Design units prepare investment estimates, budget estimates, revised budget estimates and budget documents according to different design stages, and are responsible for the quality of their documents. Principle of document preparation: the national guidelines, policies and relevant systems must be strictly implemented, and the document quality requirements should meet the technical standards of highway engineering and technical specifications for highway design and construction. The requirements of document quality are: conforming to specifications, combining with reality, economical and reasonable, not weighing or leaking, correct calculation, clear handwriting and printing, neat and perfect binding.
The basis, how to compile the document and several problems in the compilation process are as follows: 1. The basis of compiling the document is the investment estimate of the project proposal and feasibility study, the budget estimate of the preliminary design and technical design, the revised budget estimate and the construction drawing budget, all of which must be based on the current guidelines, policies, ministerial quotas and compilation methods of the state, the Ministry of Communications and relevant provinces (cities) and autonomous regions, the information obtained from investigation, design documents and various approval documents.
1, normative document 1), compilation method of investment estimate for highway capital construction projects issued by the Ministry of Communications, compilation method of budget estimate for highway capital construction projects, budget quota for highway projects, fleet quota for highway construction projects and relevant supplementary provisions issued by local governments and quota stations of the Ministry of Communications.
2) Land Management Law, Environmental Protection Law, Soil and Water Conservation Law, Forest Management Law, Minerals Law, Cultural Relics Management Law, and Standard for Some Charges in Land Management System promulgated by People's Republic of China (PRC), State Price Bureau and Ministry of Finance.
3) Documents on the calculation of building materials transportation and miscellaneous fees, such as the documents on the collection of railway transportation and miscellaneous fees promulgated by the Ministry of Railways, the provisions of the Ministry of Communications on water freight rates, and the provisions of the transportation departments of provinces (cities) and autonomous regions on automobile transportation prices and handling fees.
4) Road maintenance fees and the use of vehicles and boats shall be handled according to the documents of the Provincial (city) Autonomous Region Communications Department, Price Bureau and Tax Bureau.
5) The power supply subsidy shall be implemented according to the Interim Provisions of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power on Charging Subsidies for Power Supply Projects approved by the State Planning Commission.
6) The National Unified Installation Cost Quota for Electronic Equipment and Special Equipment for Electronic Industry issued by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the Ministry of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and the Ministry of Electronic Industry and the National Unified Installation Budget Quota approved by the State Planning Commission.
7) The survey and design fees shall be implemented according to the relevant documents of the State Price Bureau and the Ministry of Construction.
8) The budget quota of construction projects and the cost quota of construction and installation projects in all provinces (cities) and autonomous regions.
2, the approval documents of each stage to understand the approved capital construction plan, the total construction period, the source of funds and the total construction investment. Knowing the total construction period is the basis of compiling the construction schedule. Knowing the source of funds mainly determines whether to calculate the interest of construction loans. If there is a loan, you need to know the amount, interest, loan time and repayment time of the installment loan. If you use foreign loans, you should also pay attention to its special provisions. If the World Bank loan or other foreign policy loans are used, not only the loan interest but also the commitment fee should be calculated.
2. The project proposal, feasibility study report, preliminary design documents, technical design documents and construction drawing design documents are the basis for preparing investment estimates, design estimates, revised estimates and construction drawing budgets. Whether the engineering quantity is correct or not is very important to the compilation of budgetary estimate, budget and budget, which directly affects the correctness and compilation quality of engineering cost. However, the engineering quantity is generally provided by the designer. In recent years, due to the rapid development of highway industry and the tight design cycle, some designers attach importance to their own design, often ignoring the review and summary of engineering quantity calculation, resulting in the rework of engineering budget. Therefore, in the process of compiling budget estimates, budget estimates and budget documents, we must fill in the quantities correctly, and we must not miscalculate, recalculate or omit them.
2. How to Compile In order to accurately and completely reflect the actual situation of the construction project and meet the design contents and requirements at different stages, the compilers must conduct a comprehensive, in-depth and detailed investigation and data collection at the construction project site. Mainly collect the following contents:
1. Understand the basic situation of the project site, such as topography, landform, hydrology, geology, meteorology, earthquake, road construction materials, traffic conditions, etc.
