There is a "scissors gap" between industry and agriculture. Towns and rural areas are naturally different due to historical reasons. This determines that the quality of urban residents is higher than that of rural farmers, which leads to the fact that urban residents are higher than rural farmers in survival competitiveness and living standards. Coupled with the dual structure system of ownership by the whole people and collective ownership under the planned economy, the "three major differences" and institutional differences have been formed. As a result, the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers and migrant workers have been formed. Apart from natural and historical reasons, the "three major differences" are mainly determined by planned economy and dual structure system. Therefore, the planned economy plus dual system is the fundamental reason for the formation of the "three rural issues".
Question 2: Analysis of the causes of the problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers Industrialization and urbanization are the fundamental ways to change the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas and coordinate urban and rural development, and are also important signs to measure the level of agricultural modernization. At present, the whole country has entered the development stage of promoting agriculture by industry and bringing rural areas by cities, entered the critical moment of accelerating the transformation of traditional agriculture and taking the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics, and entered an important period of trying to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas and form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. 1, scientific planning and rational layout. Adhere to the principle of "moderate scale, strengthen characteristics and functions", coordinate all kinds of resources in cities and towns, comprehensively deploy various constructions, coordinate the implementation of industrial, commercial, transportation, cultural, educational, housing, environmental protection and public infrastructure construction projects, improve urban functions, and enhance the ability of sustainable development. 2. Give full play to comparative advantages and do a good job in positioning urban characteristics. Adhere to local conditions, scientifically define urban functions, pay attention to the development of characteristic leading industries, and gradually form a number of small towns with distinctive characteristics such as marketization, tourism, processing and ecology, and strong radiation-driven ability. 3. Strengthen infrastructure construction with projects as the carrier. Focusing on the five key points of "road, water, electricity, medicine and learning", we will increase investment and constantly improve infrastructure to create good conditions for urban residents' production and life. 4. Adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to construction and management, and actively explore a new mechanism for the effective combination of construction and management of small towns. Through management according to law and comprehensive management, a new urban management system combining rule of law, socialization and democratization will be gradually established. Village-level collective economy is an important material basis for promoting rural economic and social development and realizing farmers' prosperity. To develop and strengthen the strength of village-level collective economy, the following ways can be taken: 1, to revitalize existing assets. To cultivate the growth point of village-level collective economy and open up new areas of development, we must first consider the accumulation of the original assets of the collective economy, and transform and expand its scale. Revitalize the idle stock assets, transform or renovate the original idle office buildings, factories, ancestral halls and abandoned schools, improve the utilization rate of stock assets, and cultivate stable and sustainable sources of income. Revitalize the "four barren" resources. The barren hills, barren waters, wasteland and wasteland contracted by the village collective can be led by the village collective, and farmers can participate in the development individually or jointly, establish agricultural bases, and increase the collective economic income through contracting out. Improve the efficiency of asset operation, and adopt public bidding to undertake professional contracting for operational and resource assets such as quarries, battlefields, tea gardens, economic forests and water surfaces. , by the village collective unified management or temporary contracting out, to maximize income, improve the efficiency of asset operation. 2. Improve the efficiency of land management. Land is the most important resource in rural collective assets. In the process of rural collectivization, it is necessary to comprehensively carry out the inventory of village-level land and housing assets, actively carry out the consolidation of homestead and agricultural land, increase the effective land area and expand the operating space of collective resources. In rural areas with certain conditions, village collectives can build standard factories, professional markets and storage facilities, carry out property leasing operations, and improve the efficiency of collective land management. 3. Vigorously develop the secondary and tertiary industries. Judging from all the wealthy villages in China, there is a strong collective economy, that is, village-run collective enterprises and tertiary industry. The development of secondary and tertiary industries is an important condition for rural areas to get rich first. After the collectivization of rural areas, after all, only a few people participate in collective labor, and most rural laborers need employment. To this end, on the one hand, the collective should encourage and guide some farmers with certain funds and skills to go out to work or do business, on the other hand, it should vigorously develop the secondary and tertiary industries, let farmers find jobs on the spot, and take the road of "both workers and peasants". 4. Increase support for village-level collective economy. * * * Finance at all levels should increase support for rural collective development of agricultural industrialization, mountain development, afforestation, ecological protection, comprehensive agricultural development, small watershed management and other financial funds, and should be combined with the development of village-level collective economy to improve the efficiency in the use of support funds. Projects such as barren hills (land) development and agricultural base construction with relatively weak collective economy, increased collective economic income and obvious driving effect can be subsidized according to a certain proportion of the actual investment of village-level collective economic organizations. Taxes on collective operating income, income distribution and project construction by financial, industrial and commercial and tax departments at all levels belong to the disposable part of local finance and can be exempted. Financial institutions at all levels should focus on supporting comprehensive agricultural development and agricultural industrialization, increase credit input to village collective economic organizations, and implement preferential interest rates. With the continuous strengthening of national financial resources, national policies began to tilt towards rural areas. Since 2004, * * * has released a series of ... >; & gt
Question 3: The root of China's "three rural issues" lies in national policies. How many years have passed since the development of New China, the construction of New China, and the architectural application in rural areas of New China? Don't always talk about education. You said that it is not easy to support a college student in the city, let alone in the countryside. The family has limited financial resources. If a college student supports one, it is almost all that an ordinary farmer has. But if he finishes college and doesn't support himself, can he compete with college students who grew up in the city? With a meager monthly income, can you afford rent, meals and transportation? Even if the state supports them to finish college, rural children are still at a loss, whether they have been crawling around the city or returning to the countryside to continue farming on barren land and engage in the work of their parents. China can learn from western countries how they handle the differences between urban and rural areas.
