(2) Select qualified accounts receivable. Accounts receivable used for pledge must meet certain conditions: the products under accounts receivable have been issued and accepted by the buyer; The purchaser has strong financial strength and no bad credit record; The buyer confirms the specific amount of accounts receivable and promises to pay it only to the seller's designated special account in the loan bank; The due date of accounts receivable is earlier than the repayment date agreed in the loan contract.
It should be noted that the following accounts receivable cannot be used to set pledge and need to be excluded from the total accounts receivable: first, the hedging account, that is, the money owed by the loan enterprise to the debtor of accounts receivable at the same time; Second, accounts receivable with an age of more than 90 days; Third, all accounts receivable of debtors with poor credit quality; The fourth is flawed accounts receivable; Fifth, laws and regulations clearly stipulate that it is not allowed (or restricted) to set up accounts receivable pledge. For example, hospitals, schools, parks and other civil subjects with public welfare have the right to charge fees based on public welfare, and the land income of the government land reserve center may not be pledged.
(3) Reasonably determine the loan pledge rate. The loan pledge rate refers to the ratio of the loan amount to the value of the pledge. The loan pledge rate of accounts receivable usually depends on the quality of accounts receivable, which should generally be 60%~80%. The quality of accounts receivable mainly depends on the credit rating of debtors (enterprises in arrears). The debtor is financially sound, has no bad credit record, and the loan pledge rate is high, otherwise it is low. At the same time, the concentration of accounts receivable should be considered when determining the loan pledge rate. The higher the concentration, the worse the quality of accounts receivable and the greater the risk. When granting loans to enterprises with high concentration, the pledge rate shall not exceed 20%, that is, the loan amount shall not exceed 20% of accounts receivable.
(4) Strict risk prevention measures are stipulated in the loan contract and pledge contract. The main provisions to be agreed include: first, the pledger shall not transfer or give up its rights, otherwise the lending bank has the right to cancel or pay off debts in advance and exercise the pledge right; Second, the pledgor shall notify the debtor of the accounts receivable in writing and obtain a written commitment letter from the debtor to the loan bank, indicating that the accounts receivable are true, and the debtor will not have any malicious acts that damage the pledge right during the pledge period, and may not pay off to the pledgor, but may pay off or deposit directly to the loan bank, otherwise it shall be liable for compensation; Third, if the pledgor is slow to exercise his rights, resulting in the collateral being or likely to be damaged, the lending bank has the right to exercise it on his behalf, or the lending bank has the right to demand repayment of debts or exercise the pledge right in advance; The fourth is to clarify other circumstances of paying off debts in advance or exercising pledge, such as giving up rights, the contract being dissolved, revoked or changed, the level of rights management deteriorating, and possible financial deterioration.
(E) Pay attention to the post-loan management of accounts receivable. It is necessary to set up a special account for the pledge of accounts receivable in time, strengthen the supervision and management of the funds returned from enterprises' accounts receivable, and prevent the funds returned from being used for other purposes. In the case that the principal debt is overdue, we should negotiate with the pledgor and the debtor of accounts receivable as soon as possible and take action to realize the pledge right as soon as possible.