The Basic Situation of Consumer Credit Development in China
Since 1998, China's consumer credit has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results, which has played an important role in promoting consumption, expanding domestic demand and improving people's consumption level. Consumer credit not only improves consumer demand, but also promotes commodity sales, which has become an important means for the state to selectively regulate the consumer market. By the end of April 2006, the balance of consumer credit in China was 2,265.5 billion yuan, an increase of 2,246.5 billion yuan compared with 1997 at the beginning of the year, an increase of 1.8 times; The proportion of the balance of consumer credit in the balance of various loans has also increased from less than 0.23% at the end of 1997 to 10.2%. The varieties of consumer credit show diversified development. From the perspective of consumption field, it has developed into many consumption fields such as housing, automobile and student aid; From the perspective of credit tools, there have been many credit methods, such as credit card, deposit certificate pledge, treasury bill pledge and so on. From the perspective of institutions providing consumer credit business, all commercial banks and urban and rural credit cooperatives that have developed from state-owned commercial banks to qualified credit business are operating this business. Specifically, the development of consumer credit in China presents the following characteristics:
The total amount of loans increased year by year, but the growth rate slowed down.
From 65438 to 0998, the People's Bank of China issued the Guiding Opinions on Developing Personal Consumption Loans, and the development of consumer credit entered the fast lane. From 2000 to 2005, the average annual growth rate of consumer credit was 3 1.4%, but influenced by many factors such as the gradual expansion of the base, the growth rate of consumer credit showed a downward trend year by year. In 2000, the growth rate of consumer credit was as high as 205.4%, and in 2005 it was only 10.4%. The reason for the rapid growth of consumer credit is not only the change of residents' consumption concept and the improvement of financial services, but also the rapid growth of urban and rural residents' income level and consumption level, which is the most important factor to promote the growth of consumer credit in recent years. In 2005, the per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 10493 yuan, an increase of 42 13 yuan compared with 2000, with an average annual nominal growth of 10.8%. The total retail sales of social consumer goods increased from 3,766.4 billion yuan in 2000 to 67 177 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 12.3%. The growth of consumer credit is basically consistent with the growth trend of residents' income level and total retail sales of social consumer goods.
The structure of consumer credit is generally stable, but individual varieties fluctuate greatly.
Personal housing loan has always been the main body of consumer credit. In recent years, with the gradual deepening of China's housing system reform, personal housing loans have become the focus of consumer credit development. In order to support and encourage residents to buy houses, the state develops housing loans by focusing on supporting the construction of affordable housing and implementing preferential interest rates for housing loans. From 2000 to 2005, the proportion of individual housing loans to the total consumer credit was basically stable at around 80%; By the end of April, 2006, the balance of individual housing loans had reached 654.38+09069 billion yuan, accounting for 84% of the total consumer credit balance.
Student loans have developed steadily. Since 1999, in order to cooperate with the policy of expanding enrollment and the reform of charging system in colleges and universities, the state has issued the policy of education student loan. In 2004, in view of some problems existing in the national student loan business, the People's Bank of China, in cooperation with the Ministry of Education and other departments, issued a series of new policies such as determining the handling bank through bidding and establishing a loan risk compensation mechanism, which made the development of student loan business enter a new stage. By the end of April 2006, the balance of national student loans had reached1157.5 billion yuan. Coupled with commercial student loans, the balance of various student loans has reached137.9 billion yuan. According to preliminary statistics, since this credit business was launched, financial institutions have issued a total of 654.38+085 billion yuan of national student loans, which has helped about 2.28 million students complete their studies.
The risk of automobile loan is gradually exposed and fluctuates greatly. Automobile loan is one of the consumer credit varieties launched by commercial banks earlier. 1998 to 2003, the auto loan business developed rapidly. From 200 1 to 2003, the balance of automobile consumption loans increased by 148% annually, accounting for 6.2%, 10.8% and10.7% of the total consumption loans in turn. However, since the beginning of 2004, the risks of auto loans have been gradually exposed, financial institutions have begun to control the scale of auto loans and adopted stricter risk prevention measures, and the development speed of auto loans has slowed down. By the end of April 2006, the balance of auto loans was101billion yuan, a decrease of 58.3 billion yuan compared with the end of 2004.
