of figures of expected service life is calculated year by year.
Calculate the annual depreciation of the decreasing denominator. The calculation formula is as follows:
Monthly depreciation = (original price of fixed assets-estimated net salvage value) × years
Fair service life
Total expected service life × 12
Two. Provisions on tax treatment of depreciation of fixed assets
The Provisional Regulations on Enterprise Income Tax and related laws and regulations stipulate the depreciation of fixed assets of enterprises.
Tax treatment of. The Provisional Regulations on Enterprise Income Tax stipulates that taxpayers can deduct a fixed amount.
The calculation of asset depreciation adopts the straight-line depreciation method. At the same time, the provisional regulations on enterprise income tax
The scope of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets is limited, and only those that meet the requirements are fixed.
Fixed assets can adopt the declining balance method and the sum of years method. Determination of qualified conditions by enterprises
Assets can choose to use accelerated depreciation method when filing tax returns, and report to the competent tax authorities at the same time.
For the record, the competent tax authorities find that they do not meet the conditions for accelerated depreciation of fixed assets,
Tax adjustment should be made.
However, the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises stipulates that an enterprise may, based on information related to fixed assets.
The expected realization of economic benefits, reasonable choice of depreciation method of fixed assets, thus,
There must be some enterprises that will choose the average life method and workload according to their own conditions.
Method, double declining balance method and sum of years method.
Depreciation of fixed assets, and according to the purpose included in the cost of related assets or current profits and losses. namely
It is said that the accounting treatment of depreciation of fixed assets by enterprises is not necessarily in accordance with taxes.
Processing requirements, so that when calculating the taxable income of enterprises, it may be saved.
There is a difference between depreciation accrual and depreciation deduction, so the straight-line depreciation method
Then it will affect the payment and accounting treatment of enterprise income tax.
Third, the impact of depreciation methods on enterprise income tax
(1) The depreciation method adopted by enterprise accounting meets the requirements of tax depreciation deduction.
1 1 The depreciation method adopted by enterprise accounting fully meets the requirements of tax depreciation deduction.
Unless the depreciation method adopted by enterprise accounting fully meets the requirements of tax treatment.
Fixed assets that meet the accelerated depreciation conditions stipulated in the provisional regulations on enterprise income tax
When the accelerated depreciation method is adopted, the rest of the fixed assets are depreciated by the straight-line method, so, in
Depreciation of fixed assets will be deducted when calculating the taxable income of enterprises. At this point, the root
According to the requirements of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.4-Income Tax, the book price of fixed assets
There is no difference between the value base and tax basis, so there is no need to confirm the relevant deferred revenue in accounting.
Tax liabilities or deferred income tax assets.
At the same time, when calculating taxable income, there is no depreciation, so there is no deduction.
Deduction items exist, and the enterprise does not belong to the period of enjoying preferential income tax policies,
There is no room for tax planning when calculating the payable enterprise income tax; On the contrary, if
Enterprises make profits during the period of reduction and exemption, and the accelerated depreciation method will make enterprises make profits.
Some profits are deducted as depreciation expenses, which fails to make this part of profits enjoy preferential treatment.
On the contrary, it increases the income tax burden of enterprises.
2 1 depreciation is accrued by the straight-line method in accounting, and it is added when filing tax returns.
Rapid depreciation method
The Provisional Regulations on Enterprise Income Tax defines the scope of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets.
Fixed assets that meet the requirements can be calculated by the declining balance method and the sum of years method.
Depreciation of fixed assets. If the enterprise accountant uses the straight-line method to accrue depreciation and declare tax.
When, in line with the "Provisional Regulations on Enterprise Income Tax" provisions of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets.
Product selection adopts accelerated depreciation method. According to the provisions of the income tax accounting standards, at this time,
The book value of fixed assets will be greater than that of tax basis, which should be recognized as taxable temporary in accounting.
The difference is included in deferred income tax liabilities.
At this time, when calculating the income tax payable by the enterprise, if the enterprise does not belong to the enjoyment income,
There is no room for tax planning during the period of preferential tax policies; If the enterprise is in the relief period
The accelerated depreciation method will increase the income tax burden of enterprises.
3 1 straight-line method is adopted in enterprise accounting to accrue depreciation, but it is not selected when filing tax returns.
modified accelerated cost recovery system
If the enterprise uses the straight-line method to accrue depreciation of fixed assets, check it when filing tax returns.
Fixed assets that meet the accelerated depreciation conditions do not choose the accelerated depreciation method, which will inevitably give up the opportunity to use accelerated depreciation for qualified fixed assets. In this case, the solid
There is no difference between the book value of fixed assets and that of tax basis. So accounting does not need to confirm.
Related deferred income tax liabilities or deferred income tax assets.
Although, no matter what depreciation method is adopted, the total depreciation of fixed assets is equal.
, that is, equal to the original price of fixed assets MINUS the estimated net residual value of fixed assets, but due to acceleration.
Depreciation method can be used in the prophase and anaphase of depreciation of fixed assets.
Depreciation is reduced, so that when calculating the taxable income of enterprises.
When the fixed assets are in the initial stage of use, the depreciation deducted is less than
A lot. Because of this, if enterprises do not enjoy income tax concessions,
During the period of preferential policy relief, the accelerated depreciation method will enable enterprises
The taxable income is reduced, which in turn reduces the taxable amount of enterprises.
Get taxes. Due to the time value of money, it was underpaid in the early stage.
Corporate income tax means less interest on funds because
And enterprises adopt accelerated depreciation method, which will reduce expenses.
Get out. Visible, if the enterprise does not belong to the income tax relief period, if
Abandoning the accelerated depreciation method is actually giving up enjoying the delay.
The time value of money brought by tax payment comes from enterprise income tax.
From the perspective of tax planning, it is unfavorable for enterprises to save money.
Of course, if the enterprise is profitable during the income tax relief period, it will be released.
Abandoning the accelerated depreciation method can increase the income tax deduction.
Free of total profits can reduce the burden of enterprise income tax.
Bear.
(two) the depreciation method adopted by the enterprise does not meet the requirements of tax depreciation deduction.
For those who do not meet the accelerated depreciation conditions of fixed assets in the Provisional Regulations on Enterprise Income Tax,
Fixed assets, if an enterprise uses the accelerated depreciation method to calculate the depreciation of fixed assets, it shall pay taxes.
Adjust. At this point, according to the provisions of the income tax accounting standards, the book value of fixed assets will
Less than tax basis, accounting should be recognized as deductible temporary differences, included in deferred revenue.
Tax assets.
Similarly, when calculating the income tax payable by an enterprise, if the enterprise has no right to obtain income,
There is no room for tax planning during the period of preferential tax policies; If the enterprise is in the relief period
The accelerated depreciation method will increase the income tax burden of enterprises.
Four. abstract
To sum up, using different depreciation methods, the accounting treatment of enterprise income tax and
Income tax payment will have a certain impact, which can be summarized as shown in table 1:
As can be seen from the table 1, due to the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and the Interim Provisions on Enterprise Income Tax,
Example "is inconsistent, enterprises will inevitably be affected when choosing depreciation methods.
Accounting treatment of income tax and tax planning of income tax. One of the goals of an enterprise is to maximize.
Therefore, the pursuit of profit conforms to the national accounting standards and tax laws and regulations.
Secondly, enterprises should reasonably choose the depreciation method of fixed assets to simplify accounting treatment and reduce
The purpose of light corporate tax burden.