Question 4: What are the causes of the problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers and the significance of solving them? . ? Agriculture, countryside and people are the inevitable products of the transition from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization. After the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a series of high-level meetings and policy initiatives have outlined the outline of the new central collective leadership.
Question 5: Talk about the causes and solutions of the problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. The causes of the three rural issues mainly include the following reasons:
1, historical reasons. In modern China, the national strength declined and wars continued. After the founding of New China, agricultural production has been restored and developed, but it has also suffered some setbacks. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, agricultural production has developed again, but now it has encountered new problems. Agricultural development is a phased, historic and dynamic concept. There are new problems in the new stage.
2. Influenced by the urban-rural dual structure. Compared with city people, farmers in our country have fewer resources, such as educational resources and job opportunities, which means they are poorer.
3. In the process of economic development, although the basic position of agriculture has been paid attention to to to a certain extent, the support for development is not enough.
There are many factors that cause the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. You can download some academic articles and have a look. This problem has been thoroughly studied.
As for how to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers, the most important thing is to increase investment. Invest in talents, funds and equipment to realize agricultural modernization.
Question 6: The original text of "Buried Flowers" in A Dream of Red Mansions is full of flowers. Who has pity when the fragrance dies?
The gossamer floats in the spring pavilion, and the hair falls lightly and sticks to the embroidered curtain.
The boudoir daughter is heartbroken and has nowhere to tell.
Hoe the flowers out of the embroidered boudoir with your hands and endure stepping on the fallen flowers again and again?
Willow and elm pod come from wheat straw, whether it's peach floating or Li Fei,
Peaches and plums can be delivered next year. Who do you know in the boudoir next year?
The fragrant nest has been built in March, and Liang Zhongyan is too heartless.
Although you can peck flowers next year, it is impossible for people to go to an empty nest.
360 days a year, wind, knife, frost and sword are pressing hard,
How long can it be bright and fresh? Once wandering, it's hard to find.
Bloom is easy to see but hard to find, and flowers are buried in front of the steps.
I hoe flowers and shed tears alone, but I see blood stains on the branches above.
The cuckoo was silent at dusk, and the hoe returned to cover the door.
When the blue light shone on the wall, people began to sleep, but the window was not warm.
Complaining is double the pain? Half pity, half trouble,
Flow spring suddenly to bother, and to silence.
Last night, I sent a sad song outside the pavilion, knowing that it was a flower soul and a bird soul?
The soul of a flower and a bird is always hard to stay, and the bird is ashamed of itself without words.
May Nong have wings this day and fly to the end of the day with flowers.
The day is over! Where is Xiangshan?
If you don't collect beautiful bones, a pure land will shelter you from the wind.
It's better to be clean than trapped in a ditch.
I am going to die and be buried, but I don't know when Nong will die.
The man who buried the flowers is laughing today, but who did he know when he buried them?
Let's see the residual flowers of spring gradually falling, which is the time when beauty dies of old age.
No sad songs for me, I don't know what happened!
Bao Ge: I wonder how many tears I can have in my eyes. How can we prevent autumn from flowing into winter and spring from flowing into summer? ...