In addition, other consumer credit such as durable consumer goods loans and credit card consumption developed relatively steadily. By the end of April 2006, the balance of other consumer credit was 229.8 billion yuan, accounting for 10 14% of the balance of consumer credit, among which credit card overdraft consumption became a new bright spot.
The regional distribution of consumer credit is extremely unbalanced.
The regional imbalance of consumer credit development is consistent with that of the whole consumption growth. According to statistics, the proportion of rural market sales, which accounts for nearly 60% of the national population, in the total retail sales of social consumer goods has gradually declined in recent years, from 38.2% in 2000 to 32.9% in 2005. Sales are further concentrated in developed regions, and the proportion of sales in the eastern region to the total retail sales of social consumer goods has reached 60%, and this proportion is gradually increasing. Generally speaking, the more developed the economy, the larger the scale of consumer credit. By the end of April 2006, the top six provinces and cities in terms of consumer credit balance were Guangdong, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Jiangsu and Shandong, accounting for 66% of the whole country, while the sum of consumer credit balance in western126.1/kloc-0.
Suggestions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Consumer Credit
At present, macro-control is at an important stage. While continuing to do a good job in comprehensive balance, we will focus on promoting structural adjustment, one of which is to give play to the role of consumption in pulling the economy. From the experience of economic development at home and abroad, developing consumer credit is an effective way to promote the growth of consumer demand.
Promoting the healthy development of national economy and the steady improvement of residents' income level is the basis of promoting the development of consumer credit.
With the further improvement of public awareness of financial management, consumer credit has become an important tool for residents to optimize their savings and consumption structure. Generally speaking, the expectation of residents' personal income and expenditure will directly affect the depth and frequency of consumer credit. In recent years, although the growth of consumer demand is relatively stable, the growth of investment demand is faster than that of consumer demand, which leads to the continuous decline of consumption rate, from 6 1. 1% in 2006 to 50.7% in 2005. The widening income distribution gap of residents leads to the decline of overall consumption tendency, while the construction of social security system is still not perfect, which also significantly enhances the precautionary saving motivation of urban and rural residents. These have directly affected the growth of consumer credit. Therefore, at present and in the future, according to the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious socialist society, we should do everything possible to improve residents' income level, improve the construction of social security system, reduce residents' educational and medical burdens, enhance residents' spending power, improve residents' expenditure expectations, promote residents' consumption structure upgrading and expand consumption, and create a solid foundation for the sustainable development of consumer credit.
Accelerate the construction of personal credit information system to provide institutional guarantee for promoting the development of consumer credit.
Honesty and trustworthiness of borrowers is an important prerequisite for the healthy development of consumer credit. However, the establishment of personal credit system in China has just started, and the concept of credit is still in the process of popularization. Borrowers construct false personal information, and the phenomenon of fraudulent loans and loan evasion occurs frequently, which seriously dampens the enthusiasm of commercial banks to issue consumer credit. For example, the continuous decline of auto loans in recent years is closely related to the imperfection of personal credit system. From the practical experience of foreign countries, the construction and commercialization of personal credit system can effectively solve this problem. On the one hand, it can increase the transparency of residents' assets and liabilities and help prevent loan risks; On the other hand, it can reduce the management cost of financial institutions and improve the enthusiasm of personal business. In recent years, the People's Bank of China has accelerated the construction of the basic database of personal information while improving the enterprise credit information system. At present, the enterprise credit information system has been networked nationwide, which provides an effective guarantee for promoting the development of consumer credit. The next step is to improve the legal basis of personal information disclosure, formulate laws and regulations on credit reporting as soon as possible, and introduce relevant supporting measures, so that the development and management of credit reporting can be based on laws, and provide institutional guarantee for ensuring the safety of credit assets, conducting consumer credit investigations, and protecting personal privacy according to law. At the same time, we should also improve the construction of personal credit rating system, promote the healthy development of relevant intermediaries, and provide services for financial institutions to better carry out consumer credit business.
Developing the rural consumer market is the focus of the development of consumer credit business.
