With the regional imbalance of economic and social development, college students' employment gradually presents the employment mentality of "being superior to others" and the employment orientation of "driving the east away from the west", which leads to the increasingly serious unemployment and related social problems. The improvement of college students' employment problem is not only closely related to the improvement of China's economic growth level, the improvement of economic system reform and the coordinated development of regional economy, but also depends on the change of college graduates' personal employment concept. (Pan Guohui)

With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for accounting professionals in the talent market has been on the rise. The supply and demand of accounting professionals are booming, and graduates have a wide range of employment and good prospects. The salary is generous, the salary of junior staff is generally around 1200 yuan, and that of college graduates is basically around 1000.

Due to the impact of the economic crisis, it is difficult for enterprises to sell, the capital turnover is not smooth, and a large number of enterprises stop production, thus further increasing the number of unemployed people and reducing the income expectation of employees. As a result, enterprises have shrunk dramatically, and the demand for college graduates has also dropped sharply. Every year, from 1 1 month, the employment of college graduates has entered a critical period. Affected by the financial crisis this year, the employment prospects of college graduates in 2009 have become confusing. In the third quarter, compared with the same period of last year, the employment demand of enterprises decreased, and students majoring in finance and economics, especially international economy and trade, and business administration, were greatly affected by the financial crisis. In 2009, the employment rate of accounting profession dropped significantly compared with last year, which shows the urgency of accounting employment! The salary of accountants has dropped to the bottom of the lake, basically around 800 yuan, and the competition is great.

The economy, which was hit by the financial crisis before, has gradually recovered. At this time, the economy will grow, various enterprises will slowly enter the track, and new enterprises will emerge constantly. At this time, the demand for talents by enterprises will soar and the employment situation will be alleviated. The profession of accounting is what every enterprise needs. With the recovery and growth of enterprises, I believe that the employment situation of accounting will improve.

Employment situation of contemporary college students:

According to the statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, there will be 6 10/00000 college graduates nationwide in 2009. Together with the unemployed graduates who graduated last year, a total of about 7 10/000000 people need employment. By the end of May, the employment rate of college graduates nationwide was 45%, down by three percentage points compared with the same period of last year, and the employment situation of college students was very grim. According to the employment tracking survey of 2009 college students jointly released by Max-Tencent on July 1 Day, as of the end of June, the signing rate of undergraduate graduates was 40%, and that of higher vocational school graduates was 33%, which was significantly lower than the same period last year. On June 10, the 2009 China University Students < Employment report > "officially released.

According to the report's investigation on the employment flow of college graduates, the employment rate of college graduates in 2008 is about 86% after half a year, which is 2 percentage points lower than that of college graduates in 2007 after half a year. Higher vocational colleges are the same as last year, still at 84%.

According to the Employment Report, the major categories with the highest employment rate of undergraduate graduates in 2008 after half a year are engineering and management, the worst is law and philosophy, the highest employment rate in higher vocational colleges is resource development and surveying and mapping, and the worst is tourism and cultural management.

At present, the number of unemployed undergraduates in the ten undergraduate majors who are still unemployed half a year after graduation in 2008 is107500, accounting for 35.9% of the total number of unemployed undergraduates. Among them, eight majors are also the majors with the largest number of unemployed graduates in 2007: law, computer science and technology, English, international economy and trade, business administration, Chinese language and literature, electronic information engineering and accounting.

For the graduates of higher vocational colleges with the same employment rate, there is also the problem of setting up disciplines and majors. According to the Employment Report, the ten majors with the largest number of unemployed after graduation for half a year account for 34.2% of the total unemployment. Among them, seven majors have the largest number of unemployed graduates in 2007: computer application technology, mechatronics technology, e-commerce, computerized accounting, logistics management, computer network technology and business English.

For college students' employment, the most critical factor is "structural". These factors include short-term oversupply, regional preference, lack of employability and so on, among which solving the problem of insufficient employability will be the fundamental to effectively solve the employment of college students.

