Seeing that the Year of the Monkey is about to pass, the Year of the Rooster is coming, and it is time to spend money at the end of the year, which is also the time when many people are short of money. So at 20 17, individuals
Is there any change in policy? 20 17 how and where can I apply for a personal micro-credit loan? Generally speaking, a small number of applications.
There are mainly the following application channels.
First, apply to the bank.
Most people will choose to apply for a loan at the bank. The advantage of bank loans is that the expected annualized interest rate is relatively low, but there are also disadvantages, that is, the loan threshold is too high and the personal credit requirements of borrowers are very high, so many loan borrowers are limited by their qualifications.
Second, apply to the loan company.
In addition to bank loans, loan companies are also a good choice. Its advantage is that the qualification requirements for borrowers are not very high, but generally speaking, the cost of loan companies is relatively high and the loan risk is greater than that of bank loans.
Third, the online lending platform
Fourth, direct private lending.
Some people will choose to borrow from the private sector, but the risk of private lending is still great, and the qualifications of lending institutions are uneven. Moreover, there are many irregularities in the loan operation process, and there is also the risk of input errors.
What are the application requirements for 20 17?
1. The borrower has a stable residence in the local area.
Two, the borrower has a fixed job and income in the local area.
Three, the borrower can provide proof of repayment ability recognized by the lending institution.
Four. The borrower has a good credit record.
Bank professional qualification 20 17 personal loan knowledge: personal business loan.
The meaning and classification of personal commercial loans
Personal business loans refer to loans issued by banks to individuals engaged in legal production and operation for directional purchase or lease of commercial houses, machinery and equipment, and for meeting the working capital needs and other reasonable capital needs of individual holding enterprises (including individual industrial and commercial households).
According to different loan purposes, personal business loans can be divided into personal business special loans (hereinafter referred to as special loans) and personal business working capital loans (hereinafter referred to as working capital loans).
(1) special loan
Special loans refer to loans issued by banks to individuals for directional purchase or lease of commercial houses and machinery and equipment, and the main source of repayment is cash flow generated by operations.
Special loans mainly include personal commercial housing loans (hereinafter referred to as commercial housing loans) and personal operating equipment loans (hereinafter referred to as equipment loans).
Commercial housing loans refer to loans issued by banks to individuals for the purchase or lease of commercial housing. At present, commercial housing loans are mainly used for shops (places where goods are sold or services are provided).
Equipment loans refer to loans granted by banks to individuals for purchasing or leasing equipment needed for production and business activities.
(2) Working capital loans
Working capital loans refer to loans issued by banks to individuals engaged in legal production and operation to meet the working capital needs of individual holding enterprises (including individual industrial and commercial households).
Working capital loans are classified according to the conditions of unsecured loans.
Used for (secured working capital loans) and (unsecured working capital loans).
Guaranteed working capital loans refer to loans issued by banks to individuals and need guarantees to meet the working capital needs of production and operation.
Unsecured working capital loan refers to the credit loan issued by banks to individuals without guarantee to meet the working capital needs of production and operation.
Characteristics of personal business loans
(1) The loan term is relatively short.
Personal business loans are mainly used to meet the borrower's demand for machinery and equipment or temporary working capital. Therefore, the loan period is generally short, usually 3 to 5 years.
(2) Loans have diverse uses and complicated influencing factors.
Personal consumption loans are mainly used for personal consumption, and the blindness is low. Personal business loans are used for borrowers to buy equipment or for enterprise production and operation, which are affected by uncertain factors such as macro-environment, industry prosperity and enterprise's own operating conditions. Therefore, the loan uses are diverse and the influencing factors are complex.
(3) Risk control is difficult.
In addition to understanding the borrower's own situation, the bank also needs to know in detail the operation of the enterprise run by the borrower, control the capital operation of the enterprise, and ensure that the loan will not be used for other purposes.
Bank professional qualification 20 17 Personal loans: Personal housing loans.
(2) Loan interest rate
For individual housing loans with a term of less than 1 year (including 1 year), the contract interest rate shall be implemented, and no interest shall be accrued when the statutory interest rate is adjusted; If the loan term is more than 1 year, the adjustment of the legal interest rate during the contract period can be determined by the borrower and the borrower through negotiation according to commercial principles, and can be adjusted monthly, quarterly and annually or at a fixed interest rate during the contract period. However, in practice, banks will implement new interest rate regulations according to the corresponding interest rate grades from 1 in the following year.