2, understand the actual situation of the project design and implementation plan, the specific project scale, etc.
3. Understand the site conditions of the project, such as water and electricity supply, supporting engineering (roads, bridges, waterways and other traffic conditions) materials, equipment, construction site (material stacking, prefabrication plant), transportation conditions, etc.
4, understand the financing of the construction unit, the purchase of equipment and tools in the construction project, project supervision, land acquisition and demolition compensation, etc.
5. Collect specific information: such as labor wages, material supply price and place, transportation conditions and freight, construction conditions, construction team, etc. , and the field data collection mainly includes: 1), basic salary of labor wage production workers, regional living allowance (referring to living allowance in remote areas and special zones stipulated by the state) and wage allowance (referring to price allowance, gas allowance, transportation allowance and housing allowance).
2) Building materials and other expenses should be investigated at the project site, including the price of building materials, local materials (i.e. the local quota adjustment and supplementary quota formulated by the local quota station, the budget price of capital construction materials in the current year, etc. ) should be purchased from the transportation department, and the road maintenance fee and vehicle and vessel use tax standards should be obtained from the highway maintenance department for a detailed list of loading and unloading fees.
(1) outsourced materials: investigate the supply location and transportation conditions (including transportation mode and freight).
(2) Self-collected materials: collection place, material, storage, mining method, finished product rate, transportation conditions and freight rate of self-collected processing materials (sand and stone).
(3) Transportation: Understand the transportation situation of stations and docks, the quantity and unit price of local transportation types (cars and tractors), transportation rules and handling fees.
(4) Construction machinery: sources of transportation tools and main equipment, transportation distance and mode, and unit prices of water, electricity, gasoline, diesel oil and coal.
(5) Construction site conditions such as material and equipment storage yard, concrete member prefabrication yard, temporary service road, temporary bridge, temporary electricity consumption, communication and living quarters.
(6) The unit price of equipment purchased for the management, maintenance, repair and operation of equipment and tools. For example: sweepers, multi-functional maintenance vehicles, comprehensive maintenance vehicles, transport vehicles, engineering vehicles, wreckers, patrol cars, ambulances, accident handling vehicles, mobile signboards, etc. The purchase cost of equipment and tools should be listed in the second part.
(7) Investigate the cost of land acquisition and demolition, the amount of compensation for land occupation and young crops (including permanent and temporary land occupation), whether there are cultural relics in the land occupied by houses, wells, trees and other appendages and the area of houses to be rebuilt, and the interference between the built projects and the original power, telecommunications facilities, water conservancy facilities and railways. It is also necessary to investigate the compensation unit price of land occupation and young crops, as well as the demolition compensation unit price of buildings, electricity and telecommunications facilities, in order to investigate the relevant water in the hydropower sector.
6. 1) and local meteorological data to determine the comprehensive rate. Such as temperature, rainfall, frost, etc.
2) Location and transportation distance of main meal and paid meal.
3) The arrangement of construction supervision and construction unit, whether investment contract or bidding, needs to be understood.
After completing the field investigation and field data collection, the next step is mainly the quantity of construction projects. Due to the different stages of the project, the calculation accuracy of engineering quantity is also different. For example, the pre-project quantity can only be estimated, while the preliminary design is mainly the comparison and selection of project schemes. Some engineering stars are relatively accurate, such as pavement engineering, and most projects, such as subgrade earthwork, bridge engineering, interchange and tunnel, are not very accurate. Only after the preliminary design is passed can various schemes be decided. Therefore, the investment control in the early stage of construction can only be controlled by estimation. Investment control in the preliminary design stage can only be controlled by budgetary estimate.
