1. Entries:

Debit: long-term receivables of 2 million

Loan: main business income of 16

unconfirmed financing income of 4

Debit: main business cost of 156

Loan: inventory goods of 156

2. Interpolation method to find the real interest rate: < 4×4.12=1 64.8

When r=8%, 4×3.992=1596.8 (look up the present value coefficient table of annuity)

(1 64.8-1 596.8)/(8%-7%) = (1 64.).

3. The applicable formula is: present value = annuity * ordinary annuity present value coefficient

According to the above known conditions, it can be calculated by interpolation. For example, suppose the interest rate is m, and get a present value; Suppose the interest rate is n, get a present value, and then interpolate to calculate the interest rate when the present value is 45.

4. The formula for calculating present value and annuity is:

If the annual receipt and payment amount is A, the interest rate is I and the number of periods is N, then the present value of annuity calculated by compound interest is:

P(A, I, n) = a [(1+I) n-1]/[I (1+I).

in the formula, [(1+I) n-1]/[I (1+I) n] is the ordinary annuity's final value coefficient, and the interest rate is I. The present value of the annuity after n periods is recorded as (P/A, I, n).

Extended information:

Unless the time value and uncertainty of money have no significant influence, the present value principle is applied to all future cash flow-based measurements. This means that the present value principle should be applied to: (p>(1) deferred income tax;

(2) Determine the recoverable amount of assets not included in IAS36 (especially inventory, construction contract balance and deferred income tax assets) for impairment test.

For assets and liabilities measured only based on future cash flows, the concept of present value should be:

(1) In rare cases where its influence is important, it should be used in advance payment and advance payment in principle;

(2) It is used in construction contracts to allow more meaningful summation of cash flows in different periods;

(3) It is not used to determine depreciation and amortization, because the cost of applying the concept of present value will exceed its benefits.

Baidu encyclopedia-present value