1, why haven't most people heard of trust?
Because the trust has a deposit line, compared with banks, it is equivalent to raising the threshold. The starting point of most trust financing is 3 million yuan, and a few are 1 10,000 yuan, so it is only for high-net-worth customers and must be qualified investors.
Now there are more and more rich people, and trusts are widely used. If you are lucky enough to be invited to learn about trust, to some extent, congratulations, which shows that you are on the way to the middle class in China.
There are only 20,000 employees in the entire trust industry, and most of the trust companies are concentrated in the first-tier cities of Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. With the progress of society, people in second-and third-tier cities are getting richer and richer, and trust outlets are also opening to second-and third-tier cities. However, there are only 68 national trust licenses, and it is clearly stipulated that no new licenses will be issued after 2006, so it is really incomparable compared with the dazzling array of bank outlets.
2. What is the difference between a trust and a bank?
The premise of operating banks and trusts must be state permission; They are all led and supervised by the People's Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission; Basically, they are all state-owned enterprises. They are controlled by the state behind them and obey the party's command. They must operate legally and abide by laws, banking laws and trust laws.
A trust is very similar to a bank. While lending, banks also pull deposits. Trust is lending while pulling deposits.
Let's talk about banks first. Ordinary people first deposit money in the bank to earn deposit interest, and then the bank lends money to some high-quality projects and collects loan interest.
As for the trust, it is that the trust first looks for high-quality projects, talks about the loan amount and loan interest, and then goes to the private sector to pull the corresponding amount of deposits, but not in the form of deposits, but in the form of buying wealth management.
Ordinary people can open a card and deposit money at any time in the bank, and they can deposit a penny. Trust companies must raise funds in the form of issuing wealth management, and each product with less than 3 million can only have 50 places, and there is no limit to more than 3 million. In the early days, most people didn't have that much money. Many trust financing were purchased by enterprises, listed companies, banks, insurance companies and social security.
In terms of lending, at present, only bank licenses and trust licenses can issue loans.
3. Four financial pillars
Banking, trust, securities and insurance are the four pillars of China's finance. These four types of financial licenses are issued by China Banking Regulatory Commission and China Securities Regulatory Commission in China, and also need the approval of the State Council.
After 2008, the trust industry has developed rapidly, with an annual growth of one trillion yuan. In the first quarter of 20 19, it surpassed the curve with a scale of 22.54 trillion yuan and became the second pillar of China's financial industry after bank financing.
At present, the number and scale of these four types of financial institutions are as follows:
Banks: about 4,500, with total assets of about 280 trillion;
Trust: about 68, with total assets of about 22 trillion;
Insurance: about 200, with total assets of about 20 trillion;
Securities: about 130, with total assets of 7.8 trillion.
In terms of volume, the trust industry ranks second in total assets; Judging from the number of institutions, there are at least 68 trust institutions. At the same time, the CBRC made it clear that it would no longer issue new trust licenses.
This means that among the four major financial licenses, the most scarce is the trust!
4. What is the business scope of the trust?
Financial institutions in China need state permission. Under the system of separate operation, banks can only do banking, securities and insurance. Only the trust license is a financial institution that can span the three fields of money, capital and industry.
In other words, the lending model of trust companies is very flexible, and equity, bonds, income rights and so on can be done, or a loan project includes equity, creditor's rights, income rights, third-party guarantees and so on.
Trust is the only financial institution in China that can operate across money market, capital market and industrial investment. In other words, the function of trust license plate is similar to "full license plate", and its unique system design endows the trust function with diversity and flexibility in the use of funds.
5. What if the trust goes bankrupt?
Putting assets in the bank is a creditor's right relationship. If the bank goes bankrupt, your asset bank will lose up to 500 thousand.
The assets under custody belong to independent assets. In case the trust company goes bankrupt, the trust property is independent and does not belong to the liquidation scope, so as to protect the trust rights and interests.
6. The registered capital for opening a bank or trust must be paid-in registered capital.
At present, Article 13 of the Commercial Bank Law stipulates: "The minimum registered capital for establishing a national commercial bank is RMB 1 billion.
Among the 68 trust companies in China, 65 have registered capital exceeding 654.38+0 billion; There are 6 trust companies with registered capital exceeding 654.38+0 billion. This registered capital is equivalent to the level of medium and large joint-stock banks, such as Huaxia Bank with a registered capital of 65.438+0.28 billion, Nanjing Bank with a registered capital of 8.5 billion and Shanghai Bank with a registered capital of 7.8 billion.
7. Legal supervision
China's four major financial laws are guaranteed.
banking law
Trust Law
law of insurance
securities laws
8. Trust products are unreliable.
Regarding the reliability of trust products, I think we can know a little about it by looking at the purchase situation of major banks, insurance companies and listed companies. The strict risk control system of trust companies and the all-round operation of trust licenses are good endorsements. Of course, each trust company has different styles and characteristics. Trust companies may also have bad debts and step on thunder. Every trust company has its own model to deal with bad debts. However, at least so far, there has not been a product that does not pay. Even if some investment projects cannot be paid in time, either the trust company will pay in advance, and then the lender will slowly take the money, or individual trust projects will be postponed for a short time.
According to authoritative statistics, the bad debt rate of trust industry is about 0.58%, and that of banking industry is about 1.6%. Therefore, the overall bad debt rate of the trust industry is lower than that of banks.
Therefore, the trustworthiness of the whole trust industry is relatively good. The future is compared with the risk control ability of trust companies, and whether very few projects can be paid immediately or in the shortest time when bad debts occur. For example, many trust companies have kept a record of zero bad debts for so many years, which is a reliable proof of trust products.