brief introduction

Jiangmen City, which was formed in14th century, has a history of more than 600 years. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Wuyi area and the capital of the famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China.

Jiangmen City is named Jiangmen because it is located at the confluence of Xijiang River and its tributary-Pengjiang River, and Yandun Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River and Penglai Mountain in the north of the Yangtze River face each other like a door.

As early as the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368~ 1388), the market set was formed here. At the beginning of the 17th century, Jiangmen Market flourished because of commerce and trade, and gradually became a trade center in the Pearl River Delta, where most of the goods in the middle and lower reaches of the Xijiang River were distributed. 1904, Jiangmen was opened as a foreign trade port, and Jiangmen North Street Customs was established, which was one of the eight customs in Guangdong. Western modern industry and culture were also introduced and developed. 1925, Jiangmen was designated as a provincial city. 193 1 year revoked the municipal organizational system and returned to Xinhui county.

19491Jiangmen was liberated on October 23rd. 195 1 year 1 month Jiangmen was changed to a provincial city. Later, it was successively under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Central Administrative Office, Zhaoqing District and Foshan District. 1983, Jiangmen was designated as a prefecture-level city under the provincial jurisdiction, and a new system of city governing counties was implemented, with seven counties under its jurisdiction: Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping, Heshan, Yangjiang and Yangchun. 1988, Yangjiang and Yangchun were separated to set up Yangjiang City. From 1992 to 1994, five counties successively withdrew from counties to set up cities, which were managed by Jiangmen city. In September 2002, the county-level Xinhui City was abolished and Xinhui District of Jiangmen City was established. Xinhui District was under the jurisdiction of Huicheng Town, osawa Town, Si Qian Town, Shadui Town, Gujing Town, sanjiang town Town, Yamen Town, Shuangshui Town, Luokeng Town, Da 'ao Town and Muzhou Town of the former county-level Xinhui City, and the district people's government was stationed in Huicheng Town. Tangxia Town, Hetang Town and duruan Town of the former county-level Xinhui City were placed under the jurisdiction of Pengjiang District of Jiangmen City.

Jiangmen City now has jurisdiction over Pengjiang, Jianghai and Xinhui districts and four county-level cities, namely Taishan, Kaiping, Heshan and Enping. Its jurisdiction is commonly known as "Wuyi". * * * The same history, the same geographical popularity, and the influence of overseas on Wuyi make Jiangmen Wuyi show rich folk customs.

In 2008, the total urban built-up area of Jiangmen and its subordinate cities was 198.87 square kilometers, of which the urban built-up area of Jiangmen (Pengjiang, Jianghai and Xinhui) was 108.62 square kilometers.

The total resident population of the city is 4 10/00000, and the population density is 405 people/square kilometer. There are 52 ethnic groups in the population, of which the Han nationality accounts for 98.66% of the total population. Among the other 5/kloc-0 ethnic minorities, the Zhuang nationality has the largest population, accounting for 60% of the ethnic minority population. Wuyi dialect is a branch of Cantonese and the main dialect in Wuyi area.

Jiangmen Wuyi is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China, and has the reputation of "the first hometown of overseas Chinese in China". Overseas Chinese, Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, whose ancestral home is Jiangmen, have now reached 3.76 million, which are distributed in five states in the world 107 countries and regions. Among the overseas Chinese and Chinese of Wuyi nationality in Jiangmen, 20% are in Asia and 70% are in America.

In recent years, Jiangmen City has been drawing blueprints, continuously increasing investment in urban construction, and successively completed a number of major urban construction projects, including: Donghu Park, Donghu Square, Wuyi Overseas Chinese Square, Academician Road, Changdi Style Street, Busan Park, Yuhu Park, Sports Park, Celebrity Square, Gangzhou Square, etc. The city's functions have been further improved and the city's appearance has changed with each passing day.

When you arrive in Jiangmen, the most important thing to see is the watchtowers scattered in the countryside and among bamboo forests. In the vast green paddy fields, the winding river flows slowly, and there are watchtowers with different styles in the dense and tall bamboo forests. Each watchtower has a touching story ... Tracing the watchtower is like opening a picture of the hometown of overseas Chinese and entering the historical past.