(3) Term of the loan
The term of individual first-hand housing loans and second-hand housing loans is reasonably determined by the bank according to the actual situation, and the longest term is 30 years. The term of personal second-hand housing loan cannot exceed the remaining service life of the purchased house. For borrowers who have retired or are about to retire (the current legal retirement age is 60 for men and 55 for women), the loan period should not be too long. Generally, the repayment period of male natural persons shall not exceed 65, and that of female natural persons shall not exceed 60. Meet the relevant conditions, men can be relaxed to 70 years old, women can be relaxed to 65 years old. According to their own situation, the regulations of each bank are different.
(4) repayment method
The repayment methods of individual housing loans include: one-time principal and interest repayment, equal principal repayment, equal progressive repayment, equal progressive repayment and combined repayment.
Generally speaking, if the loan term is within 1 year (including 1 year), the borrower can repay the principal and interest in one lump sum, that is, pay off the loan principal and interest in one lump sum before the loan expires. If the loan term exceeds 65,438+0 years, the repayment method of equal principal and interest and the repayment method of average capital can be adopted. The borrower can choose the repayment method as needed, but only one repayment method can be selected in a loan contract. After the signing of the loan contract, the repayment method shall not be changed without the consent of the loan bank.
(5) Guarantee method
There are three ways to guarantee personal housing loans: mortgage, pledge and guarantee.
In the personal housing loan business, the guarantee method adopted is mortgage guarantee.
Mainly before realizing mortgage registration, mortgage plus installment guarantee is generally adopted.
The way.
Mortgage plus installment guarantor is usually the developer or seller of the house purchased by the borrower, and has signed a cooperation agreement with the bank for the sale and purchase of commercial housing loans.
In the first-hand housing loan, before the mortgage registration is completed, the developer generally assumes the stage guarantee responsibility.
In the second-hand housing loan, the intermediary or guarantee institution generally assumes the stage guarantee responsibility. The Borrower, the Mortgagor and the Guarantor shall simultaneously sign a mortgage plus phased guarantee loan contract with the loan bank.
After the mortgaged house obtains the house ownership certificate and completes the mortgage registration, according to the contract, the mortgage plus installment guarantor will no longer perform the guarantee responsibility.
Where mortgage guarantee is adopted, the collateral must meet the statutory conditions stipulated in the Guarantee Law. The value of collateral is determined according to the market transaction price or evaluation price of collateral. If the borrower uses the purchased house as collateral, the bank usually requires the full value of the house as loan collateral; If other properties recognized by the lending bank are used as collateral, the bank often stipulates that the loan amount shall not exceed a certain proportion of the collateral value.
Where the pledge is used, the pledge can be securities such as voucher-type treasury bonds issued by the Ministry of Finance, national key construction bonds, financial bonds, corporate bonds that meet the requirements of loan banks, corporate certificates of deposit, and personal certificates of deposit.
Where a guarantee is used, the guarantor shall sign a guarantee contract with the loan bank. The loan guarantee provided by the guarantor to the borrower is a full joint liability guarantee, and the borrower, the borrower and the guarantor may not provide guarantees to each other.
(6) Loan amount
In individual housing loans, for those who purchase the first set of self-occupied housing with a floor area of less than 90 square meters, the loan amount is generally determined by deducting the down payment of not less than 20% of the proposed housing price; For the purchase of the first set of self-occupied housing with a construction area of over 90 square meters, the down payment ratio of the loan is not less than 30%, and for those who have used the loan to purchase houses and applied for the purchase of two or more houses, the down payment ratio is not less than 40%.
Bank professional qualification 20 17 personal loan focus: individual
Section 2 Individuals
First, personal significance
An individual is a personal loan business in which the borrower applies for a certain amount of RMB loan from the bank with a legal and effective pledge that meets the requirements stipulated by the bank, and repays the principal and interest of the loan on schedule.