Question 7: Issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers (1) "Issues concerning agriculture" refers to issues related to agriculture. The problem of "agriculture" refers to the problem of food and agricultural industrialization. Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, and grain is the foundation of the foundation. The problem of food is very important. Now this problem has been basically solved since China's reform and opening-up, but this problem has one characteristic: it fluctuates with the country's agricultural policy. Industrialization refers to the large-scale and mechanized management of agriculture. There are more than 900 million farmers in China. If the rural population problem can't be solved, the industrialization problem can't be realized.
"Rural" problem refers to the rural household registration problem and other existing problems. Before the reform and opening up, the household registration problem was the product of our planned economy, which fixed farmers on the land and restricted the flow of farmers. One of my teachers once said that although he felt sad about fixing farmers on the land and then exploiting them, he was helpless because he could not move freely and had to endure the exploitation of others. Other existing problems, such as rural spiritual civilization construction, social security, etc.
The problem of "farmers" mainly refers to the problem of increasing farmers' income. Farmers' income has grown slowly, and food and clothing have been solved, but they have no money to purchase goods. What is even more frightening is that they have no money to treat diseases, improve their quality of life and have low cultural quality. What are the causes of the three rural issues? The problem of agriculture, countryside and farmers in China has a long history, but it has only attracted social attention in recent years, because people have increasingly realized that the problem of agriculture, countryside and farmers in China will seriously affect social stability and development. It is no exaggeration to say that if the "three rural issues" are not solved, there will be great social unrest, and it is impossible for China to realize modernization. It can be said that apart from corruption, several major problems in China, such as the disparity between the rich and the poor, employment, poverty, population, ecological environment and AIDS, are closely related to the "three rural issues". Although China has paid more attention to the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers than in the past, it is far from enough, and for some unknown reasons, all experts and scholars have never mentioned the root of the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers-low agricultural labor productivity. So many experts and scholars have said so many very reasonable words, but no one has clearly pointed out that the root of the "three rural issues" in China is the low agricultural labor productivity. I didn't see the word "agricultural labor productivity" in the articles, documents and decisions about "agriculture, countryside and farmers" in China. Why?
One of the phenomena that impressed me most when I went to the United States was that the gap between China and the United States was not big, and the biggest gap was in rural areas and agriculture. There are only farmers and agricultural workers in the United States, and there are no farmers as we thought. In other words, the gap between China and the United States in agricultural labor productivity is the biggest. It is reported that the average living standard of farmers in some western European countries is higher than that of workers in Shi Ding, and the cars driven by farmers are often high-end cars. On the other hand, in many rural areas of our country, the agricultural tools used are no different from the cultural relics unearthed more than 2000 years ago. Many rural areas in our country still regard manpower and animal power as the main driving forces of agricultural production. However, the labor productivity of workers in China may be dozens or even hundreds times higher than that of more than 2,000 years ago. Therefore, it can be said that it is impossible to solve the "three rural issues" in China without greatly improving the agricultural labor productivity in China. China's "three rural issues" cannot be solved. China's modernization and long-term social stability can only be the eternal good wishes of China people. Because our senior officials, intellectuals and people who hold public opinion all live in cities, they lack personal experience and specific understanding of farmers and rural areas. Therefore, they are relatively poor in the seriousness of the "three rural issues" in China and their enthusiasm for solving them, thus forming "oral agriculture" which has long been said that agriculture is important, but measures are always not implemented. I think the peasant brothers can never solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers in China by themselves, and the whole country must really pay attention to solving the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. Urban people in different positions are concerned about agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and try their best to solve these problems. They have money, strength, knowledge and skills to teach farmers, especially leading cadres at all levels who are not in charge of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. For example, the employment and training of migrant workers, the schooling of children, and the transformation of agricultural population into urban hukou are all things that urban management leaders should consider. The reason why I, a city dweller, pay attention to "agriculture, countryside and farmers" is because I know that the interests of farmers can't be taken care of, and the interests of city dwellers can't be guaranteed after all. The main reasons for the low agricultural labor productivity in China are:
1), average ownership of farmers ... >>