In addition to watchtowers, Jiangmen landscape gardens abound. The latest eight scenic spots in Jiangmen's hometown of overseas Chinese are: the beautiful image of East Lake in Jiangmen East Lake Park, the birds of paradise in Tianma Village in Xinhui, the emerald peaks in Guifeng Mountain Scenic Area in Xinhui, the Chuan Dao style in Shangxiachuan Island seaside tourist area in Taishan, the dawn of Liyuan in Tangkou Town in Kaiping, the wonder of Diaolou in Kaiping, the hot spring wonderland in Enping and the Dayan Moutain Scenic Area in Heshan.

[Edit this paragraph] The historical background and reasons for the establishment of Jiangmen City

The city is for the countryside. According to the dictionary, cities, that is, areas with concentrated population, developed industry and commerce, and mainly non-agricultural residents, are usually the political, economic and cultural centers of surrounding areas. To study the formation and development of a city, its main contents include geographical location, natural conditions, economic and geographical conditions and historical development. 80 years ago, Jiangmen became a provincial city from a town because of its natural and economic geographical advantages.

1, superior natural geographical advantages, laid a good foundation for building the city.

Jiangmen is located in the south-central part of Guangdong Province, downstream of Xijiang River and west of Pearl River Delta. Xijiang River in the Pearl River system mainly originates from the water cave at the eastern foot of Maxiong Mountain in Guyi County, Yunnan Province, and flows through Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and four provinces from west to east. In countless years, a large amount of sediment rolled eastward in the upper reaches of Xijiang River and deposited in the calm water between countless islands at sea until a delta was formed, which was shaped like a replica of a human hand. With five fingers, one was Modaomen, the other was Niwan Gate, the other was Tiger Jumping Gate, the other was Cliff Gate and the other was Hengmen, firmly grasping the South China Sea of the Pacific Ocean. Jiangmen is especially in people's wrists, and it is said that five people in Xijiang River go to sea. Jiangmen, relying on the Xijiang River, can reach Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao in the upper part, and Zhaoqing, Wuzhou and Xinhui in Guangxi, Kaiping, Enping, Yangjiang, Shuidong, Dianbai, Leizhou, Lianjiang, Zhanjiang and Hainan Island in the lower part, making it a sleeping barrier in guangzhou fu and a transportation hub in Siyi and even western Guangdong. Therefore, Jiangmen has always been a battleground for military strategists. The North Street, which is located 3 kilometers northeast of Jiangmen, was built in the13rd century, on the banks of Xijiang River, and is the gateway of land and water transportation in Jiangmen. The river here is wide, the water level at the shore is deep, and it is suitable for ships with large tonnage to berth. It is a natural harbor with unique geographical conditions. It is precisely because Jiangmen has such natural and geographical advantages that it has become a coveted place for imperialism. 1860 After the Second Opium War, in order to strengthen the economic and cultural aggression against southern China, the imperialists opened more coastal and inland foreign trade ports and extended their magic hand to the Pearl River Delta. In the 23rd year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1685), Guangdong Customs was established, and a positive tax gate was set up in Jiangmen, commonly known as "Jiangmen Changguan". In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), Jiangmen became the first stop for loading and unloading passengers and goods in Xijiang, which was a branch under the jurisdiction of Sanshui. In the same year 10, Guangdong Customs set up an office in Jiangmen, which was the first time that Jiangmen was designated as a small entry point for people and goods by treaty, and Jiangmen became a waterway transportation hub and commodity circulation center for foreign trade of Xijiang South Road. In order to further turn Jiangmen, a commodity distribution market and an import and export commodity distribution market, into a transshipment port for import and export commodities, and as a "bridgehead" for overseas Chinese in Wuyi and other markets in central and western Guangdong, the British-led imperialism carried out economic aggression. On the fourth day of August of the 28th year of Guangxu reign (that is,1September 5, 902), the Qing government was forced to sign the Sino-British Treaty of Continuing Trade and Shipping (that is, the Ma Kai Treaty). 1On March 7th, 904, Jiangmen Customs was formally established, and Guangdong Customs classified Jiangmen and Ganzhu as Jiangmen Customs. The opening of the port and the establishment of Jiangmen Customs have promoted the development of land and water transportation, foreign trade and commerce in Jiangmen, expanded its radiation and influence on Wuyi and even western Guangdong, and thus accelerated the pace of Jiangmen's city construction.

2. The developed commodity economy has created favorable conditions for Jiangmen to build a city.

A city is the center of commodity economic activities in a region. In the society of commodity economy, it is difficult for a place to become a city only by administrative means, and it must be developed by commodity economy. Although Jiangmen is not close to the coast, it can go to sea through five gates, backed by Wuyi hometown of overseas Chinese, facing the province, Hong Kong and Macao, and can be called a treasure house for business.