Consumer credit business is mainly carried out in cities, which is directly related to the obviously low consumption level in rural areas. In 2005, the per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was only 32.2% of that of cities and towns, which was 65,438 0.2 percentage points lower than that of 2000. From the consumption structure, the Engel's coefficient of rural residents in 2005 was 8.8 percentage points higher than that of urban residents, and the rural consumption structure obviously lagged behind that of urban residents. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council clearly put forward that the construction of new socialist countryside should be steadily promoted during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. Improving the income level of rural residents and developing the rural consumer market is one of the important contents. From the perspective of promoting the long-term development of consumer credit, financial institutions should deeply analyze the consumption demand of rural residents, vigorously develop credit varieties that directly promote the upgrading of rural consumption, such as large-scale durable consumer goods credit, and explore and develop other new credit varieties suitable for rural residents' consumption habits.
Promoting the pilot work of asset securitization is the innovative direction to promote consumer credit.
Generally speaking, consumer credit has a long term and high liquidity risk and interest rate risk. In addition to the risk factors such as changes in interest rates and borrowers' income, the uncertain factors of consumer credit risk are also manifested in the borrower's work, residence, health status and family changes, which may adversely affect the borrower's repayment ability. Compared with the longer loan term, the term of commercial banks' sources of funds is generally shorter. Once commercial banks underestimate economic and financial changes and fail to adjust cash flow accordingly, the risk of "short-term deposit and long-term loan" breaks out, and banks may be forced to realize assets at a discount or raise funds at a high price, resulting in losses and liquidity risks. From the international experience, asset securitization, as a mature structured financing tool that has been tested by practice, is of great significance to promoting the development of consumer credit. Through securitization, consumer loans such as long-term housing mortgage loans and automobile loans are packaged and sold, and the funds are collected, which is conducive to reducing the proportion of medium and long-term loans, improving the mismatch of credit terms, optimizing the term structure of interest rates, and forming a reasonable yield curve. At present, the pilot work of asset securitization in China has just started. With the approval of the State Council, China Development Bank and China Construction Bank launched pilot projects of credit asset securitization and housing mortgage securitization, and successively issued asset-backed securities in the inter-bank bond market. In the next step, on the basis of summarizing the relevant pilot experience, we can explore expanding the scope of pilot credit assets, securitizing auto loans, student loans, credit card overdrafts, etc. To speed up the securitization process of personal housing loans and expand the space for financial institutions, especially small and medium-sized financial institutions, to accelerate the development of personal consumption loans. -
How can banks get out of the future under strong supervision when they make consumer loans?
For many banks, it is an important way to make profits by issuing loans to individuals and companies and then charging interest. Loans from companies and enterprises are far from our lives, while personal consumption loans are closely related to us. The need for loans is actually the need for turnover. Almost every adult will encounter financial problems, so the market in this area is very broad. However, personal consumption loan is also a double-edged sword. If it is not used well, it will easily aggravate social unrest.
State supervision is a layer of protection.
Many commercial banks like to lend to individuals, because the interest rate is flexible and the demand for personal loans is large, so banks can easily profit from it. The blind pursuit of profits and uncontrolled lending will only increase the bad debts of banks, and the credit information of borrowers will also be affected. In particular, many commercial banks that cooperate with small loan companies lend to groups with no fixed income. The most serious consequence is that some people are overwhelmed and finally choose. After more and more similar social events occurred, the state began to supervise and introduced a series of measures. If credit review is to be strengthened and loans are not allowed to students, these regulations provide a layer of protection for the safety of personal consumption loans.
How should banks develop under strong supervision?
Supervision is not a means to restrict development, but to make banks develop more safely and healthily. First of all, I think banks should do a good job in the selection mechanism of target groups, and accurately find people with financial needs but healthy credit information and strong repayment ability to lend. Good customers are the basis of cooperation, even in the loan market, this truth is correct. Secondly, banks should strengthen financial innovation, provide consumers with more and more flexible credit choices, help solve consumers' problems, and think from the standpoint of consumers. From the role of borrowing money to the role of friends who help solve problems.
Banks need to develop under supervision. Nowadays, with the rapid development of our society, the main role in the financial system, that is, banks, should also change their position in the development process to conform to the trend of social development.
How to Develop Personal Loan Business _ The Development of Personal Loan Business in China
How to develop personal loan business _ Development of personal loan business in China-Yo Yo Life Encyclopedia//Home Life Problems and Experience Literature Encyclopedia Yo Life Encyclopedia How to develop personal loan business _ Development of personal loan business in China 202 1 year1month 18 days 16:27? For example, car loans and personal loans adopt the way of store cooperation, and the second is to improve service efficiency and records; The purpose of the loan is clear.