Question 8: When was the issue of agriculture, countryside and farmers raised in China? The issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers are the general names of rural issues, farmers' issues and agricultural issues. Since 1996, agriculture has entered a difficult period, and the gap between farmers' income and urban residents' income has widened. In March 2000, Li Changping, then secretary of the Party Committee of Pan Qi Township, Jianli County, Hubei Province, listed the shocking crisis in rural areas in his letter to the Prime Minister: vagrancy is like a flood, the burden is like Mount Tai, debt is like Mount Everest, cadres are like locusts, responsibilities are like shackles, policies are like lies, and lies are like truth. Li Changping's petition shook the whole country through the media, and the "three rural" crisis was exposed to the public. Why the "three rural issues" have become the focus of people's attention and affect social stability. According to the sampling survey of 1 1 ministries and commissions such as the National Bureau of Statistics, there are 16 internal organs of the party and government in each township, with an average of 158 staff, 2-3 times more than the normal establishment. On average, each township has 19 subordinate units with more than 290 employees. The serious overcrowding of the dining crowd has brought heavy pressure to farmers, and some institutions are heavily in debt and cannot make ends meet. This financial situation is one of the root causes of excessive rural fees. In addition, according to the report of the National Bureau of Statistics, the Gini coefficient in rural areas has expanded from 0.2 124 in 1978 to 0.336 1, which is much faster than that in cities (0. 16-0.295). Whether we can achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in 20 10 depends on whether we can solve the "three rural issues" well. Since the late 1980s, with the deterioration of rural development, the time and scale of farmers' resistance have gradually increased, and the forms of resistance have gradually escalated and become violent. If the "three rural issues" are not solved, it will not be conducive to social stability in the long run; In the short term, it is not conducive to the sustained and stable development of the national economy. According to estimates, China's land only needs 654.38+billion agricultural laborers at most, but at present there are about 550 million rural laborers, and there are nearly 300 million surplus laborers to absorb 654.38+200 million. According to the current population growth rate and the labor opportunities provided, China will still face a serious labor surplus at least 40 years later. Many rural laborers can't digest it and have to move to cities and towns. How to solve the employment problem of 300 million people has become a huge problem in China's economic development. How to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers? Scholars have been arguing endlessly about the causes of the three rural issues, and it is difficult to form a complete and unified view, because each view is both convincing and has its own "dead hole" that is difficult to answer. However, scholars have the same understanding of the importance of the "three rural issues", that is, the so-called "three rural issues" are actually farmers' issues, while China's issues are basically farmers' issues. Xu Hongyuan, deputy director of the Economic Development Department of the National Urbanization Information Center, believes that the most fundamental way to solve the "three rural issues" lies in urbanization, creating effective jobs and transferring labor to manufacturing and service industries. The key is to improve the manufacturing efficiency. Judging from the development process of foreign countries, urbanization is driven by modernization, which ultimately solves rural problems. Xu Hongyuan also pointed out that the household registration reform of liberalizing urban household registration in big cities is only a temporary solution, not a permanent cure. After the liberalization of urban hukou, farmers have only changed from potential unemployed people in rural areas to urban refugees, which has caused greater harm to society. India and Mexico have such precedents. It is also important to treat the symptoms, but in the long run, it is still necessary to cure the problem. Compared with urban residents, farmers are completely different in political rights and economic treatment. A rural resident, whether he is just born or 100 years old, has to pay taxes and fees. In addition, the implementation of a series of rights such as compulsory education, social insurance and medical care also needs to be improved. Li Yining, a famous tax reduction economist, pointed out that the agricultural tax and specialty tax in China add up to about 40 billion yuan, while the annual tax in China is about 1 trillion yuan, which can completely exempt tens of billions of agricultural taxes. In the future, the problem of changing rural fees into taxes mainly depends on perfecting the system, and the rural education and funds involved in reducing farmers' burden should also be properly solved. Li Yining also believes that to increase farmers' income, we must first increase investment. Mainly manifested in four aspects: first, the construction of improved seed bases; The second is the investment in farmland water conservancy; The third is the popularization of agricultural scientific and technological achievements; The fourth is technical training for farmers. Secondly, we should develop advantageous industries, such as vegetables, fruits, flowers, tea, Chinese herbal medicines and aquaculture. All localities can actively implement the "company+farmer" model, so that farmers can make production according to orders with peace of mind ... >>
Question 9: What is the root of the "three rural issues" in China? Planned economy plus dual system is the root of the problem of agriculture, countryside and farmers.
There is a "scissors gap" between industry and agriculture. Towns and rural areas are naturally different due to historical reasons. This determines that the quality of urban residents is higher than that of rural farmers, which leads to the fact that urban residents are higher than rural farmers in survival competitiveness and living standards. Coupled with the dual structure system of ownership by the whole people and collective ownership under the planned economy, the "three major differences" and institutional differences have been formed. As a result, the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers and migrant workers have been formed. Apart from natural and historical reasons, the "three major differences" are mainly determined by planned economy and dual structure system. Therefore, the planned economy plus dual system is the fundamental reason for the formation of the "three rural issues".
