At present, most subsidiaries can abide by various national financial management systems in financial management, and their management also conforms to the business objectives of the whole enterprise group, which has made great contributions to the healthy development of the group company. However, some subsidiaries have exposed some problems worthy of attention in financial management. For example, the quality of accountants in many subsidiaries is low, they can't master the new accounting system, new standards and new methods skillfully, or they lack relevant knowledge in economic law and tax law, which causes some subsidiaries to cheat financially for the regional interests of their own units, which seriously affects the overall interests of the group company and the realization of its business objectives. Therefore, it is a very important problem for the group company to study how to strengthen the financial management of its subsidiaries. Group companies generally adopt four modes of financial management of their subsidiaries: centralized, decentralized, appointed by accounting supervisors and highly autonomous. Centralized financial management mode is that financial decision-making power and accounting personnel management power are concentrated in group companies. Its advantage is that "everything is under control", but its disadvantage is that it can not give full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of accountants to participate in the operation of the company, which weakens the functional role of financial accounting, especially management accounting; Decentralized financial management mode is that subsidiaries have more financial decision-making power and accounting personnel management power. Its advantage is that it helps to give full play to the enthusiasm of accounting personnel of subsidiaries to make suggestions for enterprise management by using financial accounting functions, but its disadvantage is that financial accounting information is largely influenced by the leaders of the unit where it belongs, and it is easy to produce false information; The financial management mode of accountant supervisor appointment is that the group company sends the financial supervisor to the subsidiary company, and the personnel relationship is in the group company. Its advantage is that it can control the whole process of financial accounting work of subsidiaries, which better solves the disadvantages of decentralized management and centralized management; The "highly autonomous" financial management mode is that the leaders of subsidiaries have great financial decision-making power and accounting management personnel power. Its advantage is that the development of subsidiaries is highly consistent with the interests of financial accountants, and it can give full play to the functions of financial management. The disadvantage is that if the quality of financial decision-makers is not high, it will easily lead to low decision-making efficiency or even mistakes. These financial management models have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they can seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. Different financial management models are adopted according to the specific conditions of different subsidiaries in order to achieve the effect of integrating resources and obtaining greater profits. Authorization and approval management system means that before a certain financial activity occurs, personnel at all levels must obtain approval and authorization. The investment and loan projects of subsidiaries below the authorized amount can be decided by themselves, and the investment and loan projects above the authorized amount must be reported to the relevant departments of the head office for approval. At the same time, the group company should establish and improve the establishment, approval, control and inspection system of foreign investment and loans of subsidiaries, and attach importance to the tracking management of investment and loan projects to standardize the investment and loan behavior of subsidiaries. Through authorization control, we can supervise the standard operation of daily financial activities of subsidiaries, thus ensuring the orderly operation of enterprise groups. The financial budget reporting system is a tool for coordination, control standard and assessment between the group company and its subsidiaries, a tool for standardizing and scientific financial management of subsidiaries, and an effective way to promote self-discipline and self-development of subsidiaries. In budget management, predict and control the future situation of investment activities, business activities and financial activities related to subsidiaries. The group company can implement the comprehensive budget method, set the business objectives of its subsidiaries, and establish a performance appraisal system. Judging from the implementation effect of the group company, it is an effective method to strengthen the financial management of the subsidiary by appointing the financial supervisor to the subsidiary. Appointed candidates can be openly recruited to the public, and their personnel relations are centrally managed by the head office, and wages and welfare benefits are uniformly distributed by the group company. While being responsible for the daily financial work and establishing a sound financial control and supervision system, the financial supervisor should also proceed from the overall management policies and guidelines of the group company, assist the subsidiary operators to make all major financial decisions and control the behavior of the subsidiary operators. Appointing a financial supervisor can not only enable the overall management policy of the group company to be implemented and implemented in the subsidiaries, but also ensure the truthfulness, objectivity and accuracy of the financial accounting information of the subsidiaries, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the group company. Establish an evaluation system for the implementation of various financial indicators, so that the assessment and supervision system will be continuously improved and scientific. After the subsidiaries get the capital invested by the head office and investors to operate, they must not only ensure the safety and integrity of the capital invested by investors, but also maintain and increase the value. In order to encourage subsidiaries to operate independently, the head office should establish a set of effective assessment methods to encourage subsidiaries to work hard to achieve business objectives. In order to ensure that the subsidiaries will bring stable income to the group company in the future, and at the same time, it is convenient for the management department of the group company