Three. Several problems in the compilation of investment estimation and budgetary estimate (pre-) 1. Influence of construction scheme on budget estimate (pre-budget estimate) Construction scheme refers to the general idea and arrangement of engineering construction. Once the construction scheme is determined, the whole construction process, manpower, materials, mechanical requirements, plane layout, project quality and cost, site conditions, etc. are also stipulated accordingly. Therefore, the choice of construction scheme basically determines the quality of construction organization design and the completion of construction tasks, and plays a decisive role in the economic benefits of the project. If properly arranged, the project can be completed on time with good quality and quantity, saving investment. For example, subgrade earthwork: subgrade earthwork construction scheme includes earthwork allocation principles and construction methods. Earthwork allocation: Move, dig and fill as far as possible within the economic and reasonable scope, so as to balance the quantity of earthwork of cutting and embankment and reduce waste and debit. This can only be achieved in Erling hilly area. In the plain and hilly areas, most of them are filled, most of them are borrowed, and most of them are collected. The transportation distance is long and the unit price is high. Unless the soil quality is not good, the excavated soil should be used to reduce the cost. Construction method: The construction method is determined according to the types, quantity, construction period, usual economic transportation distance and technical and economic indicators of various construction methods. In general, the economic transportation distance of bulldozer construction method is within 1000 m, while the economic transportation distance of scraper is within 500 m, and it is more economical to use electric dump trucks or walking tractors for 500- 1000 m, and dump trucks should be used for transportation distances exceeding1000 m. ..
Pavement engineering: Except the structural types of surface course, base course and subbase course are different, the engineering quantity per kilometer is roughly the same. The key to the construction scheme is the location and quantity of mixing stations, which are generally suitable near the midpoint of the construction section. However, the short distance of sand and gravel, convenient transportation and the temperature of asphalt pavement should be considered to ensure the quality.
2. When preparing the budget estimate, the preliminary design budget segment is not suitable for size division, so it can be prepared by local administrative divisions (or by survey and design units) and then summarized to facilitate management. For example, land acquisition and demolition are generally undertaken by local governments, and many policies can only be implemented through local policies. Some problems, contradictions and disputes in the future construction should also be mediated by the local government, which will facilitate the local initiative and facilitate the smooth progress of the project.
3. The problems that should be paid attention to in the selection and application of budgetary estimate quota are very important, which is directly related to whether the project cost can be accurately reflected. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply understand what items each quota includes, under what circumstances and how to adjust the quota. For example, in pavement engineering, when the surface layer, base layer and cushion layer reach a certain thickness and need to be mixed and rolled by layers, the number of working days and shifts of tractors, graders and rollers should be increased, and the expansion quota of culverts and small bridges can only be used when factories, mines and forest highway cannot provide specific quantities. The general grade highway must provide the number of sub-projects, and the sub-hectare quota should be applied.
4. Some problems in the use of "other direct fees, site fees and indirect comprehensive rates"
1) the cost of purchasing subgrade fillers (mainly soil, sand, stone, fly ash, etc.). ) is not used as the calculation base of other direct costs, site funds and indirect costs.
2) Price increase fee for traffic interference projects: If traffic interference occurs within a certain construction mileage, the percentage of this route mileage in the whole construction mileage can be multiplied by the rate corresponding to the corresponding two-way traffic frequency column as the rate included in this project.
3) Increase of construction cost in plateau area: If there is any construction with an altitude of more than 2,000 m in the construction mileage, the percentage of this mileage in the whole construction mileage can be multiplied by the corresponding altitude rate as the rate to be included in this project.
4) For metal signs and anti-collision steel guardrails in safety facilities, the upper rate of steel bridge is adopted, but it is often inappropriate to adopt the rate of structural workers.
5) Interchange project: All projects within the scope of interchange project adopt the structure-one rate. ..
5. About the calculation of the management fee of a construction project by the construction unit, such as subsection preparation (pre-calculation). The management fee of the construction unit should be calculated as a whole, and then divided into paragraphs according to the proportion of the fixed construction and installation fee, instead of calculating the fixed construction and installation fee of each paragraph separately, and then adding up the total cost.
6. Calculation of loan interest during the construction period For construction projects that use loans to raise construction funds, the loan interest during the construction period shall be included in the total budget estimate. Judging from the current situation, there are many sources of construction funds, mainly including state investment, local investment, local self-raised funds, World Bank loans, ADB loans, domestic loans, the introduction of foreign capital, joint-stock financing and so on. Some are a single source of funds, and some are a combination of various funds. For the construction of a highway project, regardless of the source of funds, as long as the proportion and amount of various funds, which are interest-bearing and which are non-interest-bearing, the annual interest rate of loans, the construction period of technical projects and the arrangement of the annual use of loan funds are clear, the total interest of construction loans can be calculated.
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