The development of Internet supply chain finance is not only the trend of supply chain finance in the IT era, but also creates another way for small and micro enterprises to solve financing problems. Then, let's analyze the financial innovation model of the Internet supply chain for everyone. Welcome to read and browse.
First, non-pure trading platform e-commerce supply chain financial model
Non-pure trading platform e-commerce not only provides trading platform in the supply chain system, but also operates the warehousing and logistics system of the whole supply chain system. E-commerce puts forward order demand to upstream suppliers, and suppliers deliver goods to e-commerce, and e-commerce issues acceptance bills to suppliers, resulting in accounts receivable. Typical representatives of this model are Amazon and JD.COM Mall.
Non-pure trading platform and traditional supply chain finance operation mode? 1+N？ The pattern is essentially the same. As the core enterprise of the supply chain system, e-commerce uses its good reputation and a large amount of transaction information to provide guarantee credit for upstream and downstream small and medium-sized enterprises in each transaction cycle, and cooperates with commercial banks to finance suppliers in the supply chain through financing methods such as accounts receivable financing, order financing and supplier entrusted loan financing, which not only brings economic benefits to itself, but also enhances its own stickiness and the dependence of node enterprises on itself, and establishes a stable and mutually beneficial cooperative relationship with upstream and downstream enterprises.
The non-pure trading platform e-commerce supply chain finance model extends the traditional supply chain finance theory to the e-commerce supply chain system. By evaluating the performance and operational risks of the whole supply chain, it provides loans to enterprises in the chain, changing the traditional credit model based on the pledge of real estate of a single enterprise, which not only helps to expand the business scope and service targets, but also helps to reduce transaction risks and transaction costs. The upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain are often in different industry environments and influence each other. Through core enterprises, banks have strengthened the evaluation and supervision of the operating conditions of supply chains and enterprises at all nodes, thus reducing the financing risks and costs caused by the asymmetry of confidence caused by non-professional factors.
JD.COM Shopping Center? Supply chain financial service platform? Taking the mode as an example, we can know that the main financing service mode of e-commerce supply chain financial mode with non-pure trading platform is to provide financial services for all suppliers by combining e-commerce supplier evaluation system, settlement system, bill processing system, online banking, bank-enterprise interconnection and other electronic channels. E-commerce provides financing services according to different objects, including accounts receivable financing, order financing, supplier entrusted loan financing, accounts receivable asset package plan, etc. In these financing, e-commerce itself plays a credit role between suppliers and banks. According to the sales contracts with e-commerce, bills of lading, accounts receivable and JD.COM, suppliers can obtain loans from cooperative banks after being insured by third-party insurance institutions. COM confirmation file. In this mode of operation, the lender is a bank, so the e-commerce itself has not benefited from it.
Among them, accounts receivable financing and order financing are the main modes of e-commerce to provide financial services. Accounts receivable financing mainly means that suppliers on e-commerce platform need a certain accounting period from delivery to e-commerce to collection, so accounts receivable are generated. In order to increase the liquidity of enterprises, financing can be carried out through accounts receivable, so as to speed up the collection of funds and improve the capital turnover rate. Specific mode: suppliers on the e-commerce platform deliver goods to e-commerce and issue invoices; The e-commerce issues an acceptance bill to the supplier, and accounts receivable are generated at this time; The supplier pledges the acceptance bill to the bank in the form of endorsement and applies for loan financing. After the bank and the e-commerce platform service provider verify the relevant information and make a guarantee commitment, open a special account to grant credit to the supplier; After receiving the payment instruction from the e-commerce platform, the bank will issue the loan to the supplier's special account, and the supplier will repay the loan to the bank when it expires. Order financing In order to obtain funds to purchase raw materials, semi-finished products and other resources needed to fulfill orders, the process for e-commerce to obtain financing through pledge orders is as follows: e-commerce trading platform service providers use their own advantages to integrate small orders of many enterprises with good operating conditions on the platform into large orders, apply for financing credit from banks, and obtain a certain credit line; When the seller signs an order through the trading platform, he will pledge to the bank to apply for a loan with the order contract and other documents; After receiving the pledge financing application, the bank verifies the relevant information with the trading platform service provider, and the platform service provider makes a guarantee or repurchase commitment according to the pre-transaction information industry and product prospect of e-commerce, and the bank opens a special account for the issuance and recovery of loans; The bank allocates the credit line of the platform service provider to the e-commerce according to a certain proportion of the order amount; After the e-commerce obtains the loan, it purchases the means of production, produces the products, and distributes them through the third-party logistics enterprise established by the platform service provider; The buyer pays the payment to a special account; After receiving the payment, the bank will withhold part of it for repaying the loan and restoring the credit line of the platform service provider, and remit the rest to the enterprise account as enterprise income.
Second, the financial model analysis of e-commerce supply chain based on pure trading platform
In the pure trading platform e-commerce supply chain system, e-commerce itself only provides a trading platform for upstream and downstream suppliers, does not operate warehousing and logistics systems, and does not exist cash transactions such as accounts receivable with upstream suppliers. Typical representatives of this model are B2B e-commerce Alibaba, C2C Taobao and B2C Tmall. In this e-commerce supply chain system, e-commerce platform has less control over logistics and capital flow than non-pure trading platform, but e-commerce has control over information flow, and all transactions in the supply chain system are conducted on e-commerce platform, so e-commerce can control financing risk based on a large number of transaction data analysis.
Pure trading platform supply chain financing is a more innovative supply chain financing model. E-commerce replaces banks to provide financing services in traditional supply chain finance, establishes rich supplier databases and credit records with data and the Internet as the core, and provides credit loans for small and medium-sized enterprises on its platform by using huge customer resources, massive customer transaction data and cloud computing and other information technology processing means. By integrating the data and credit formed in the process of e-commerce, e-commerce has solved the problems of information asymmetry and complicated process in the traditional financial industry's loans to individuals and small businesses, and achieved good risk control and capital return.
The innovative mode of pure trading platform supply chain financing is characterized by technical realization and risk control. Technical realization means that e-commerce financing risk control needs to introduce network data model and online video credit reporting model, confirm the authenticity of customer information through cross-checking technology supplemented by third-party verification, map customer behavior data on e-commerce network platform to credit evaluation of enterprises and individuals, and issue loans in batches to these small and medium-sized suppliers who usually cannot obtain loans through traditional financial channels. Through technological innovation, data analysis is used instead of guarantee or mortgage to give financiers a credit rating. Risk control means that e-commerce establishes a multi-level micro-loan risk early warning and management system, which closely links the three links before, during and after the loan. According to the credit and behavior data accumulated by small and micro suppliers on the e-commerce platform, data collection and model analysis are used to accurately evaluate the repayment ability and willingness of enterprises. At the same time, combined with post-loan monitoring and online store/account closing mechanism, the default cost of customers will be increased and the loan risk will be effectively controlled.
In China, Ali Finance took the lead in practicing the pure trading platform supply chain financing model. Ali Finance uses the huge transaction data accumulated on its own platform to conduct risk assessment on suppliers who apply for loans and make unsecured loans, so as to achieve deeper binding with suppliers and gain benefits through these financial services.
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