Jiangmen's commodity economy sprouted in14th century. At that time, there was a small fair at the top of the fair in today's Pengjiang District. During the first, third and fifth fairs, farmers and fishermen from neighboring four townships brought their agricultural and sideline products and fish products here for sale or exchange. Later, the fair gradually expanded to the beach, and by the 6th century, it had developed into a rather lively commodity distribution center with "thousands of ships gathering on the riverside like ants". By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it was even more "merchants gathered and traded in the millions". All kinds of barns, fruit and vegetable barns, fish barns, pig barns, livestock barns and Chinese fir bamboo barns have been set up one after another, with retail and wholesale modes of operation, and goods are purchased and sold as far away as Guangzhou, Hainan, Zhanjiang and Yangjiang. Close to Xiangshan (now Zhongshan), Shunde, Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, Heshan and other counties, by the end of Qing Qianlong, Jiangmen had become a commercial and trade center in the western part of the Pearl River Delta, with restaurants, hotels and shops all over the streets, showing a prosperous business. In the 28th year of Guangxu (190), Jiangmen became a foreign trade port in Wuyi and even in western Guangdong, and its commerce and trade became more active, which can be seen from the Ten-year Report of Jiangmen Customs (1904 ~19) submitted by GReady, the fourth taxation department of Jiangmen Customs. In one paragraph of the report, it is described as follows: "Jiangmen connects all five human waterways in the Delta and has been an important trade center in this region for many centuries. The appearance of ships as a means of transportation has gradually declined the once-prosperous civilian ships. However, in Jiangmen, all kinds of ships are closely crowded in Jiangmen River, which may not be easy to see in other parts of China: navigation turbines are towering between people and ships; From Singapore and India, 300 ~ 400 tons of sailboats equipped with 6 ~12 anti-piracy heavy guns; Equipped with two steamboats with gun holes and bulletproof plates to protect the cockpit, dragging a huge passenger ship with bright paint and flamboyant flags to spray steam; Official salt ships, grain ships, civilian ships full of pottery or pigs, live ducks, fruits, eggs and silkworms; Boats and sampans with holes on both sides and flowing water tanks for loading live fish; Some are occupied by exiled lepers. The countless ships mentioned above have caused the Jiangmen River to be so crowded that it is very difficult for small boats to travel. Due to this frequent congestion,1on March 7, 904, when Jiangmen was opened as a foreign trade port, the customs office was located on the right bank of Xijiang River, 2 miles near the northeast entrance of the river (namely, North Street? Author's note), there is an excellent anchorage opposite it. Therefore, large-tonnage ships do not need to enter Hanoi, and passengers and goods are transported from the city to large ships by civilian ships or sampans. " At that time, cloth, sugar, rice, matches, petroleum products, western medicine and medical equipment, adult fish and seafood, hardware department stores, etc., imported from Hong Kong and Macao every year, flowed into the counties along the western edge of the Pearl River Delta through Jiangmen. The cut tobacco, tea, sunflower fans, silk, fresh fruit and summer cloth produced in neighboring counties are exported to other parts of the province and around the world through Jiangmen. Every year, the value of goods imported from Hong Kong and Macao and imported from and outside the province is 24.4 million yuan, while the value of goods exported and exported to and outside the province is 24.4 million yuan15.8 million yuan. At that time, Jiangmen was a town in Xinhui County, but because it was the hub of waterway transportation from Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping and Heshan Wuyi to Guangzhou, the provincial capital, and Hong Kong and Macao, and the North Street was a commercial port of all countries, Jiangmen was the place where the postal, electricity, road and air services of Wuyi were gathered. 1908 Tan Jian's "Many Local Records of Xinhui" commented on Jiangmen in this way: "If there is a network, there is a collar." After Jiangmen became a port, it set up water and land patrol police stations, telegraph offices, post offices and other institutions, and opened manual telegrams and land and water postal routes: merchants from Britain, the United States and Japan set up kerosene companies in Jiangmen, etc. 13, and churches from Britain, the United States and Canada also opened churches in Jiangmen one after another to preach and increase medical care. Jiangmen has gradually become a "miscellaneous place for Chinese and foreign businesses." By the end of Qing Dynasty, there were 27 shipping lines from Jiangmen to other places. In the early years of the Republic of China (19 12), Jiangmen became an important place for various factions to compete for troops because of its convenient transportation and developed commerce. The geographical location and business edge of Jiangmen Port have attracted overseas Chinese from Wuyi to come to do business, buy houses and introduce modern advanced technology. sunning railway goes straight to North Street, Jiangmen Paper Mill, Jiangmen Xinguang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Jiangmen Lingxin Telephone Co., Ltd. and Suichang Match Factory have been completed and put into operation, and Bank of China Jiangmen Branch and Guangdong Central Bank Jiangmen Branch have been established successively. By the mid-1920s, Jiangmen's economy had formed a scale, and its foreign trade, commercial services, communications, posts and telecommunications reached record highs. According to the statistics of Jiangmen Customs, in the Republic of China 12 (1923), there were 650,000 passengers entering and leaving Jiangmen Port, and the total value of import and export trade reached1778,000 customs. Among them, imports accounted for 84.78%. Cultural undertakings have changed under the impetus of economic development and the influence of western culture. Journalism, film and television entertainment, new schools and western medicine clinics (hospitals) have been gradually established from scratch. The commercial introduction of tobacco, gambling, prostitution and other underworld businesses in shopping malls has also flourished, and the underworld forces have gradually expanded. According to statistics, 192 1 year, the permanent and floating population of Jiangmen is * * * 70,000.