According to Article 223 of the Property Law, personal pledge mainly includes:
(1) Bills of exchange, checks and promissory notes;
2. Bonds and certificates of deposit;
(3) Warehouse receipts and bills of lading;
(4) Transferable fund shares and interests;
⑤ Property rights in transferable intellectual property rights such as exclusive right to use registered trademarks, patents and copyrights;
6 accounts receivable;
⑦ Other property rights that can be pledged according to laws and administrative regulations.
Second, personal characteristics
(1) The loan risk is low and the guarantee method is relatively safe.
(2) Short time and quick turnover.
(3) Short operation process
(4) extensive materials
Third, personal factors.
1. Loan object
Personal objects mainly meet the following two conditions:
A natural person living in China with full capacity for civil conduct;
(2) Provide effective pledge recognized by the bank as pledge guarantee.
2. Loan interest rate
The personal interest rate shall be subject to the loan interest rate of the same period, grade and term stipulated by the People's Bank of China, and all banks may float within the scope stipulated by the People's Bank of China. In case of interest rate adjustment during the loan period, the loan interest rate will remain unchanged if the personal voucher-type national debt is pledged.
3. Term of the loan
Generally speaking, the term of personal loan shall not exceed the maturity date of pledge. If there are multiple pledges as collateral, the maturity date of the loan shall not exceed the earliest maturity date of the pledged goods.
4. Repayment method
Personal repayment methods include matching principal and interest repayment method, average capital repayment method, arbitrary repayment of principal and interest in this way, monthly repayment of interest, arbitrary repayment of principal by installments, repayment of principal and interest at one time when due, etc. It is slightly different from the bank's regulations.
5. Loan amount
Each bank has different regulations on personal loans, and the loan amount is different for different types of personal mortgage loans.
Fourth, personal operation process
Personal operation process mainly includes loan acceptance investigation, approval, issuance, post-loan, and file management. The focus of business operation is to grasp the authenticity of pledge and control the validity of pledge freezing.
1. Acceptance and investigation of loans
2. Review and approval of loans
3. The signing and issuance of loans
4. Payment management
5. Post-loan management
(1) Post-lending inspection
(2) Changes in loan elements
(3) Recovery of loan principal and interest
(4) File management
Bank's 20 17 Personal Loan Professional Qualification: Loan Elements
Loan elements
1. Commercial housing loan elements
(1) loan object.
The object of commercial housing loan should be a natural person with China nationality, over 18 years of age and full capacity for civil conduct.
② Loan interest rate.
The interest rate of commercial housing loan shall not be lower than 1. 1 times of the interest rate of the same grade in the same period stipulated by the People's Bank of China, and the specific interest rate level shall be determined by the lending bank independently according to the relevant principles of loan risk management.
③ loan term.
The loan period of commercial housing is usually no more than 10 years, and the specific loan period is determined by the lending bank independently according to the relevant principles of loan risk management.
4 repayment method.
There are many repayment methods of commercial housing loans, such as equal principal and interest repayment method, average principal repayment method and one-time principal and interest repayment method. Generally speaking, if the loan term is within 1 year (including 1 year), the borrower can use the one-time repayment method; If the loan term exceeds 65,438+0 years, the repayment method of equal principal and interest and the repayment method of average capital can be adopted.
⑤ Guarantee method.
To apply for a commercial housing loan, the borrower must provide certain guarantee measures, including mortgage, pledge and guarantee, or take the form of performance guarantee insurance.
⑥ Loan amount.
The loan amount of commercial housing usually does not exceed 50% of the value of purchased or rented commercial housing, and the specific loan amount is determined by commercial banks independently according to the relevant principles of loan risk management; Apply for a loan in the name of "commercial and residential dual-use house", and the loan amount shall not exceed 55%.
2. Elements of guaranteeing working capital loans
(1) loan object.
The object of secured working capital loans should be self-employed, partnership enterprises, sole proprietorship enterprises or natural persons with unincorporated business licenses issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
② Loan interest rate.
The loan interest rate of guaranteed working capital shall not be lower than 1. 1 times of the loan interest rate of the same grade in the same period stipulated by the People's Bank of China, and the specific interest rate level shall be determined by the lending bank independently according to the relevant principles of loan risk management.
③ loan term.
The term for guaranteeing working capital loans is determined by the lending banks according to the relevant principles of loan risk management, generally within 1 year, and some banks have 3-5 years.