In terms of time structure, the excessive supply growth of college graduates exceeds the growth of demand in a short period of time, and the labor market needs time to adjust gradually. In recent years, China's economy has been growing rapidly, especially the accelerated upgrading of economic structure, which has driven the strong demand for college graduates with high human capital stock, thus promoting the rapid development of higher education. In China, only 5% of the employed people have all kinds of college education, while 25%-30% in industrialized countries. Therefore, the need to speed up the improvement of national quality has greatly promoted the rapid development of higher education. The problem is that the supply of college graduates is growing much faster than the economic growth, and more and more college students are looking for jobs. The labor market needs some time to gradually digest the oversupply of college graduates in the short term.

On the regional structure, the mismatch between the preference difference of college graduates' employment regional choice and the government's policy incentives leads to insufficient actual effective demand. Due to the differences between regions and urban and rural areas in China's economic development, it is difficult for economically underdeveloped regions, especially the western region, to form effective demand for college students, and in a long period of time, it will be difficult to change the situation of insufficient regional effective demand, which is an unfavorable factor for expanding the market demand of college graduates.

There are also many problems among college graduates themselves: first, the problem of honesty. Many graduates find that having certain certificates, diplomas and resumes when applying for jobs can bring convenience to finding jobs. Some college students strive to obtain relevant certificates during their college years by virtue of hard work, while those who are not hard-working cheat the initial trust of enterprises through opportunism or fraud, which causes certain damage to the overall image of college graduates. Second, the overall quality of college students has a downward trend. Due to the expansion of enrollment in public colleges and universities in recent years, coupled with the rapid increase of private colleges and universities, the enrollment scale is expanding and the enrollment scores are decreasing. In addition, many college students are not serious in college study, poor in practical ability and lack of practical experience, and the overall quality of college students has a downward trend. Third, college students' own positioning is biased. Everyone wants to find a unit with high income and good treatment. Due to the imbalance of economic development in different regions of China, there is a big gap between the eastern and western regions, coastal areas and the mainland. When college graduates choose employment areas, they are excessively concentrated in hot spots such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, which has caused obvious increase in employment pressure in these areas. At the same time, college students' psychological orientation of "not being high, not being low" seriously affects employment. According to the report of Zhongxin. com (July 23, 2004), it was the hardest for undergraduates to find jobs in the second quarter of 2004. The job applicants with junior high school education or below, senior high school education, junior college education, undergraduate education, master education or above are 0.96, 0.92, 0.9 1, 0.87, 1.42 respectively. That is, 100 junior high school students compete for 96 positions, while 100 undergraduate students only have 87 positions to compete for. One of the most important reasons for the difficulty in finding employment in this science is the psychological state of "at present, undergraduates are unable to get high and fail to get low". Fourth, the way to find a job is not accurate. Many college students cast a wide net by participating in various talent exchange meetings, or hope to win a "golden rice bowl" through acquaintances, who are not good at "selling" themselves and have no practical advantages for themselves, so as to improve the employment rate by focusing on understanding the actual needs of employers.

The employment situation of college graduates has the following characteristics:

1. The gap between jobs and the number of graduates is too large.

As we all know, the purpose of graduating from college is to find a good job, but why does the employment problem of college students always bother everyone? From an economic point of view, it is oversupply. The number of college students who graduate every year is much more than what the society needs. Moreover, this gap is still increasing year by year. Relevant data show that from 200 1 year to 2006, the number of college graduates nationwide increased from1140,000 to 4130,000, four times that before the enrollment expansion; However, the proportion of the increase in employment positions is far less than this. This is also a direct reason for the employment difficulties of college graduates, and I believe this is also recognized by the society.

2. There is a surplus of hot professionals.

A few years ago, several popular majors appeared, such as computer, civil engineering and so on. Undeniably, these majors are still popular and still the focus of society. As a result, many candidates have applied for these majors. Most people think so: since it is a popular major, there is a great demand in society, and it is naturally easy to find a job. This is true, but when all people think so, there will be oversupply. Although the demand is large, there are more talents studying these aspects, which has exceeded saturation. This is what people usually call clustering. This is also an important reason why graduates of popular majors can't find jobs.

