First of all, the ordinary world recorded China during the ten years from 1975 to 1985. Although there is no specific location, all the signs seem to be in Shaanxi. During this period, the country has a very important measure, which is also described emphatically in the novel, that is, the household contract responsibility system. In the early 1980s, the responsibility system was gradually spread all over the country, but before 1980, it was mainly communes that ate the same pot. At this time, the people basically have no spare money and have little concept of money. From 1980 to 1985, with the liberation of labor from farmland, people began to have money and the market trade was enriched. Prices should rise during this period, but the loan in Sun Shaoan analyzed today is for two or three years, so the price increase is not considered for the time being.
Sun Shaoan's first loan appeared in Chapter 2 and Chapter 7. Shortly after the implementation of the responsibility system, Sun Shaoan borrowed 700 yuan money from the commune credit cooperatives to buy mules. After pulling the goods, he sold the mule. 11The mules bought by 600 yuan were sold at 1600 yuan, making a net profit in 500 yuan. Some friends must have seen the clue. It is easier to make money by changing hands than by producing. As long as you have books and can borrow money, you can make money at that time. At that time, Sun Shaoan also lost the loan principal and interest, and still had more than 2,000 yuan in working capital. Subsequently, a brick kiln was pieced together with the money earned by pulling bricks, which created financial conditions for the future industry.
Chapter 2 Chapter 27: In order to become a real nouveau riche, Sun Shaoan is determined to turn the brick kiln into a brick factory, and capital has become the biggest problem. A medium-sized 300 brick making machine costs 5000 yuan and other expenses. I didn't say exactly how much I borrowed. It is estimated that it should be several thousand yuan. There is nothing wrong. After they repay the loan at the end of the year, they still have an income of 2,000 yuan to 3,000 yuan, and of course there are fixed assets.
When other upstarts went out for a walk, Sun Shaoan hid in his room alone and began to plan his next grand vision. When he wants to go back, he immediately plans to buy a medium-sized 300 brick making machine, open more brick kilns and run a real brick factory!
Of course, there are many difficulties in taking the first step. The first is the issue of funds. A medium-sized brick-making machine costs 5 thousand yuan, which he can't afford personally; Not to mention other expenses of expanding production. As for manpower, we can hire a few people now; Although there is no clear employment policy, this phenomenon has appeared in many places and the government generally turns a blind eye. According to his second father, this problem is being discussed in the newspaper now.
His first concern is money. There is no way, it seems that we can only take the road of loan.
Chapter III and Chapter VI, Sun Shaoan decided to expand the brick factory, a large part of which was also for the villagers to earn some money and solve the employment problem. Chapter III Chapter XII Sun Shaoan borrows machinery and equipment through the Agricultural Bank, with a monthly interest of 9.6% and a loan principal of 6,543.8+0,000 yuan. One thing I noticed was that Sun Shaoan was late, and a batch of interest-free paid investment loans from the Provincial Construction Committee had been used up. We know that if the boss doesn't think more about himself and only does one thing well, he will often suffer. Once he is in a crisis, and no one can help him, Sun Shaoan is in such a crisis. The burned brick failed, and the brick kiln closed down, not only the loan was not paid back, but also the salary was not paid. It can be seen how big the risk of this brick factory is, and a small factor can be fatal. After that, no bank was willing to lend him money and fell into an infinite cycle of broken capital chain.
However, it is difficult to expand the brick factory!
It costs a lot of money. He can only make up five or six thousand yuan by selling the existing equipment and what little savings he has at hand. It costs 9000 yuan to buy a model 400 brick making machine-at least 10000 yuan, including freight and delivery. In addition, the expansion of brick kilns and the purchase of corresponding equipment will not be put into production without five or six thousand yuan.
Roughly calculated, he got at least 1 ten thousand yuan from the bank. It's not easy!
But now that Sun Shaoan's ambition has been set, he won't hesitate about his future career.
As soon as Akita's hectic work was over, he dragged his tired legs around. After some hard and clever bargaining, he sold the original small brick-making machine to the newly opened brick factory in Shigejie. The original price of this brick-making machine was about 5 thousand, and he sold it for 4.5 thousand. He used the machine for a year or two and sold it at a good price.
Then, Sun Shaoan anxiously went to find his classmate Liu Genmin.
Genmin is now the head of Shigejie Township, with great power in his hands. His old classmates supported him as always. However, he said with a little regret, "You are late! Not long ago, the Provincial Mountain Construction Committee issued a batch of interest-free paid investment loans, and now all of them have been repaid. You can only borrow machinery and equipment through the Agricultural Bank, with a monthly interest rate of 9.6%. "
In Chapter 34, Section 3, Sun Shaoan lent money to others in other counties through Hu Yonghe's friends. Unfortunately, he was told that he was forced to repay the principal and interest immediately. Finally, with the help of the county magistrate, he finally got a loan of 3,000 yuan from the county, and his career has been flourishing ever since. By the end of 1983, Sun Shaoan had paid off all the principal and interest of the loans from two large banks.