to objectively evaluate the financial status, operating results and future prospects of the subsidiaries. The group company can determine the reasonable return on investment of the subsidiaries and verify the profit indicators of the subsidiaries in combination with the actual situation of the subsidiaries and the achievements that can be achieved during a certain operating period, so as to promote the subsidiaries to achieve the purpose of maintaining and increasing their value. In addition, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive evaluation system of financial indicators. It mainly includes financial indicators such as enterprise liquidity ratio, asset management ratio, debt ratio and profitability ratio, and some quantitative indicators and qualitative analysis auxiliary indicators can also be added according to the actual situation of enterprises. Audit plays an irreplaceable role in the governance structure of the group company. Considering the standardization of the operation of subsidiaries and the authenticity and reliability of financial information, the group company must also carry out regular and irregular financial revenue and expenditure audits of subsidiaries. The audit of subsidiaries includes external audit and internal audit. At present, the audit of annual statements of subsidiaries by accounting firms belongs to external audit. The internal audit of the group company is mainly carried out by the internal audit department of the group company. The role of the internal audit department is not only to supervise the financial work of subsidiaries, but also to check and evaluate whether the internal control system is perfect and the efficiency of various organizations in the enterprise to perform designated functions, and it is also the main force to supervise and control other internal links. Internal audit can focus on whether subsidiaries correctly calculate costs according to the scope of industrial enterprises' costs and expenses, whether to raise or lower expenses, and artificially adjust the profit level; There are no major investment financing activities, and there are no creditor's rights that can't be recovered for a long time; Whether there are violations and guarantees for others. Through the audit of the internal audit department, we can find out the problems in the financial and production operations of subsidiaries in time and put forward management suggestions, and resolutely punish the problems found in the audit, such as fraud, violation of the company's financial system and financial discipline. The group company confirms the operating performance of each unit and operator according to the results of internal audit and CPA audit, evaluates the degree of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets, and fulfills relevant reward and punishment measures. How to promote

agency bookkeeping for small financial companies refers to an intermediary service that is independent of the operator, accepts the entrustment in the name of the organization, and carries out accounting on behalf of the operator in accordance with the unified national accounting system. According to the relevant provisions of the Accounting Law of the People's Republic of China, if some units do not have the conditions to set up accounting institutions, they may entrust the accounting consulting and service institutions approved to set up for bookkeeping. First, the background and legal status of the agency bookkeeping business are determined. The more the economy develops, the more important accounting is. In recent years, the development momentum of private enterprises is rapid, and the number is huge. The financial and tax departments of various districts and counties have to supervise accounting and tax returns in the face of private enterprises ranging from tens of thousands to more than 2,,. Agency bookkeeping is a new social accounting service activity with the development of China's economy. With the protection of personal legal property and the encouragement policy of individual entrepreneurship at the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, there are more types of economic organizations in China, forming a diversified pattern of organizational forms, and some small and medium-sized township enterprises, private enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households and self-employment of college students are constantly emerging. Contradicting with this economic development situation, first, the number of accountants with relevant education is insufficient, and it is difficult for many units to find accountants with equivalent quality; Second, some people who don't understand the accounting business go into battle, and enterprise leaders don't pay enough attention to the role of accounting, which affects the economic order and national tax revenue. There are few full-time accountants in private enterprises, so the authenticity and integrity of accounting are affected to some extent. According to the Accounting Law of the People's Republic of China, there are many problems in the accounting work of privately-run enterprises, such as some enterprise leaders arbitrarily interfering in the accounting work, many enterprises' accounting basic work is weak, their quality is low, their information is distorted, and the phenomenon of tax payment "running, running, dripping and leaking" is repeatedly prohibited. From the perspective of accounting establishment, some private enterprises have established accounting books, but some are incomplete and irregular; Without account books, the phenomenon of "substituting tickets for accounts" and "reversing accounts" can be found everywhere. What is reflected in the tax revenue is that the tax burden of some private enterprises is low, and the tax burden of some individual enterprises is even less than one ten thousandth. Some "ticket sellers" are mixed among them, and they have engaged in illegal profit-making criminal activities such as falsely issuing and issuing VAT invoices on behalf of others. With the continuous development of these enterprises, they gradually realize the importance of accounting personnel, but they still face the problem of finding suitable accounting personnel. Moreover, some small-scale enterprises with few businesses can hardly afford the expenses if they are equipped with full-time accountants and cashiers. Therefore, many units have begun to "hire" external accounting personnel, which has led to the emergence of some accounting service institutions such as "bookkeeping professional households" and "less bookkeeping companies", which are specialized or * *. In view of the rationality and further standardization of this business, Article 21 of the revised Accounting Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that