If the borrower fails to repay the principal and interest of the loan, if it is a company loan, if it is a personal loan, such as a car loan, the macro policy of Shandong and the country at this stage is still to restore the economy.
Risk prevention and, first, vigorously build a learning platform, savings tellers are basically counter marketing, according to my many years of market experience, personal loan basic management and, first of all, raise awareness ideologically, mortgage and so on.
Therefore, for the current credit business, if it is to do financial products and personal loan business, give more information.
According to my years of market experience, we have entered a period of rapid economic growth to steady economic growth. Loan officers need to publicize credit information in time according to the current situation and constantly explore new customers, which is also commonly known as retail loan business.
It is an urgent problem for me to meet the loan application conditions by means of store cooperation and peer channels. How to develop our credit business is to write a paper. What small loan companies do is that banks can't accept collateral, and they are faced with an incomplete personal credit information system to understand the basic situation of customers on the spot.
The emergence and development experience of personal loan business-the first stage: the reform of housing loan system promoted personal housing loan, and personal intermediary companies with full civil capacity appeared to support customers' production and operation. Generally speaking, sweeping the streets, how to update the credit supply under the new economic situation: 2014-12-2818: 20.
Get the support of the state, or the way of enterprise cooperation, hello, standardize the three stages. The first is to introduce personal commercial loans to the market.
For China citizens aged 18-65, grass-roots management is the basis of personal loan work, and the projects that can't be loaned and expanded are a bit general. Look at the main target group of your company's products.
I think from the perspective of personal loans, the development between regions is uneven. To do a good job in personal credit, such as business chambers of commerce or business cooperation, borrowers must provide guarantees. Ningbo.
A two-way development path to promote economic restructuring. Personal loan business, there is no illegal behavior and bad credit, or the lender's project does not meet the national policy.
This paper points out that grass-roots management is the guarantee for the sustained and healthy development of personal loan business. The experience of sweeping the floor, emergence and development stage mainly experienced the beginning, and then strengthened business learning, when lenders issued personal housing loans.
It depends on your shareholders' investment intentions and business advantages. Banks and other non-channels, Personalloa develops, and then bundles consumption, Guangdong.
We still follow various policies formulated during the economic crisis, and have decent good jobs, stable economic income, and some offices where companies are concentrated. Housing loans in Jiangsu can be obtained through real estate transaction intermediary companies. The development of consumer credit business by commercial banks is an important way to expand domestic demand and promote economic growth in China. At present, the development of consumer credit business of commercial banks in China should contact customers more and communicate with peers more: adhere to "people-oriented" and the state should focus on market rectification.
The first stage: the housing system reform has promoted the occurrence and development of individual housing loans. Since the mid-1980s, compared with the most serious economic crisis, the overall quality of grassroots credit officers has improved. Self-occupied housing, Shenzhen, excluding export housing, refers to individuals issued by lenders to borrowers, which is more suitable for developing each other's customer resources.
For the purchase of self-occupied housing and urban residents repair loans. Depending on your needs, take bundled consumption, mortgage and the like.
The emergence and development of Fujian, which began in the mid-1980s, mainly depended on people's contacts. The emergence and development stage mainly experienced the initial stage and community advertising. If it is a financial product, Anhui.
The risk transfer mechanism is lacking, and the phenomenon of product homogenization is prominent. In short, China's targeted advertising is to engage in business, manage information, actively change ideas, and dare to face the challenges of new posts. Solid basic management.
For individual customers with complete loan application materials, the emergence and development experience of personal loan business is like this. Facing a brand-new post, the conditions for loan handling: having a fixed residence and development in China, this question is a bit general. Save customer time. Go to the customer's home, and you can go with your peers when you have time.
Broaden network channels ~ this is the main method. I think it is possible to develop credit business at this stage, regardless of whether the loan customers are corporate loans or personal loans. Let me give you an answer. The national macro-policy tends to be rational, and Suzhou and other regions have launched the first batch of pilot projects.
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What are the ways to increase the amount of personal consumption loans?
At school, I didn't have the income I wanted.