The ice cracked and a river opened!
After the first batch of bricks came out of the kiln, they were sold out within three days. Pay back the money owed to everyone in the village immediately; The loan from Shanxi Liulin's wife and brother was also sent back immediately.
Having learned the lesson of failure, this collapsed brick factory developed at an amazing speed after taking off for the second time. By the end of 1983, Sun Shaoan had paid off all the principal and interest of the loans from two large banks. Brick factory production gradually entered full load operation. When it started in 1984, profits flowed into Sun Shaoan's pocket. ...
This is a happy story, but it's not hard to find that without the face of the county magistrate, it's hard for Sun Shaoan to make a comeback. In fact, I only borrowed 3000 yuan in the end. After using it well, after inciting production, not only the principal and interest were returned smoothly, but also the original principal and interest of 10 thousand yuan were lost. If we follow the current thinking, there is basically no second chance after the loan is not paid.
As for the interest rate, it is only made clear once in the novel, and the monthly interest rate is 9.6%. At other times, interest rates are described as rolling to several hundred yuan. There are no exact figures. After a brief check of the relevant information, the loan interest rate of the year was not found. I just found out that the original deposit interest rate on CCB's online banking is 2.88%, and there is no concept of cycle. If so, the annual interest rate of 9.6% is 1 1.52%. This deposit-loan gap is really tight. Did banks make that much money at that time? Where is justice?
With regard to the purpose of the loan, Sun Shaoan's first loan was to buy mules, and 700 yuan should be considered a small sum, so it should be repaid by itself. The next mechanical equipment payment is entrusted and sent directly to Henan to buy equipment. In fact, it doesn't matter whether the county is outside the county. The original reason for Beixian to recover the loan from Sun Shaoan is still in use. Of course, it also reflected from the side that the loans at that time were extremely scarce resources, and the county's support was not enough. How can it be used to support other counties? It's not like now, as long as it can make money, where can enterprises not get loans? It should be that the people were not rich at that time, and there were not many savings, so the scale of loans was naturally small. In this era of great need for big money to do great things, whoever gives money will be developed.
At that time, banks were not commercialized and the competition was not strong. The loans that the commune credit cooperatives could not handle went to the Agricultural Bank of China in the county, not the superior branch of the credit cooperatives. Each bank has a division of labor, which is very harmonious. Nowadays, in order to promote the market economy and further liberalize the market, there are more and more banks and the competition is becoming more and more fierce. Finance is an important resource for the national economy and people's livelihood. If it is completely liberalized, there will be problems, and it will always be a long-standing problem in bank supervision. Even now, it is said that we should further liberalize the market and give full play to its basic role. Look, if something goes wrong, we hope the country will not blindly rescue the market. Since it is liberalized, let the market relax more. When the time is ripe, the role of the market will be reflected. I'm afraid the market is not fully in place, and the smell of gunpowder has been smelled. Then the government made a move, and the market function could not be exerted. The government does not know when to stop. This is the worst result.
Back to the novel, back to the topic discussed earlier, if there is no county magistrate, Sun Shaoan will not be able to repay the initial loan, and no bank dares to lend it to him. Not only can the original loan not be recovered, but the Sun Shaoan family will also be doomed. It's a bit risky, but it's a win-win situation. Why can't banks do it? To put it bluntly, it means whether the enterprise should support it when it is in trouble. For commercial banks, it should not be, because the risk is too great, which absolutely violates the business philosophy, and whoever does it will bear the responsibility. If it has nothing to do with yourself, who will? Moreover, the conditions of banks are becoming stricter and stricter, and there are more and more hard bars. A lot of things can't be done if you want to. For example, such a risky enterprise, even if it wants to save, will be dragged to death by various systems and processes.
I have always felt that the financial industry, together with medical care and education, should be managed by the government in a unified way. Without the dispute of interests and the "icing on the cake" concept of modern commercial banks, our industry will go further. We need more policy banks, not too many commercial banks.
Finally, a small detail that can't be ignored. Sun Shaoping remitted his first salary to his father in the form of remittance. According to the description of the novel, "he can imagine what this money order will mean when it appears in Shuangshui Village. He seemed to see his father walking into the dark green door of the stone Gejie post office with the paper in his hand. Different from now, money orders are sent to the village first and then processed by the post office. It should be cash. Can I withdraw money by money order? Then a draft is almost the same as a deposit slip and a check. It is estimated that you can't get money in this form now, maybe it was the only way at that time. Then why not just send the money? Afraid of losing it? I don't know how to wrap an envelope or anything. There are only a few sheets of paper for 50 yuan, and the money order is bought for a penny.
1. Users can enter the housing loan interest page in the personal income tax mobile phone software and fill in the information