3. The salary doesn't match your own hope.

Many college graduates, especially those from famous schools, just graduated and entered the society, and they think they are superior, hoping that their salary will be higher than the social reality. Thus dismissing the relatively low salaries of some enterprises. In fact, it's like a soldier fighting. Generals who can lead troops to win the battle may not have received any good education, but through practice, they can lead troops to make a beautiful stop; And those generals who have learned from school may not have that ability. Because they only look at the war through theory, they rarely put it into practice, and they are just on paper. When they really want to go to the battlefield, some things are different from those on paper. Therefore, even students who graduated from prestigious schools can't be self-righteous, and some things are not as imagined. Therefore, you can't expect too much. Nowadays, the salary expectation of college students has generally declined, and some even reach only 800 yuan, but this is only a small part after all, and the expectation of most graduates is still higher than the social reality level. This is what people often say: "If it is high, it will be low." "low is not enough" in the book.

4. All enterprises are critical in selecting candidates.

While it is difficult for college graduates to find jobs, it is also common for employers to find materials. Although many enterprises know that the pillars and backbones of their companies are college students, and the development of enterprises cannot be separated from college students, they basically don't want fresh college students every year. This will be a problem worthy of consideration for fresh college students, and enterprises will not refuse fresh graduates for no reason.

Causes of employment difficulties of college graduates

1. The social competition is fierce.

China is the most populous country in the world,1300 million, which is unimaginable. Therefore, there is no guarantee that everyone will have their own jobs and posts. In other words, the ability of society to absorb college graduates is gradually decreasing. However, the number of college graduates is increasing gradually, and the increasing trend is far greater than the decreasing trend. With the reform of government institutions and the diversion of personnel, state-owned enterprises have deepened their system reform and simplified administration. Although the number of private enterprises has been increasing, there are few jobs, which cannot fundamentally solve the problem. In addition, with the continuous expansion of enrollment scale, colleges and universities are expanding enrollment every year, and the number of graduates is more than one year, which causes the contradiction between the overall social demand for graduates and the actual number of graduates, and the competition for graduates to find jobs and choose jobs is intensified. In two or three years, the number of our graduates will increase exponentially, and together with the unemployed graduates who were not employed in previous years, this will be a huge data, which will bring a severe test to employment.

2. Cluster phenomenon

The phenomenon of professional cluster has been told to you above. Let's talk about the problem of cluster of employment units and cluster of regions. Most graduates regard foreign companies with high salaries as their first choice for employment. According to relevant data, the percentage of graduates in 2006 who regard foreign companies as their first choice for employment is as high as 29.85%, nearly one third. In fact, foreign companies are not the most important force to accommodate college graduates. In addition, there are 15.2% college graduates who regard government agencies as the first choice for employment units, which makes more and more people apply for civil servants, and the "civil servant fever" continues to heat up. Because Beijing, Shanghai and other regions are relatively developed, people usually think that there will be many employment opportunities there. Therefore, a considerable number of graduate employment areas choose such areas first, thus forming the phenomenon of regional clustering. Relatively underdeveloped areas, such as northwest China and Tibet, are not so popular. In fact, these underdeveloped areas need talents most to build and develop.

3. Other reasons

In addition to the above two reasons, there are many factors that affect the employment of college students, such as gender. Relevant data show that the employment rate of female graduates is 6.4% lower than that of male graduates. Also, the difference between urban and rural areas. It is reported that the employment rate of rural graduates is lower than that of urban graduates 10.09%.

The employer requires to improve:

1. Requirements: 9% for graduate students, 47% for undergraduate students, and 43% for junior college or below.

2. Job hunting: 6% for graduate students, 44% for undergraduate students, and 50% for junior college or below.

3. Job demand ratio: graduate student1.5:1; College and below 2.6:1

The employment direction and problems of accounting graduates;

Generally speaking, the employment direction of accounting graduates is the financial departments of various enterprises, national finance, tax departments, accountants, auditors, asset appraisal firms, etc. However, the demand of government departments for fresh graduates is limited every year, so the main employment path of accounting graduates is still enterprises. Like science and engineering or science majors. The specialty of accounting is very strong, and it is unlikely that it will be "run" by other majors like secretarial and other pure liberal arts majors. So, what is the reason why accounting graduates also have to face the problem of employment difficulties?