those who do not have the conditions to set up accounting institutions or accountants may make bookkeeping on their behalf through accounting consulting and accounting service institutions approved for establishment. Financial planning, accounting control, accounting check, accounting assessment and score analysis, etc., in order to manage the business activities of enterprises throughout the process. Enterprise internal accounting management should take responsibility accounting as the main form, strengthen the management of assets, funds, costs and profits, and take fund management as the center; The implementation of target management, with the profit target as the lead, or with the cost target as the lead, so that the goal is clear, the responsibility is implemented, the assessment is strict, and the rewards and punishments are clear. In enterprise accounting management, we should actively promote various accounting modern management science. Enterprise internal accounting management should systematize accounting supervision. Enterprises should establish and improve the internal accounting supervision system of their own units, and accounting institutions and accountants have the right to refuse to handle accounting matters that violate accounting laws and regulations and the unified accounting system of the state or to correct them according to their functions and powers; Correctly handle the relationship with the audit of certified public accountants and the supervision of units by external departments such as finance, auditing, taxation, people's bank, securities supervision and insurance supervision. The combination of accounting supervision and legal norms. Knowledge-based economy has penetrated into various fields of society and economy, and it has also brought great impact to the accounting field, and accounting innovation has become a brand-new topic. The confirmation and measurement of intangible assets, the management of enterprise risks and the measurement of unearned income are all new issues that need our active research and exploration. Under the condition of knowledge economy, only by carrying out accounting innovation and changing the traditional financial accounting system can we better serve investors and creditors. Iii. development and reform of accounting

(I) accelerating internationalization of accounting As a superstructure, accounting standards must change with the development of economy, and China's market must be integrated into the world market system and join the international commercial trading network. To meet the requirements of internationalization of this market system, accounting must go to the world and be integrated into a unified international accounting system. In view of the present situation of accounting internationalization in China, accelerating the process of accounting internationalization is an important aspect of deepening accounting reform in China. Accounting internationalization contains a lot of contents, but its core lies in the internationalization of accounting norms. Judging from the current situation in China, in order to speed up the internationalization process of accounting standards, efforts should be made in the following two aspects: 1. Construction of international accounting standards to build the structural framework of accounting standards in China. 2. The provisions of international accounting standards on accounting procedures and methods, and the selection scope and principles of accounting procedures and methods in China's accounting standards are revised and improved. (II) Strengthening the restraint and supervision mechanism for the implementation of the accounting system. Accounting entities adopt different accounting principles, procedures and methods, which will lead to different performance information, thus affecting the distribution of interests between accounting entities and the state. Therefore, for the sake of promoting their own regional interests, accounting subjects often deviate from the provisions of the accounting system and choose to implement accounting behaviors that are beneficial to them. This shows that how to strengthen the restraint and supervision mechanism of accounting system implementation and ensure the seriousness of accounting system is an important content of deepening accounting reform. (C) improving human resource accounting

1. Integrating human resource accounting with financial accounting. Capitalize human resources into assets and bring them into the financial accounting reporting system, and the human resources information will be made public with the financial statements. In this way, human resource accounting is no longer an independent branch of accounting, but an expansion of traditional financial accounting. 2. Choose a reasonable measurement method of human assets. The existing human resource accounting is divided into two parts: human resource cost accounting and human resource value accounting. Among them, human resource cost accounting focuses on the capitalization of enterprises' investment in human resources, and the measurement methods include historical cost method and replacement cost method; The value accounting of human resources focuses on the capitalization of human resources output, and the specific measurement methods include internal bidding method, future profit discount method, future salary discount method, economic value method and some non-monetary measurement methods. I believe that human resources, like other material resources and knowledge resources, are capitalized on the premise of the marketization of labor. Generally speaking, assets should be measured by their prices, that is, the price of human assets is the market price of labor force, that is, wages. Because of the characteristics of wage payment by installments, it is more reasonable to choose the "future wage discount method" to measure human assets. To sum up, under the condition of knowledge economy, the original enterprise accounting can no longer adapt to the development of the new environment, and the reform is imperative, and our society is ready for the reform of accounting. The trend of enterprise accounting reform is strengthening and the speed is accelerating, and the new enterprise accounting is just around the corner. How to treat financial companies entering the market

Feng Juemin, general manager of Great Wall Finance Company, has been very excited for several days. On July 24th, the People's Bank of China released the Administrative Measures for Finance Companies of Enterprise Groups, which rejuvenated the finance company that was originally prepared to be cancelled. After learning that the new method allows enterprise group finance companies to issue medium and long-term bonds and carry out