Question 10: analysis of the causes of the three rural issues. Industrialization and urbanization are the fundamental ways to change the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas and coordinate urban and rural development, and are also important signs to measure the level of agricultural modernization. At present, the whole country has entered the development stage of promoting agriculture by industry and bringing rural areas by cities, entered the critical moment of accelerating the transformation of traditional agriculture and taking the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics, and entered an important period of trying to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas and form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. 1, scientific planning and rational layout. Adhere to the principle of "moderate scale, strengthen characteristics and functions", coordinate all kinds of resources in cities and towns, comprehensively deploy various constructions, coordinate the implementation of industrial, commercial, transportation, cultural, educational, housing, environmental protection and public infrastructure construction projects, improve urban functions, and enhance the ability of sustainable development. 2. Give full play to comparative advantages and do a good job in positioning urban characteristics. Adhere to local conditions, scientifically define urban functions, pay attention to the development of characteristic leading industries, and gradually form a number of small towns with distinctive characteristics such as marketization, tourism, processing and ecology, and strong radiation-driven ability. 3. Strengthen infrastructure construction with projects as the carrier. Focusing on the five key points of "road, water, electricity, medicine and learning", we will increase investment and constantly improve infrastructure to create good conditions for urban residents' production and life. 4. Adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to construction and management, and actively explore a new mechanism for the effective combination of construction and management of small towns. Through management according to law and comprehensive management, a new urban management system combining rule of law, socialization and democratization will be gradually established. Village-level collective economy is an important material basis for promoting rural economic and social development and realizing farmers' prosperity. To develop and strengthen the strength of village-level collective economy, the following ways can be taken: 1, to revitalize existing assets. To cultivate the growth point of village-level collective economy and open up new areas of development, we must first consider the accumulation of the original assets of the collective economy, and transform and expand its scale. Revitalize the idle stock assets, transform or renovate the original idle office buildings, factories, ancestral halls and abandoned schools, improve the utilization rate of stock assets, and cultivate stable and sustainable sources of income. Revitalize the "four barren" resources. The barren hills, barren waters, wasteland and wasteland contracted by the village collective can be led by the village collective, and farmers can participate in the development individually or jointly, establish agricultural bases, and increase the collective economic income through contracting out. Improve the efficiency of asset operation, and adopt public bidding to undertake professional contracting for operational and resource assets such as quarries, battlefields, tea gardens, economic forests and water surfaces. , by the village collective unified management or temporary contracting out, to maximize income, improve the efficiency of asset operation. 2. Improve the efficiency of land management. Land is the most important resource in rural collective assets. In the process of rural collectivization, it is necessary to comprehensively carry out the inventory of village-level land and housing assets, actively carry out the consolidation of homestead and agricultural land, increase the effective land area and expand the operating space of collective resources. In rural areas with certain conditions, village collectives can build standard factories, professional markets and storage facilities, carry out property leasing operations, and improve the efficiency of collective land management. 3. Vigorously develop the secondary and tertiary industries. Judging from all the wealthy villages in China, there is a strong collective economy, that is, village-run collective enterprises and tertiary industry. The development of secondary and tertiary industries is an important condition for rural areas to get rich first. After the collectivization of rural areas, after all, only a few people participate in collective labor, and most rural laborers need employment. To this end, on the one hand, the collective should encourage and guide some farmers with certain funds and skills to go out to work or do business, on the other hand, it should vigorously develop the secondary and tertiary industries, let farmers find jobs on the spot, and take the road of "both workers and peasants". 4. Increase support for village-level collective economy. * * * Finance at all levels should increase support for rural collective development of agricultural industrialization, mountain development, afforestation, ecological protection, comprehensive agricultural development, small watershed management and other financial funds, and should be combined with the development of village-level collective economy to improve the efficiency in the use of support funds. Projects such as barren hills (land) development and agricultural base construction with relatively weak collective economy, increased collective economic income and obvious driving effect can be subsidized according to a certain proportion of the actual investment of village-level collective economic organizations. Taxes on collective operating income, income distribution and project construction by financial, industrial and commercial and tax departments at all levels belong to the disposable part of local finance and can be exempted. Financial institutions at all levels should focus on supporting comprehensive agricultural development and agricultural industrialization, increase credit input to village collective economic organizations, and implement preferential interest rates. With the continuous strengthening of national financial resources, national policies began to tilt towards rural areas. Since 2004, * * * has released a series of ... >; & gt