First of all, many enterprises are unwilling to accept fresh graduates, which is more obvious in the recruitment of accounting majors. The recruitment bottom line of many units is junior accountants. Even if employers hire you, they need to further study and accept the observation of enterprises. They can't become an accountant at the beginning. Many people start from the initial cashier, with a low starting point and low salary. Secondly, like other majors, employment difficulty is the inevitable result of university enrollment expansion. According to relevant surveys, majors such as computer science, secretarial science and accounting are both in demand and supply. Even so, the supply in the talent market is still far greater than the demand. Therefore, except for a few majors, the difficulty in finding employment is now the same problem for most college students, not whether a major is unique. Third, compared with foreign enterprises, China's financial department is not in a very high position in enterprises. In foreign countries, the chief financial officer of a company is called CFO, which plays an important role in decision-making like CEO. In China, except for some large enterprises with complete financial institutions, the financial departments of some small-scale enterprises are only one or two cashiers and accountants. Some small companies don't even have full-time accountants, and there is a phenomenon that administrators and accountants work together. This is mainly because many enterprises do not realize the importance of the accounting department in the company's operation, and think that financial personnel only collect money and manage it. Backward ideas also have a certain impact on the employment of financial graduates.

Because there are many reasons for the employment problem of college students, it is a systematic project to effectively solve the employment problem of college students, which requires the joint efforts of employers, college students, universities and society. However, in the final analysis, college students themselves are the main reason. Therefore, I think that we contemporary college students need to do the following work:

First, strive to improve their comprehensive quality, including quality and ability. Contemporary college students must have the character of integrating their career with national progress, social development and human civilization, advocate truth, goodness and beauty, adhere to truth, have a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility, have good professional ethics, and establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. College students should strive for extensive knowledge, reasonable knowledge structure, scientific and cultural literacy, innovative spirit, random and flexible way of thinking, so that it varies from person to person, from time to time and from thing to thing. Have a good psychological quality, face more intense social competition, can regard change as an opportunity, regard difficulties as a smooth road, have tenacious self-control, firm belief, and be full of expectations and enthusiasm for life. At the same time, it is necessary to have good physical fitness. Poor health will weaken the decision-making ability of talents, because if physical strength and endurance are needed to achieve the goal, a person may give up because of physical exhaustion. In addition to quality, it is also necessary to pay attention to the cultivation of ability, which is the external expression of a person's quality and the part that plays a direct role in society. At present, college students in society must cultivate themselves as much as possible, such as the ability to deal with information, interpersonal relationships, things systematically, good people and resources, and the ability to use technology.

Second, strengthen social practice. College students can take an active part in social practice during their holidays, combine their theoretical knowledge with practical work, improve their ability to deal with practical problems and accumulate work experience.

Third, correct employment orientation. At present, college students should face the reality, update their ideas and change their thinking according to the actual market situation, and work in the position that suits them best, instead of paying too much attention to salary level and geographical location. Only in this way can they give full play to their intelligence and finally realize the value of life.

Fourth, seize employment opportunities through various channels. At present, college students can find suitable jobs through talent exchange and network resources, actively and boldly promote their true talents, and cherish and seize hard-won employment opportunities.

Fifth, get employment before choosing a job. Faced with the grim employment situation, college students should change their employment outlook when they have to, that is, find jobs first and then choose jobs. They can't pursue one step at a time as they did in the past. If they haggle over whether the current professional post is ideal or not, they will lose many opportunities to start, and they can accumulate work experience in the previous employment process, so that their self-worth can be greatly improved and lay the foundation for finding an ideal job in the future.

Although the current employment situation is generally not optimistic, we should have full confidence in ourselves. After all, there are differences among individuals in employment, and at the same time, it is absolutely no problem to improve their comprehensive quality and find a good job by themselves.

College students must recognize and accept this fact in their employment, and don't be too fat to lose weight, so as to avoid falling into the embarrassing situation of being too high and too low. Because the accountants in a regular unit have to deal with all departments at the top and bottom of the unit, good learning ability and adaptability determine whether you can adapt to the job quickly.

Contemporary college students are very lucky, because they are faced with the best opportunity in a hundred years. China will become a rich and powerful world power in their generation, so there is a broader world for them to display their ambitions. But at the same time of historical opportunities, contemporary college students are also facing unprecedented challenges; Every college student will face the competitive pressure brought by the faster and faster social development. Competition has promoted social development and demonstrated the vitality of society; Competition is survival of the fittest.

In the face of this highly competitive society, we have to change with constancy. Opportunities will only care for those who are prepared. As long as we are fully prepared, we can solve all difficulties.