Because Jiangmen has the above-mentioned natural geographical and economic advantages, on August 6, 1925, it was decided by the 21st provincial meeting of Guangdong provincial government to build Jiangmen port into a province directly under the central government. The establishment of Jiangmen means that its political, military, economic and cultural status has been upgraded, and its influence and radiation on Wuyi hometown of overseas Chinese and even western Guangdong have been enhanced. Its performance is as follows:

First, the political and military positions are prominent. The establishment of Jiangmen coincided with the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the * * * production party, and Jiangmen gradually became the center of the workers and peasants movement in Jianghui District and Wuyi. The Kuomintang, the * * * production party and mass organizations used Jiangmen as a political platform to carry out various political activities. Warlords of various factions also sent troops to station, and regarded Jiangmen as the "bridgehead blade" of Wuyi after the market. On September 24th of the same year, Li Jishen, commander of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, led his troops to Jiangmen and set up a military office. In the same month, the preparatory office of Xinhui County Farmers Association held a county-wide farmers' congress in Jiangmen to implement the spirit of the first provincial farmers' congress, develop farmers' associations and establish farmers' self-defense forces; 1On February 9th, Xintai County Branch of Guangdong Women's Liberation Association was established in Jiangmen. 1in mid-March, 926, the 13th Division of the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army was stationed in Jiangmen; At the beginning of April, Jiangmen Student Union was established; On April 20th, the first congress of Jiangmen City was held, and the first executive committee and supervisory committee of the Kuomintang Party Department of Jiangmen City were elected. On July 1 1, the fourth area appeasement Committee was established in Jiangmen. 1927 1 month, the local working committee of the Fourth City of China (later changed to Wuyi District Committee) was established in Jiangmen; In the same month, the Xinhui County Committee of the Central Committee was established in Jiangmen; in March, the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army established the Wuyi Guerrilla Command in Jiangmen. Even after Jiangmen was abolished on February 26th, 193 1, its political status has not been weakened. On March 1 day, the government of Xinhui County moved from Huicheng to Jiangmen. The Jiangmen Party Department of the Kuomintang still maintained its original organizational system, and it was not changed to the district party department until 1934. After the "September 18th Incident", Jiangmen Businessmen's Economic Break-up Committee and sunning railway Federation of Trade Unions Anti-Japanese Association were established in Jiangmen to organize people to carry out anti-Japanese national salvation movement.

