1. Avoidance method and risk avoidance is a kind of ex ante control, which means that decision makers voluntarily give up or refuse to admit risks in consideration of their existence. This is a conservative risk control method, which avoids the loss of risk and also means giving up the opportunity of risk income.

2. Preventive method refers to preventing the occurrence of risks. By analyzing the conditions and causes of risk accidents, financial institutions try to present the occurrence of accident conditions, so as to minimize the possibility of risk accidents until they are completely eliminated.

3. Restraint method, also known as reduction method, refers to that financial institutions take various active measures to reduce the possibility and damage degree of risks after taking risks, which is often used for credit lending.

4. Decentralization means that managers take risks of different natures and use seven degrees of correlation to obtain the portfolio with the greatest risk, so that the total risk level is the lowest. Commercial banks usually have two ways to diversify risks: random diversification and effective diversification.

5, transfer method, is also a kind of control method in advance, before the risk occurs, through various trading activities, the possible danger will be transferred to others.

6. Compensation method: firstly, the risk reward is included in the price, that is, in addition to the usual investment yield and currency depreciation factors, the risk can be compensated.

Classification of financial institutions:

1. According to the operating conditions of financial institutions, they can be divided into financial supervision institutions and supervised financial enterprises. For example, the People's Bank of China, the Insurance Regulatory Commission of the Bank of China and the Securities Regulatory Commission of China are institutions that exercise financial supervision power on behalf of the state, and all other financial enterprises such as banks, securities companies and insurance companies must accept their supervision and management.

2. According to whether it can accept public deposits, it can be divided into deposit financial institutions and non-deposit financial institutions. The sources of funds for deposit-taking financial institutions are mainly loans from the public in the form of deposits, such as commercial banks, savings and loan associations, cooperative savings banks and credit cooperatives. Non-deposit financial institutions shall not absorb public savings deposits.

3, according to whether to undertake the national policy financing task, can be divided into policy financial institutions and non-policy financial institutions. Policy-oriented financial institutions refer to institutions invested by the government and engaged in financial activities according to the government's intentions and plans. Non-policy financial institutions do not undertake national policy financing tasks.