Although Sino-Soviet relations experienced the honeymoon period to the period of breaking off diplomatic relations, the big brother of the Soviet Union did make a lot of contributions to the development of China, especially in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War and the founding of New China. The Soviet Union was the first country in the world to establish a socialist regime. "The October Revolution brought Marxism–Leninism to China with a gunshot", a famous historical saying, can best explain the origin of Sino-Soviet relations.
At that time, the Soviet Union, as the leader of a socialist country, once competed with the United States. In a polarized world, China is naturally close to the Soviet Union and has the same political power.
It was against this international background that the Soviet Union began to help China. How much help did the Soviet Union give China? It cost nearly10 billion, and the core technology was directly given away.
Send charcoal to your door on a snowy day-send charcoal in the snow
Everyone knows that icing on the cake is easy, but it is difficult to get timely help. The Soviet Union's aid to China was mainly concentrated in the early days of the founding of New China, which was undoubtedly a timely help. During the Qing Dynasty, China was left far behind by the western developed countries in economy, military affairs, science and technology, so that it would be beaten if it fell behind. One treaty after another signed in the late Qing Dynasty made China worse.
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which lasted for 14 years, ended up in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression with the support of the Soviet Union, the United States and other countries when the people of China knew how much they had paid. After more than ten years' war in an already backward country, even after the founding of New China, the word "everything is in a hurry" is not enough to describe the urgency of China's development at that time.
How timely was the Soviet Union's aid to China? It can be described as a two-part allegorical saying that I gave a pillow when I dozed off. After the war, New China was devastated. Donating money and materials is the most intuitive and effective way to help.
The Soviet Union provided China with a loan of $300 million at a very low interest rate, with a loan period of five years, which was almost equivalent to giving it away for nothing. This US$ 300 million is equivalent to RMB 900 million, accounting for 14.3% of the total investment of China government. This is a terrible number. A large part of a country's basic development funds comes from abroad.
In terms of money, the Soviet Union did not hesitate to help China, but it was even more generous in other aspects. To develop the economy, basic resources are very important. China's coal production can't meet the needs of economic development, so the Soviet Union built coal projects. When electricity is insufficient, the Soviet Union will build hydropower projects; When chemical raw materials were insufficient, the Soviet Union helped to build chemical projects. In short, the Soviet Union will build whatever China needs.
There is a famous "156 Project", which is named after the number of projects aided by the Soviet Union in China. Among them, Stalin listed 14 1 key projects during his tenure, and Khrushchev added 15 projects, totaling 156 projects with a total value of nearly 10 billion. Later, in the actual implementation, 65438 was implemented. These 150 projects involve all aspects of infrastructure construction in new China. The Soviet Union not only provided machinery and equipment, but also directly presented the core technology.
Teach a man to fish
There is a set of figures, enough to see how much money the Soviet Union spent in helping China. According to China's archives, during the period of 1949- 1960, there should be at least 20,000 Soviet experts working in China, and 200,000 talents should be trained for China every year. This really solved the development bottleneck for China at that time.
At that time, there was a shortage of technical talents in various industries in China, and scientific and technological talents were the key factors for development. This move of the Soviet Union undoubtedly provided China with the motivation and confidence for long-term development.
In the "156" major project, there are still 44 military enterprises, and only the Soviet Union can help China to this extent.
Crucially, the Soviets sincerely helped China at that time, not only giving him fish, but also giving him fish to eat. They never worry that learning technology is bad for China people.
Later, the Soviet Union withdrew all talents from China, and took away the scheme and technical data. China was once in a dilemma, but the Soviets have brought China people into the door in many fields. Even if they withdraw their talents, China people can gradually explore in the right direction.
Not only in terms of infrastructure, the Soviet Union provided free help, but also in terms of military enterprises with long-term cooperative relations with a certain country, the Soviet Union directly handed over the core technology. China's hydrogen bomb and atomic bomb can be successfully developed in such a short time, and the Soviet Union's technical assistance to China cannot be ignored. Of course, we don't deny the potential intention of the Soviet Union to control China in this respect, but how can China be so ignorant of defense?
From 65438 to 0957, the Soviet Union and China signed the Agreement on New Defense Technology, which laid a solid foundation for China to develop core military technologies such as nuclear weapons and missiles.
I don't know Khrushchev's purpose, so he insisted on providing China with the production technology of atomic bombs despite the opposition of military leaders. You know, in the international situation at that time, mastering atomic bomb technology not only meant building the country, but also meant having the capital to fight back.
The Soviet Union is adjacent to China, and there have been many border wars in history, but Khrushchev did not consider these. With the help of the Soviet Union, China's nuclear industry entered the right track, and since then, China has possessed the core weapon to defend the country.
far-reaching repercussions
Without the help of the Soviet Union to China, our nuclear bomb and hydrogen bomb could not have been successfully developed in such a short time. Without the Soviet Union's help to China, China's industrialization process would not be so fast. Without the Soviet Union's help to China, China's postwar economy would not have recovered so quickly, nor would China's infrastructure construction.
One more thing, without the protection of the Soviet Union, China might not have a peaceful environment to develop its economy. China has always been supported by Soviet materials and weapons, whether it is shelling Kinmen, fighting back against Vietnam in self-defense or even the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. These influences were even known to ordinary people in China at that time.
I vaguely remember that when I was studying this history, I heard the teacher say a jingle, but now I can really find it when I search online. "Soviet big brother, make more money. Buy a motorcycle to go to Moscow. Aunt Su, she earns less money. Buy an old watch and run around happily. " This colloquial Mandarin is enough to illustrate the reputation and influence of the Soviet Union in China at that time.
Later, Sino-Soviet relations broke down, and China people even made up a jingle. "Big brother made a lot of money in the Soviet Union, bought a motorcycle and rode to Moscow. There are many mines in Moscow, which made his big brother tremble; Aunt Su, earn less money, buy a broken watch and walk for one second a year. " From the change of jingle, we can clearly see the love and hate of China people.
As for why the Soviet Union should help China, many politicians have different views. There is no free lunch in the world. The Soviet Union naturally had its purpose in helping China, but whatever its purpose was, China actually benefited. We must not forget the person who dug the well. Now the Soviet Union no longer exists, but we can't forget its help to China.
Summary:
The world is changing rapidly. The Soviet Union, which was evenly matched with the United States, disintegrated, and the Eastern Group lost an important member. There are many factors leading to the disintegration of the Soviet Union, which gives a warning to China, a socialist country.
As a former big brother, the help China got from the Soviet Union was undoubtedly a timely help, and it also cultivated experts and scholars for China in a fishing gesture, laying the foundation for the development of new China. China can become today's China thanks to the original contribution of the Soviet Union.