Second, the appearance of the city has changed rapidly. After Jiangmen was built, the city hall began to formulate urban construction plans and transform the appearance of the city. From 1927, a large-scale municipal construction will be carried out in the whole city, such as opening and expanding streets, building underground waterways, installing street lamps, building buildings, building long dikes and developing parks. The bungalows in Xinlong Street, Xinshi Street, Zenghua Street, Lianping Road, Xingning Road and Changdi have been demolished successively to widen the streets, and buildings with arcades on the ground floor for shops and on the upper floor for houses have been built: buildings with 4-6 floors have also been built on Chang 'an Road. 1928, the Municipal Promotion Committee was established, and more than 200,000 yuan of silver was raised by private donations to build a long embankment from Yulan (now Zhupaitou) to Juyuan intersection, with a total length of1.80km.. At the same time, Chang 'an Road and Diaotai Road were continued, and Taiping, Tangbu New City, Baoshan and other 13 roads were widened, with a total length of 3658. 54m. In the east of the business district, residential areas such as Renheli, Juehunli, Xingpingli and Taoyuanfang have been formed successively, and in the south bank of Jiangmen River, more residential areas such as Hongmenlou and Huaqingli 10 have been gradually formed. Most of the buildings in these residential areas are planned and relatively uniform, most of which are two floors, but also bungalows and a few three floors. At the beginning of February1Republic of China, after Jiangmen abolished the municipal organizational system, Xinhui county government agencies moved to Jiangmen, and built large-scale buildings, demolished houses and rectified roads. The county government set up the Xiang Office, and continued to build the Shazaiwei section of the long embankment in the form of cooperation between the government and the neighborhood. At the same time, it also built 33 roads such as laver, Zini, Zisha, Yangqiao, Xiangxi, Kuiwei, Canghou, Shangbu, Pumice, Zhendong, Zhuyi, Yong 'an, Xinhua, Juyuan, Langu and Xinye. The road width is generally 6 ~14 meters, with asphalt or concrete pavement. On the eve of liberation in 38 years of the Republic of China, there were 46 main streets in the town, with a total length of14.67 km, of which the total area of carriageway was128,900 square meters, mostly concrete pavement, but due to years of disrepair, the pavement was bumpy and the drainage was not smooth. After Jiangmen was established as a city, it was vigorously rectified, completely changing the old appearance of the original Jiangmen town and appearing in Wuyi area with a new image.

Third, the economy has leapt to a new level. After the city was established, Jiangmen's territory was expanded and its population suddenly increased. According to the statistics of 1930, Jiangmen had 15077 households with a population of 8 1874. The market is more prosperous, and it is known as "Little Macau". At that time, the transportation was developed, and a transportation network was formed, mainly by water, supplemented by railways and highways. Only six passenger ships sailed from Jiangmen to Hong Kong every day, and Jiangmen Port became the second largest inland river port in Guangdong Province after Guangzhou. In the early Republic of China, despite the political turmoil, Jiangmen's business was very prosperous. Especially after it became a provincial city, merchants from all over the country came in droves, and hawkers from four townships came in an endless stream. By 1932, there were 3,000 merchants in * *. Among them, there are more than 50 silks and fabrics, more than 60 stationery in department stores, 33 colorized hardware and electrical appliances, 50 sugar, tobacco, liquor and tea industries, 59 livestock slaughtering and roasting industries, 24 aquaculture industries and 7 wine and tea tourism industries. Due to the gathering of merchants and active trade, the financial industry is also booming. There are 5 public banks, 4 private commercial banks, more than 50 banks (banks) and 10 pawn shops and insurance agencies in the city, which handle financial business in Jiangmen, Xinhui, Gaoming, Heshan and Zhongshan respectively. The jurisdiction of Jiangmen Customs was extended to Guang Hai, Shiqi, Yangjiang, Yamen, Shuidong and Three Gorges Sea in ZI of the Republic of China. It is divided into five places: Dianbai, Bohe, Duhu, zhapo and Beijinkou. However, affected by the global economic crisis and Japanese invasion of China, the import and export trade gradually declined. By the 25th year of the Republic of China, the import and export trade had fallen to1973,900 USD. From1939 to1945, when the Japanese army occupied Jiangmen for seven years, everything was depressed. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, industrial and commercial industries gradually recovered and developed, and light industrial enterprises such as batteries, glass and sugar were successively set up, and domestic commercial import and export trade, financial insurance, cinema ballroom and casino prostitutes' village were booming. At that time, although Jiangmen was a small town of 30,000 people, there were no management institutions such as telecommunications bureau, post office, shipping bureau, commodity inspection bureau and overseas Chinese affairs bureau. Public banks such as Guangdong Bank, Agricultural Bank, China Bank, Bank of Communications, Postal Savings and Banking Bureau, and central cooperative bank still have branches in Jiangmen, opening 34 waterway passenger lines, 5 highway passenger lines, and also opening a seaplane passenger line in Suijiang, showing a prosperous scene. From the 37th year of the Republic of China to the eve of liberation, Jiangmen's economic development was severely restricted because the Kuomintang reactionaries lost their popular support politically and were on the verge of collapse economically. However, it was still a foreign trade port, a wholesale market, a transportation hub and a center for finance, post and telecommunications, and overseas Chinese affairs in central Guangdong, and its journalism, medical care, entertainment and cultural undertakings remained in the leading position.