4 repayment method.
There are many repayment methods to guarantee working capital loans, such as equal principal and interest repayment method, average capital repayment method and one-time principal and interest repayment method.
⑤ Guarantee method.
To apply for a secured working capital loan, the borrower must provide certain guarantee measures, including mortgage, pledge and guarantee.
⑥ Loan amount.
The loan amount for guaranteeing working capital shall be determined by commercial banks according to the relevant principles of loan risk management. Usually, banks will formulate corresponding mortgage (pledge) rate according to the different collateral, and the related mortgage (pledge) rate will become the loan amount.
3. Elements of equipment loan
(1) loan object.
The object of equipment loan is self-employed, partnership, sole proprietorship or natural person with unincorporated business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
② Loan interest rate.
The loan interest rate for equipment shall be implemented according to the loan interest rate for the same period stipulated by the People's Bank of China, and the interest rate may fluctuate according to the supply and demand of funds in the local financial market.
③ loan term.
The term of equipment loan is determined by the lending bank according to the relevant principles of loan risk management, which is generally 3 years and the longest is not more than 5 years.
4 repayment method.
There are many repayment methods for equipment loans, such as equal principal and interest repayment method, average capital repayment method and one-time principal and interest repayment method. Generally speaking, if the loan term is within 1 year (including 1 year), the borrower can use the one-time repayment method; If the loan term exceeds 65,438+0 years, the repayment method of equal principal and interest and the repayment method of average capital can be adopted.
⑤ Guarantee method.
Equipment loans must provide guarantees, including mortgage, pledge and guarantee. The loan bank can choose one or two guarantee methods according to the borrower's situation, and can also adopt dealer guarantee and manufacturer repurchase guarantee methods.
⑥ Loan amount.
The maximum amount of equipment loan shall not exceed 70% of the total amount of funds required by the borrower to purchase or lease equipment, and the maximum amount shall not exceed 2 million yuan, as follows:
(1) When applying for a loan by way of pledge recognized by the loan bank, the maximum loan amount shall not exceed 90% of the value of the pledged property;
(2) If the mortgaged property is used as collateral, the maximum loan amount shall not exceed 70% of the value of collateral recognized by the loan bank;
(3) If a third party guarantees to apply for a loan, the bank will determine the loan amount according to the credit rating of the guarantor.
4. Elements of unsecured working capital loans
(1) loan object.
The object of unsecured working capital loan should be self-employed, partnership, sole proprietorship or natural person with unincorporated business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
② Loan interest rate.
The interest rate of unsecured working capital loan is usually higher, but once the loan is successful, the interest rate will be locked, and the change of future market interest rate will not affect the loan interest.
③ loan term.
The term of unsecured working capital loan is generally 65,438+0 years, with the shortest period of 6 months and the longest period of 4 years for individual banks. They can apply independently according to the actual situation.
4 repayment method.
There are two main repayment methods for unsecured working capital loans: equal principal and interest repayment method and monthly interest repayment method.
⑤ Guarantee method.
Unsecured working capital loans are guaranteed by personal credit.
⑥ Loan amount.
The amount of unsecured working capital loan is usually determined according to personal income and credit status, and the maximum amount is usually 200,000-500,000 yuan.
Banking Qualification 20 17 Essential Knowledge Points of Personal Loan
Personal loan product type
2. Classification by guarantee method
According to the different guarantee methods, personal loan products can be divided into personal credit loans, personal mortgage loans and personal guaranteed loans.
1. Personal credit loan
Personal credit loan is a loan issued by a bank to an individual without providing any guarantee.
2. Individuals
An individual refers to an individual who applies for a certain amount of loan from a bank with a legal and effective pledge that meets the conditions stipulated by the bank.
3. Personal mortgage loan
Personal mortgage loan is more common in commercial banks. It refers to the loan granted by the lending bank to individuals with the property provided by the borrower or a third party and recognized by the lending bank as collateral.
4. Personal secured loans
Personal guarantee loan refers to the loan issued by the bank to individuals who are legal persons, other economic organizations or natural persons recognized by the bank and have the ability to pay off debts by subrogation.
The introduction of 20 17 personal loans ends here.