/kloc-At the end of 0/9, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 broke out. Because Japan had been planning to wage war for a long time, the Qing government rushed to fight. The war lasted less than a year and ended with the defeat of China and the annihilation of Beiyang Navy. At that time, under the international pressure and Japanese military pressure, the Qing government signed the treaty of shimonoseki, which humiliated the country. In treaty of shimonoseki, the Qing government paid 230 million taels of silver to Japan, which was about 340 million yen at that time.
Twenty-three years later, at that time, warlords on the land of the Central Plains fought for years, which led to people's hardships. During the Beiyang period, the financial deficit crisis of the central government was serious because of the warlord's separatist regime. In history, there were representatives of college teachers who begged the Beiyang government at that time for unpaid wages, which led to conflicts. However, when Duan assumed the responsibility of the Prime Minister of the Republic of China and mastered the financial power, he found that the national treasury of the central government could run away. In desperation, Duan had to find a way to find new financial resources.
At that time, Duan's adviser Nishihara Kameyama was the representative of the Japanese Prime Minister, and Nishihara came forward to mediate. Finally, the two sides agreed to borrow money from Japan with China's railway, mine and forest resources as collateral. This batch of loans totaled 654.38+0.45 billion yen, which was carried out in eight batches. Of course, Japanese borrowing from Beiyang government was not out of kindness, but because Qianlie Qiang borrowed a lot from the aftermath and gained a lot of tariff sovereignty in China. And the Japanese also want to get China's tariff sovereignty easily.
Although Japan did not charge the Beiyang government a huge commission at that time, it also asked the Beiyang government to provide collateral. So the Beiyang government took the railways, mines and forest resources in Shandong and Northeast China as collateral. However, after the mortgage agreement, these loans were not used to build railways, mines and forests, and the Japanese did not actually take over, making the agreement between Beiyang government and Japan a dead letter.
When the government of the Republic of China replaced the Beiyang government, it declared that it was irresponsible for the foreign debt formed by the Beiyang government on the grounds of bribing the president. Then the Japanese secret agreement was stolen, resulting in no written evidence and these IOUs were lost. Twenty-three years after the Sino-Japanese War reparations, Duan recovered half of the reparations with a dead letter, which made people feel ironic. This kind of plot is much more exciting than the movie.