1. Generally, banks will conduct on-the-spot visits to loan enterprises, estimate how big the capital gap of enterprises is, and then let the banks behind them examine and approve. Review the application materials and judge whether the enterprise loan amount is reasonable. Then, according to the balance sheets and profit and loss statements of enterprises and guarantee enterprises, the assets, liabilities, owners' equity, income, costs and profits of customers are comprehensively analyzed. 2. For enterprises involved in commodity trading, banks value the authenticity of corporate loans and do not think that enterprises have strong funds and repayment ability to lend. In doing so, the bank is responsible for itself and is also its own job. 3. After the bank lends money, it will investigate the projects operated by the enterprise and analyze whether the enterprise is within the normal range of bank loans. 4. The bank will investigate the product purchase and sale contracts, procurement contracts and construction contracts consistent with the enterprise's borrowing purposes. See if it is legal and whether the enterprise makes rational use of the capital gap.
Second, credit review, how to judge the authenticity of the customer's loan purpose?
The loan officer examines the loan type, loan term, interest rate grade and so on. Credit management is one of the most important responsibilities of loan officers. No matter how good a loan manager is, it is inevitable to make mistakes in making loans. However, many good loan projects have become problem loans because the loan officer did not pay attention to many early warning information revealed during the loan period. The main purpose of bankers' supervision of borrowers' operating conditions is to convince themselves that borrowers' current conditions still meet the conditions of loans, and to discover new businesses and expand contacts with customers. The loan inspection needs to closely monitor the borrower and find signs that it may be difficult for the borrower to repay. This kind of early warning is necessary to maximize the impact of correct actions and minimize the possible losses of loans. When the loan is due or overdue, or when other conditions in the loan agreement (such as the minimum guarantee amount or the required financial ratio) are violated, loan monitoring is particularly important. Most banks check the relationship with customers and the borrowing situation at least once a year, and if the situation is not good, the inspection will be more frequent. These checks must be initiated by the loan officer in charge of the loan. In these regular inspections, the loan officer should analyze the borrower's financial situation and trends, the borrower's past business performance and future repayment ability; The profitability of the borrower and its market environment; Then the loan officer will decide how the bank will continue to maintain its relationship with the borrower. The credit or business status revealed in regular inspections may lead banks to expand loans, and may also lead banks to shrink, update or cancel existing financing instruments. The cooperative relationship between banks and enterprises means that if banks want to become or continue to become customers' basic deposit account banks, they must always adapt to customers' future economic plans and meet their capital needs. Lenders use four information channels to monitor borrowers: banks, customers' suppliers, other financial institutions and customers themselves. Simply analyzing financial data can only provide temporary test data about customers' situation. Questions in the data can only be answered through discussion. In addition, the balance sheet and income statement are far from enough to reflect the implementation of the bank management plan. In order to clearly understand the situation of credit management and operation, loan officers must often visit customers, and understand the current situation of factory equipment and various assets used as collateral during the visit. The first-hand information collected through interviews can be used to test the quality and accuracy of financial analysis. Another aspect of the borrower's performance is whether he can fulfill the contract terms stipulated in the loan agreement. In addition to the borrower's commitment to guarantee repayment, other contract terms generally include maintaining a minimum level of working capital and loan leverage. When the borrower fails to perform the contract, it will be punished, such as adding penalty interest, completely suspending the loan agreement in some cases or requiring the borrower to speed up repayment. The lender shall regularly prepare questionnaires to check the implementation of the loan contract. Credit files are an important source of information for supervising loans, as well as for internal inspection, internal audit and financial supervision authorities to review loans. The contents of the credit file should include the following aspects: credit line overview, list of guarantee documents, loan approval memorandum, collateral valuation, basic situation report, customer profit, market competition analysis table, quarterly risk rating (related risks), financial comparison table, adjustment strategy and action plan, cash flow forecast, mobile documents, management level evaluation, newspaper clippings, project investigation summary and other useful information.
3. Is it illegal to use loans fraudulently?
Legal analysis: Generally speaking, fraudulent use of loans is not illegal. The purpose of the loan strictly requires the authenticity of the loan purpose. If the bank finds that the actual purpose of the loan is inconsistent with the application purpose in the later inspection, it can be considered as misappropriation of loan funds. The bank will recover the loan in advance, and will also demand payment of liquidated damages.
Legal basis: People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank Law.
Article 35 A commercial bank shall strictly examine the borrower's loan purpose, repayment ability and repayment method.
Commercial bank loans shall be subject to the system of separating loan review from grading approval.
Article 36 When a commercial bank lends money, the borrower shall provide guarantee. Commercial banks should strictly examine the repayment ability of guarantors, the ownership and value of collateral, and the feasibility of realizing collateral.
After examination and evaluation by a commercial bank, it is confirmed that the borrower has a good credit standing and can repay the loan, and no guarantee may be provided.
Article 37 A commercial bank shall sign a written contract with the borrower when issuing loans. The contract shall stipulate the type, purpose, amount, interest rate, repayment period, repayment method, liability for breach of contract and other matters that both parties think need to be agreed.